• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2017

The study suggests a contract model of application operation through case study of A bank's IT outsourcing application contract based on workload. The IT outsourcing order form has a problem in that the scope of work is ambiguous due to the integration of operation and maintenance. In this study, application operation and maintenance were separated by referring to application operation history provided in ISO/IEC15504-5 standard. The scope of the IT outsourcing service was clarified by organizing the definition and detail activities of the application operation business. Application operation contract method has generally applied estimation method by the number of input manpower and period by agreement between buyer and client. As there is no activity to calculate the number of input manpower based on the operational work history and based on the standard workload per activity. In this case is not guaranteed due to the simple agreement between the contractors. In this paper, we propose an application operating cost estimation model that measures the size of the operating software using function point analysis that is the basis of application operation tasks. In order to verify the validity of the application operation cost model, we verified the correlation between the application size and the labor cost through regression analysis using SPSS.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.329-337
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• 2021

This research aims to expose the Islamic perspective on the concept of justice on the Mudarabah contract's profit-sharing ratio. In certain verses in Al-Qur'an, Islamic values in Muamalah, the rules dictated by the Qur'an and its practices, and explanations rendered (more commonly known as Sunnah) by the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) and Sahabah (the companions of the Prophet Muhammad), and Fiqh Axiom (rules) in Muamalah (Islamic jurisprudence), are used as the instruments of sharia to achieve the study objective. Islamic monetary establishments in Indonesia are still not in full consistency with the Shariah principles, significantly as far as satisfying equity and justice by Islamic banks in mudarabah contract (with clients). The ignominy is the nisbah (ratio) between the capital proprietor and the capital director. There are models or propositions to decide the benefit (profit)-sharing proportion. Nevertheless, none of them explains or specifies the possibility of equity/justice in the profit-sharing ratio. This research utilizes an explorative and subjective methodology that contributes to the philosophical premise of deciding the profit-sharing fairness. The elements of a just ratio for the Mudharabah contract are mutual willingness, the existence of negotiation, and the level of advantages and risks of the labor.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1038-1043
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• 2021

안정적인 선원 수급을 위해서는 선원의 임금 보장이 필수적이다. 하지만 선원들이 임금을 제대로 받지 못하는 임금체불 분쟁이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선원 임금체불을 해결하기 위해 블록체인 기반 스마트 컨트랙트를 이용하여 임금지불 자동체결시스템을 설계하였다. 설계한 시스템은 정보등록부, 매칭처리부, 평점관리부, 스마트 컨트랙트를 배포하기 위한 임금 송금 등으로 구성된다. 매칭처리부는 선원과 선주의 자동알림설정을 위해 임금, 선종/어업, 직위, 면허 등 4가지 변수의 가중치 합이 임계값보다 넘으면 전송되도록 설계하였다. 또한, 평상시 근로조건을 상호 간 잘 이행해 나갈 수 있는 매개체 역할을 위해 평균과 중앙값을 조합하여 평점관리방식을 제시하였다. 스마트 컨트랙트는 중개자 없이 당사자 간 근로계약을 자동으로 이행하게 함으로써 선주에 의한 임금체불 문제뿐만 아니라 선원에 의한 선불금 사기, 무등록 직업소개소업자의 횡령, 선원수첩 위조 등의 문제들이 자연히 해결될 것이다. 이러한 시스템 설계가 상용화되어 제도적으로 활성화될 경우, 선원에게는 안정적인 임금보장과 더불어 선주에게는 인력수급의 어려움이 해결될 것으로 기대된다. 향후 본 시스템 개발을 위해 로컬 환경에서 테스트할 예정이다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were: 1) to investigate the operational and financial characteristics of contract-managed high school food services in Seoul, 2) to analyze the financial performance of high school food services 3) to develop guidelines for meal pricing and facilities investment costs. From Oct to Nov 2001, questionnaires were mailed to 249 high schools that were managed by contract food service companies. A 40.2％ response rate was recorded. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Student enrollment in high schools run by contract-managed food services was 1,518, with a 68.5％ participation rate in the school lunch program. The average meal price was 2,141 won. 2. Based on the income statement analysis, average total sales were 410,440,504 won and average net profit was 16,098,558 won. 3. The optimum food cost per meal was 1,200-1,300 won per meal, calculating using the methods of conversion factor, RDA (Recommended Daily Allowance), and nutrient exchange unit. 4. Guidelines for meal pricing were developed using the modified actual pricing method based on facilities investment cost, number of meals and food cost. The ratio of labor cost, general management expenses and ordinary profit were adopted from the schools with liability. The food cost, depreciation and interest cost were calculated based on unit meal. 5. The guideline for facilities investment was developed based on the number of meals, meal price and food cost. The guideline included the maximum facilities investment cost paid by the contract food service management company. (Korean J Nutrition 36(5): 528∼535, 2003)

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.490-498
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• 2009

This study attempted to examine the profitability and marketing costs of seed potato under contract farming system of BADC (Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation) with the help of primary and secondary data. Total 45 contract farmers were randomly selected. Attempts were made to calculate costs, returns and profitability of seed potato production under contract farming system, and to identify marketing channels of seed potato. The field level data were collected by a farm survey during the months of April 2005 through direct interviews with contract farmers and registered dealers using a structure survey questionnaire. The results showed that the gross return per hectare was Tk. 252,464 for all categories of farms. Cost of seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, irrigation and human labor were critical inputs for profitability of seed potato. Cobb-Douglas production function analysis was used to determine the effects of the key variables to seed potato production under contract farming system. The elasticity of seed potato production was at 0.727 for all categories of farms. The findings exhibited that the summation of elasticity of different inputs for seed potato production was less than one, implying that the production function exhibited decreasing returns to scale. Registered dealers and Upazila Sales Centers were involved in seed potato marketing formed a straightforward marketing channel. The total marketing costs of registered dealers were Tk. 759.49 per ton of seed potato. The net marketing margin of registered dealers was estimated at Tk. 465.51 per ton of seed potato. The selected contract farmers and registered dealers faced a number of problems and some of recommendations were suggested.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.231-239
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• 2022

노동이사제도가 회사법에 도입되기 위해서는 노동이사가 우리 회사법 속에서 설명되어야 하고 도입의 불가피성이 설득되어야 한다. 그리고 주주의 기관 선임권과의 갈등도 해결되어야 하는 과제이다. 영업이익에 연동하는 배당을 받는 주주들에게 경영진은 절대적 의미를 갖는다. 반면 단체행동권을 보장받고 노동의 대가를 계약법과 노동법에 의해 지급받는 노동자에게 경영진은 노사협력의 파트너로서의 위치에 있다고 보아야 하므로 노동이사제도는 자칫 혼동의 문제점이 발생할 수 있다. 노사대결을 유발하는 기존의 '통제와 명령' 중심의 인력관리에서 벗어나 '이해와 참여, 협력하는 관계'를 형성할 수 있는 시스템을 만들어야 한다는 목소리가 높아지고 있고 기관의 이해당사자인 노동자들의 직접 경영참여를 통하여 공공기관 낙하산 임용 폐해를 개선할 수 있다는 계기가 될 수도 있다.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to : a) investigate the current status of contracted hospital food services, b) analyze and clarify various perspectives of contractors and hospitals. Thirty six hospitals and their contractors which were having more than 100 beds located in Seoul, Inchon and Kyungkido, were the subjects of this study. Data were collected through surveys. The survey was conducted during March to April in 2002. Questionnaires were mailed to the 36 directors of dietetic departments of hospitals and 36 managers of contract foodservice management company. Statistical analysis was completed using SPSS Win(11.0) for descriptive analysis, t-test and $x^2$-test. The results of the study can be summarized ; 1. The type of contract considered adequate by directors of dietetic departments and managers of contractors was fee-contract, combined type, followed by profit-and-loss contract. 2. According to the results from analysis on the contract cost per meal considered adequate by directors of dietetic departments and managers, the directors of dietetic department indicated that showing no difference with the current contract cost per meal. However, the managers of contractor indicated that showing significant differences compared with the current contract cost per meal(regular diet p<0.01, therapeutic diet p<0.001). 3. In the composition of contract cost per meal considered adequate, the managers of contracting businesses accounted labor cost (p<0.01) as a major cost, whereas the chiefs of nutrition departments accounted miscellaneous or controllable expense (p<0.001) and VAT (p<0.01) as major costs. 4. The directors of dietetic departments and managers thought that the hospital should be responsible for utility costs. On the other hand, directors of dietetic departments regarded that the contractor and managers thought that the hospital should pay for facility investment cost.

• 산업노동연구
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.105-137
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• 2013

이 글은 오랫동안 사회적인 쟁점이 되어왔던 현대자동차(현대차)의 사내하청(비정규직) 문제를 둘러싼 원청-정규직 노조-비정규직 노조의 관계를 검토하고 바람직한 해결방안을 찾기 위한 것이다. 현대차에서 사내하청의 정치는 회사와 정규직 노조 사이의 내부노동시장을 둘러싼 '갈등적 담합', 회사와 비정규직 노조 사이의 '배제와 저항', 그리고 정규직 노조와 비정규직 노조 사이의 '연대적 갈등' 관계를 축으로 전개되어 왔다. 2012년 대법원의 최종판결 이후 비정규직 해법을 둘러싼 3주체 사이의 갈등과 담합/연대관계는 한층 증폭된 형태로 나타나고 있다. 원하청 특별교섭(협의)의 지속적인 파행이나 비정규직 노조와 회사 사이의 심화된 갈등, 그리고 정규직 노조와 비정규직 노조 사이에서 나타나는 연대의 위기 등은 이를 단적으로 보여주는 사례이다. 현대차에서 사내하청 문제를 풀기 위해서는 정규직-비정규직 노조의 통합, 그리고 내부노동시장에서의 '교섭된 유연화'를 통해 3자 사이의 모순적인 관계를 양자 사이의 '갈등적 협력관계'로 전환시키는 방안을 검토할 수 있다. 단기적으로는 법의 준수를 바탕으로 하는 단계적인 정규직 전환과 비정규직의 처우개선이 이루어질 필요가 있다. 그 결과 현대차 기업노동시장은 정규직-합법도급-직접고용 기간제로 구성될 것이다.

• 통상정보연구
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.193-206
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• 2006

The United States demands that the Korean Government include in the WTO GPA the privately invested projects of the BOT contract. Controversy surrounding BOT contract will continue. As of result of opening up of private investment market including BOT contracts, inflow of foreign capital will be expanded, and it will provide an opportunity for rectifying any unreasonable policies or regulations. With active penetration of foreign companies, there is a possibility for deepening of competition in the private investment market, and if a foreign administrative company is selected, possibility of assigning high value works such as design to foreign companies leaving labor intensive work such as construction to domestic companies exists, and also, difficulties resulting from agreement between the employer and the foreign administrative company exists. Large-scale construction companies must put forth their efficiency and creativity, and through revolutionary constructions by private sectors, reduction in construction cost should be made possible, and must also increase efficiency in maintenance, repair, and management of the facility. On the other hand, in order for Korean construction companies of BOT businesses to be able to enter the foreign BOT industry, the government needs to conduct studies in information and policies of various nations.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2009

This study was performed to examine the manpower structure of foodservice operations, evaluate the management efficiency of each operation, and propose efficiency improvement guidelines for inefficient operations. For this purpose, a total of 224 B&I foodservice operations managed by an 'A' contract-managed foodservice company were chosen as the study sample. The efficiency scores were obtained through Data Envelopment Analysis(DEA) using the CCR model. The efficiency scores ranged from 63.56 to 100 and the average score was 82.47. The average efficiency score of Group 'C'(factory, more than 1,000 meals per day) was the highest among 6 groups. The results of further operations analysis in group 'C' showed that the labor cost percentage was significantly lower(p<0.001) and sales per man-hour significantly higher(p<0.001) in efficient operations compared to inefficient operations within group 'C'. Finally, efficiency improvement guidelines were suggested for the most inefficient operations in group 'C'.