• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.265-273
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• 2010

Objectives: Due to the economic crisis and globalization, many workers have been suffering from severe occupational stress due to job insecurity and struggles related to downsizing and restructuring. This study aims to assess the stress levels among workers involved in fierce labor disputes and massive layoffs and to evaluate their specific needs and satisfaction with counseling services set up to help workers cope with severely stressful situations? Methods: The authors provided crisis intervention to workers in traumatic situations to compare the differential level of stress responses and needs among the workers remaining employed in a large auto factory, those laid off by it, and those laid off by other companies in the same region (Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi Province). We measured stress levels using the worker's stress response inventory (WSRI) and heart rate variability (HRV), and assessed workers' satisfaction with the counseling services. Results: 502 workers participated in the program. Fifty-seven percent of them consulted with occupational problems. The mean WSRI score of the workers remaining employed in the automobile factory was higher than that of the unemployed (employed: $39.8{\pm}19.9$ unemployed: $29.3{\pm}18.8$). Ninety-five percent of workers responded that they were satisfied or very satisfied with the counseling services. Conclusions: This study suggests the urgent need for the establishment of a national crisis intervention program dedicated to supporting workers in severely stressful situations.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2021

For the implementation of innovative products or services companies use different innovation strategies, in particular, outsourcing is quite widespread, given the high level of specialization and professionalism of companies that provide such services. The aim of this article was to evaluate the link between outsourcing of innovative activities and indicators of companies' efficiency. The methodology of the research includes the methods of correlation analysis and regression analysis to reveal the correlation between the use of outsourcing of innovative products and services and the turnover of the EU enterprises. The results show a high level of innovative activity of EU enterprises (50.3% innovatively active). Innovative business processes are the most widespread form of innovation activity (41% of enterprises implement business processes, and the indicator is higher than 41% in the most developed EU countries). The turnover of enterprises with new or substantially improved products was found to grow by 10.92% for the period 2016-2018. The correlation analysis shows weak direct links between the indicator of turnover growth and the number of enterprises that have independently implemented innovations, or have implemented innovations jointly with third-party companies, or using outsourcing services. The highest level of direct connection was found between the growth of turnover of enterprises that launched a new product for the market and the growth of the number of enterprises that implemented innovations with the involvement of organizations (correlation 0.273). Based on the regression analysis it was found that with a 1% change in the growth rate of the number of innovation-active enterprises, the growth rate of turnover from new or improved products increased by 5.67%. At the same time, with a 1% change in the growth rate of the number of enterprises that implement innovation through outsourcing, the growth rate of turnover from new or improved products will increase by 7.15%.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.660-661
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• 2015

Building Information Modeling (BIM) is a nascent technology in Korea, and currently lacks formal guidelines to assist Architectural and Engineering (AE) firms in estimating BIM service fees, while also allowing government agencies to allocate budgets for the rendered BIM services. This research provides a method to estimate costs for BIM services based on the cost-plus pricing framework. The approach requires a generalized estimate of the man hour per floor area data to calculate the direct labor costs. Man-hour data were collected from forty five projects that have implemented BIM. Interpolation of the man-hours was performed to develop a general reference table for 'Type 2' (i.e., public schools and office buildings, etc.) projects. By providing an objective approach for estimating the costs of BIM services, it allows clients and AE firms to agree upon a fair cost for BIM related services, and thus expedite its adoption in Korea.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.41-53
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• 2018

Purpose: This study was conducted to identify the factors affecting on unmet healthcare needs of married immigrant women, especially who are working in South Korea. Methods: It is designed as a cross-sectional descriptive study. We analyzed data from 8,142 working married immigrant women to the 'National Survey of Multicultural Families 2015.' Based on Andersen's health behavior model, logistic regression was conducted to determine the predictors of unmet healthcare need. Results: The prevalence of unmet healthcare needs among the subjects was 11.6%. In multivariate analysis, significant predictors of unmet needs included existence of preschooler, country of origin, period of residence in predisposing factors, monthly household income, helpful social relationship, social discrimination, Korean proficiency, working hour per week in enabling factors, and self-rated health, experience of grief or desperation in need factors. Conclusion: The association between labor-related factors and unmet healthcare needs of marriage immigrant women currently working was found from nationally representative sample. Support policies for immigrant women working more than legally defined hours and having preschooler should be supplemented to reduce unmet healthcare needs. In addition, eradicating discrimination in workplace, enlarging social relationship, and developing culturally competent nursing services tailored to health problems caused by labor are needed.

• 한국사회복지학
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• 제46권
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• pp.427-458
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• 2001

The present study is designed to trace the successful reform steps taken within the employment support system in the UK and to extract a set of instructive implications for Korea's future reform path towards an efficient employment support system conductive to youth employment by setting out an analytical framework that links the British experience to the Korean context. To this end, this study focuses on three major aspects of employment support system: delivery mechanism, method of delivery, and programs. Implications drawn from the comparative analysis are as follows. First, the current employment support services in Korea-including job placement service, vocational training, and public works-should be more tightly integrated and delivered in a more consistent fashion in order to become highly accessible to the unemployed. Second, the cooperative network between employment service providers and the corporate sector as demander of labor should be institutionalized in order to make the employment support system more responsive to labor demand. Third, to create an enhanced employment support system that counts in individual differences of the unemployed would require continued, in-depth consultation and case management services along with fully specialized employment caseworkers who would provide them. Fourth, the government should take the initiative and be unflaggingly supportive both institutionally and financially in making future efforts to continuously improve the employment support system on the basis of the implications mentioned above.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2023

본 연구는 4차 산업혁명이라는 변화의 물결 속에서 베이비부머 세대가 맞이할 가사노동과 돌봄의 미래를 예측하고 그 대응 방안을 모색하는 데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 미래 연구방법론인 시나리오 플래닝 기법을 적용하여 베이비부머 세대의 가사노동과 돌봄의 변화 동인을 파악하고, 노인 및 가족복지 전문가를 대상으로 변화 요인을 조사한 후 조사결과와 연구진의 의견을 토대로 '가사노동 대체 가능성'과 '가족관계 강도'라는 핵심동인을 도출하였다. 도출된 핵심동인을 토대로 '가사노동 대체 가능성의 낮음 대 높음'과 '가족관계 약화 대 강화'라는 두 개의 축을 기준으로 10년 후 베이비부머 세대의 가사노동과 돌봄에 대한 4개의 미래 시나리오를 제시하였다. 첫 번째 시나리오는 가사노동의 대체 가능성은 크며 가족관계는 약한 '자기 돌봄 형태의 가족 지향', 두 번째 시나리오는 가사노동의 대체 가능성이 높고 가족관계가 강하게 유지되는 '유연한 형태의 가족 지향', 세 번째 시나리오는 가사노동 대체 가능성이 낮고 가족관계는 강하게 유지되는 '전통적 형태의 가족 지향', 네 번째 시나리오는 두 가지 모두가 낮게 나타나는 '공적 돌봄 형태의 가족 지향'이었다. 본 연구 결과는 베이비부머 세대를 위한 다양한 상품과 서비스 개발, 노인정책 수립, 베이비부머 세대의 성공적인 노화를 위한 프로그램 개발의 기초자료로 활용될 것이며, 이를 통해 초고령사회를 안정적으로 대비해 가는데 긍정적인 기여를 할 것이다.

• 페미니즘연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.49-83
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• 2011

이 글은 복지국가의 핵심적 키워드인 '돌봄'과 '돌봄노동'의 특성을 살펴보면서, 여성들 간의 차이에 주목하여 '돌봄노동'의 제도화 방식을 살펴보고자 했다. '돌봄'은 도덕성의 표현이자 구체적인 노동을 수반하는 행위로 정의할 수 있으나, 복지국가에서의 돌봄노동은 '의존자를 돌보는 활동'으로 제한하여 가사노동과 조작적으로 분리하는 것이 정책적 제도화에 유용한 것으로 보았다. 돌봄노동은 동기적 측면에서 시장노동과 구분되지만 정서적이고 도덕적인 특성 그 자체는 표준화되거나 상품화되는데 한계가 있다는 점을 인식하고, 돌봄 제공자에게 정서적 동기를 부과하는 것은 현실적이지 않음을 지적했다. 여성의 가족 내 무급 돌봄 책임을 탈가족화를 통해 제도화하는 복지국가는 돌봄 노동에 대한 급여지급과 사회적 서비스 확대를 통해 구체화되는데, 이러한 돌봄노동의 제도화방식은 여성임금노동자와 여성전업주부, 돌봄 제공자와 돌봄 이용자로서의 여성, 그리고 여성계층의 양극화와 같은 여성내부의 차이에 영향을 주게 된다. 현금급여 중심의 돌봄노동 제도화는 가족 내 성별분업을 강화할 수 있으며, 전근대적이며 불평등한 권력관계의 노동과정을 가져올 가능성이 높고, 돌봄 노동력 자체를 양극화시킬 수 있으며, 더불어 좋은 일자리로서의 돌봄 일자리 확대를 어렵게 하는 문제점 등이 있다. 여성주의 진영의 복지국가운동은 '돌봄노동'의 탈가족화를 서비스 확대로 제도화하고 이와 동시에 돌봄노동의 탈성별화를 위한 정책 목록을 준비할 필요가 있다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.56-70
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• 2005

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to develop a linking model between industrial injury insurance organs and local organizations providing social welfare health services, for the activation of medical rehabilitation services for industrial injury patients. Method: Research design for this study was a multi-step research through literature review, field research, and group interviews with persons in charge, to compare local society-oriented medical rehabilitation programs. The term of researches Sep.1 ~ Nov. 30, 2004. Results: 1. Home nurses from Workers Accident Medical Corporation have been taken to be adequate to case managers, who link industrial accident insurance institutions to local society services for the activation of medical rehabilitation services for industrial injury patients. They have been chosen for case managers because they have richer understanding and experiences of objects of industrial accidents than any other specialists, and because they have proved to be able to provide direct home services as a specialist. We have established the center for case management affairs within the workers accident general hospital, organized the committee for case management with doctors in charge, doctors in rehabilitation, rehabilitation consultants, social welfare workers, physical therapists, and nurses, determined objects of case managements from those of long-term recuperation, and constructed a course of case management containing from case management plans to evaluation. 2. We have made files of community resources, and organized the council of industrial accident administration to have it in charge of the adjustment and linking of services in case management affairs. 3. Because there are inequality of community resources between areas, differences in experiences in and bases for linking, and disparity of core organizations with active linking in the system of linking between public and civil sectors, we have taken a system of linking between parallel organs to be the core. In our linking model, workers accident general hospital, hospitals designated for industrial injury, and rehabilitation hospitals are linked in parallel, inadequate long-term recuperation managers are trusted to an workers accident medical corporations through examination by the examination committee in Korea Labor Welfare Corporation, and are dealt with by the committee for case management. Of the hospitals designated for industrial accidents, those running a home caring center provide home caring services for the handicapped at home from industrial injury. 4. Workers Accident Medical Corporation take part in medical rehabilitation, and Korea Labor Welfare Corporation in vocational/social rehabilitation. Furthermore, in the model, the latter should construct a system for job opportunities through Internet portals and provide cyber vocational consultation and introduction. Conclusion: Improvement of systems is needed to apply the linking model to practical affairs. Because this model is centered for practical affairs, it should be put under the analysis of effects, and evaluation of its adequacy to practical application, and its effects and efficiency through experimental running in the 8 workers accident general hospital in Korea.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.26-38
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to estimate home care nursing cost for the patient with Cerebrovascular Disease based on a bundle of home care nursing services This study was conducted through four steps. The first step was to investigate home care nursing activities that were offered to the patient with Cerebrovascular Disease(CD) by home care nurse. The second step was to investigate the time spent on home care nursing service and to calculate labor and manufacturing cost. The third step was to calculate home care nursing cost per minute. And at the fourth step, home care nursing cost for a patient with Cerebrovascular Disease based on a bundle of home care nursing service was calculated. The results of the study were as follows: 1) The number of direct home care nursing activities for the patient with CD was 108, and the time of each activity was spent from 1 to 10 minutes. 2) Average time per visit was 51 minute, and the firs visit time were spent 1.6 times higher than 2nd visit time. 3) Nursing cost per minute(cost per visit ${\\}\;22,565\;\div\;$ average time per visit 51 minutes) was ${\\}\;442$. The cost per visit was calculated on Basic visiting cost(nurse's labor cost ${\\}\;15,760$ + management cost ${\\}\;6,805$) divided by average time per visit(51 minutes). 4) Home care nursing cost to the patient with CD based on bundle of home care nursing service was consisted of basic home care nursing cost, the cost of a bundle of service practiced on visit. and transportation fee. Basic home nursing cost(the time spent on basic home nursing service 20 minutes ${\times}$ nursing cost per minute ${\\}\;442$) was ${\\}\;8,840$. The cost of the bundle of home care nursing services to the patient with CD was calculated as self care ${\\}\;2.898$, Tracheostomy care ${\\}\;10,166$, immobility care ${\\}\;6,188$, sore care ${\\}\;6,188$. Foley care ${\\}\;6,630$, and Levin tube or Gastrostomy care ${\\}\;7.514$. Transportation fee which was composed of the labor cost for transportation(${\\}\;5,122$) and the car management cost(${\\}\;3.876$) was ${\\}\;8,998$. Home care nursing cost to the patient with CD based on bundle of home care nursing services consisted of basic home care nursing cost, the cost of a bundle of service practiced on visit, and transportation fee. It will contribute to improve quality of home care service, because of giving appreciate incentives to home care nurses. And it will be more efficient than current cost of hospital based home care. But it need to management than calculation of the current fee-for-services of home care.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.3-26
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• 2001

Competitive and reliable maritime transport services benefit the economy as a whole, and are key efficiency factors for the production of both goods and services. Although maritime transport sector is very liberalized compared to many other service sectors, certain obstacles must be overcome before full liberalization of the maritime transport can be realized. Particularly, maritime transport services in Northeast Asia are regulated by a complicated and outdated system. To remove these barkers two approaches can be used: a regional trading arrangement approach and a multilateral approach via WTO. However, multilateral efforts are not likely to be successful in achieving any concrete progress towards maritime transport liberalization in the short- to medium-term in Northeast Asia. Consequently, it may be the best to take the following two progressive approaches and to make them work towards liberalization of the maritime transport market: a bilateral approach and a trilateral approach. A gradual process of liberalization would expand the market, help operators achieve economies of scale, promote the international division of labor and specialization, enhance the effective management of shipping services, and promote the long-term interests and welfare of the user by improving service quality and diversifying services. A liberalized and integrated maritime transport market in Northeast Asia should achieve both of these long-run policy objectives by benefiting both the transport service users and the transport service providers. In order to move the maritime transport liberalization programs as quickly as possible, it is desirable to establish a "Regional Maritime Transport Liberalization Committee." We suggest it to be a Tripartite (China, Japan and Korea) Committee initially, which can later expand its membership to include other Northeast Asian countries.