• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.291-304
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• 2020

This paper examines the factors that drive temporal income diversification in rural areas of the Mekong River Delta in Vietnam, based on a framework that conceptualized diversification as a function of a household's capacity to diversify and incentives (both push and pull factors) to diversify. Drawing from five rounds of the Vietnam Living Standard Measurement Surveys covering a 13-year span (1993-2006), two panel datasets made from five cross-sectional samples are used for the analyses. The data are drawn from the Vietnam General Statistics Office. Both tobit model and Ordinary Least Squares model with random and fixed effects are applied. The main points emerging from the analysis is that income diversification is strongly influenced by household labor capacity. The relationship between household labor capacity and increasing insertion in non-farming wage activities is not driven by unobserved time-invariant factors such as household ability and motivation, but is instead driven by the higher labor capacity of households. In terms of the other household capacity variables, the effect of farm size is much larger in terms of retaining households in traditional occupations as compared to pushing them towards non-farm wage employment. Other variables such as household access to financial capital do not play an important role.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.45 no.6
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• pp.503-513
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• 2022

The purpose of the study is to investigate the characteristics of the subjects and analyze and confirm the association between related factors in order to study the factors affecting drinking level after COVID-19 using data from the Korea Labor and Income Panel(2018-2020). The result of the study indicated that male group, 10s and 20s, unemployed status, and groups whose personal income fell before COVID-19 have a high risk of increased drinking levels. n particular, in the group where the frequency of drinking before COVID-19 decreased, the risk of increasing the level of drinking after COVID-19 was found to be higher. Further research is needed on this group of subjects. Based on this, various studies on drinking factors are needed through long-term monitoring studies on drinking levels after COVID-19.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.81-96
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• 2011

This study analyzed the time use of dual income paid workers. The data was selected from the '2009 Korean Time Use Survey' by the Korean National Statistical Office. There were 2799 respondents who were paid workers with dual income. There were big differences in time use between men and women. The result showed that men's time allocation focused on 'labor and leisure' and women's time allocation focused on ‘labor and housework'. This means the women among dual income paid workers faced difficulties in dual burden of work-family balance. Regression analysis on time use dividing men and women showed that age, education, income, working type and the presence of preschool children had significant effects on time allocation. We found the income effects on time use which reduced paid working time and increased housework and leisure time. Significantly, younger men who have preschool children spend more time in housework. We could find the possibility of a change in men's time allocation.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.185-223
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• 2008

This paper considers a heterogeneous agent dynamic general equilibrium model and analyzes effects of an increase in labor income tax rate on labor market and the aggregate variables in Korea. The fiscal policy regarding how the government uses the additional tax revenue may take the two forms: 1) general transfer and 2) earned income tax credit (EITC). The model features are as follows: 1) Workers are heterogeneous in their productivity. 2)Labor is indivisible, hence the analysis focuses on the variation in labor supply through the extensive margin in response to a change in fiscal policy. 3) The incomplete markets are introduced, so individual workers can not perfectly insure themselves against risks related to stochastic changes in income or employment status. 4) The model is of general equilibrium, hence it is equiped to analyze the feedback effect of changes in aggregate variables on individual workers' decisions. In the case of general transfer policy, the government equally distributes the additional tax revenue to all workers regardless of their employment states. Under this policy, an increase in the labor income tax rate dampens work incentives of individual workers so that the aggregate employment rate decreases by 1% compared with the benchmark economy. In the case of EITC policy, only employed workers whose labor incomes are below a certain EITC ceiling are eligible for the EITC benefits. Unlike the general transfer policy, the EITC induces low-income workers to participate the labor market to be eligible for EITC benefits. Hence, the aggregate employment rate may increase by 2.7% at the maximum. As the EITC ceiling increases, too many workers can collect the EITC but the benefits per worker becomes too little so that the increase in employment rate is negligible. By and large, this study demonstrates that EITC may effectively raise the aggregate employment rate, and that it can be a useful policy tool in response to the decrease in the labor force due to population aging as observed in Korea recently.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.77-87
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• 2016

I study optimal consumption and investment choices of an infinitely-lived economic agent with a general time-separable von Neumann-Morgenstern utility under general borrowing constraints against future labor income. An explicit solution is provided by the dynamic programming method. It is shown that the optimal consumption and risky investment decrease as the borrowing constraints become stronger.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.366-375
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the impact of total, native-born, and foreign-born employment rates on the increases of GDP and per capita GDP for 24 OECD countries out of 34 countries depending on data availability. The panel data analysis is formed by a fixed-effects model which allows dummy variable in it to permit the intercept term to vary over time-series and cross-sectional units. Empirical evidences obtained by simple and multiple panel regressions reveal that the contribution to increasing of GDP by foreign-born employment is obviously lower than the one by native-born employment. And, native-born labor is substituted by foreign-born labor. It also has to be mentioned that the labor is playing a key role in increasing in national income. And, therefore, labor-related policy should be concerned on decreasing in labor productivity and segmentation of labor market resulted from inflow of foreign labor. It means that labor-related policy has to take care of not only the magnitude, but also the quality of foreign-born labor.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.154-162
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• 2014

Purpose: This study examined self-efficacy, emotional labor, and health promoting behaviors. It also investigated factors affecting health promoting behaviors of nurses working for tertiary and general hospital. Methods: Between June and July 2013, a convenience sample of 233 subjects was collected from 2 tertiary hospitals and 4 general hospitals. The data analysis was done with ANOVA, t-test and stepwise multiple regression. Results: Emotional labor of the subjects was slightly lower than that of other nurses and the average level of health promoting behaviors was lower than the median. Health promoting behaviors were differentiated by education, hospital type, and monthly income. Self-efficacy showed positive correlation with HPLP-II, but emotional labor showed negative correlation with self-efficacy and HPLP-II. The most significant factor affecting health promoting behaviors was self regulation(16.3%). The combination of self regulation, attentiveness to required display rules, BSN, preference to task difficulty, and monthly income(${\geq}300$) accounted for 25.4% of health promoting behavior. Attentiveness to required display rules was a negative factor of HPLP-II. Conclusion: When developing health promotion programs for nurses, self-efficacy should be considered and further research is needed to identify mediating variables between emotional labor and health promoting behaviors.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.175-208
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• 2018

The purpose of this article is to evaluate Korea's income-led growth policy that is still in dispute. To do this, I discussed the content, background and implications of the income-led growth theory. Next, I discussed the role of income-led growth as a growth strategy in the Korean economy. The income-led growth theory comes from the Keynesian tradition which emphasizes the role of demand in the economic growth. The basic idea emerged nearly 80 years ago, and the current model emerged about 30 years ago. Some of the Korean researchers began to pay attention to this issue when ILO researchers discussed it in 2010. The recent emphasis on income-led growth theory was due to the tendency of declining labor income, thus forming a consensus that increasing inequality can hamper growth. The effectiveness of the income-led growth strategy, which can lead to economic growth by increasing the share of labor income, is theoretically and empirically controversial. However, it is understandable why income-led growth strategies have emerged. Income-led growth is not a short-term strategy nor a key of growth strategy. However, in current socio economic structures, the prescriptions of income-led growth theory is meaningful in that it enables sustainable growth by making the economic system healthy. In addition, unlike the West, the government's welfare expenditure can play a significant role as part of the income-led growth prescriptions in Korea.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.115-129
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• 2016

This study is about the happiness of married women from the baby boom generation. The study aims to understand the impact of the married life of such women on the happiness index and to improve the happiness of married women by improving married life. The data for this study were drawn from the National Women and Family Panel Survey (4th year data) carried out by the Korean Women's Development Institute. The subjects for the final analysis totaled 885 married women from the baby boom generation, born between 1955 and 1963. Of these, 550 were married women in a dual income family, and 335 were married women in a husband-income family. IBM SPSS Statistic 21.0 was used. The findings from this study are as follows: First, the women's happiness index was higher in cases where the women had a more positive view of their husbands, the more often they were involved in leisure activities, the better their conflict resolution whenever there was a clash of opinions, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor. Second, in the case of dual income families, the women's happiness index was higher where they had a positive view of their husbands, their conflicts were better resolved, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor. Third, in the case of married women in a husband-income family, their happiness index rose the more positively they perceived their husbands, the more often they were involved in leisure activities together, and the more satisfied they were with the division of household labor.

• Survey Research
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.59-83
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to understand why female labor force participation rates decline in early times after their marriage. Data were derived from the 4th(2001) to 9th(2006) Korea Labor & Income Panel Study. 194 Korean married women in twenties and thirties who had a job before marriage were analyzed. Survival analysis was used to explore the first labor force exit of married women longitudinally. The major findings are as follows. First, nearly half of them went away from labor market in the first 3 years after marriage. Second, child birth was the most significant factor in predicting women's labor force exit. Married women's employment discontinuity tend to be lowered after child birth, with working hour decreasing, and with the number of available family-friendly policies increasing. Married women's income encouraged them to hold on their career, though husband's income and household income were not significant. Third, married women tended to leave their job before giving birth. Women who remained in the labor market at child birth or until a year after birth were inclined to continue their job thereafter. Fourth, maternity leave and childcare leave diminished the probability of employment discontinuity. Many working wives could not use a maternity leave or childcare leave. This study shows married women usually underwent labor market exit in their newly married time. They cannot help facing conflict between the role of mother's and a worker's. Family-friendly policies could encourage working wives to rear child and continue work at the same time. The findings of this study could serve as fundamental material for further studies and would be a key to find effective solution for problematic issues on reconciling work and family.