• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.307-312
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• 1998

Recently the study on high flowing concrete which has high workability and Self-compacting is being proceeded actively in the university and corporative laboratory. There are some cases that has been applied to the field. This high flowing concrete has higher fluidity and segregation resistance than Plain of flowing concrete. And it is being focused as a remarkable know-how which can make high-quality concrete and reduction effect of labor force. This properties of high flowing concrete are influenced by the relationship of several factors; binder content, water binder ratio and unit water content. It is the aim of this study to propose reference data at mix design of high flowing concrete, after comparing and analyzing the fluidity and strength properties of high flowing concrete according to water binder content ratio and unit water content.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.636-641
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to analyse the ratio of cost object in terms of the disposal cost estimation. According to the results, the ratio of operating cost is the most significant object in total cost. There are a lot of differences between the disposal costs and product costs in view of their constituents. While the product costs may be classified by the direct materials cost, direct manufacturing labor cost, and factory overhead, the disposal cost factors should be constituted by the technical factors and the non-technical factors.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.24 no.69
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• pp.51-64
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• 2001

A laboratory experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of working posture. work/rest ration, and task type on the physical workload in automobile assembly jobs. Ten healthy male university students participated as subjects in the experiment. East subject performed 18 experimental session with combination of 3 working posture 3 work/rest ratio and 2 task types. To examine the effect of various working conditions on workload, DMG analysis was performed on 4 different muscles in the neck an arm area, Also RPE scale and heart rate were taken as response variables. The result showed that all working conditions considered in the experiment had significant effects on the workload concluding that labor intensity in auto assembly jobs should be adjusted with respect to different levels of working posture, work/rest ratio, and task type. Detailed analysis are presented in the paper.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.213-220
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• 2003

In this study, I analyzed dual-career commuting couples time use. Concretely, this study compared the husband with the wife on the becoming a commuter family, the living apart on weekdays. And it examined time use on weekdays and weekends by the time amount of each activities and the ratio of actor on each hour. The survey participants included 131 married people who were dual-career commuting couple and who were maintained separate residence and work place. The major findings are as follows: First, weekday separation of the dual-career commuting couples is largely due to career. This kind separation is mostly due to sociostructural labor market factor and individual factor to increasing working women. Second, 94.6%(53) of male participants were resident living apart from their family on weekdays. Third, the most wives mentioned some kind of emotional liberation such as freedom on weekdays. Finally, there was gender difference in the time spent on each activities when dual-career commuting couples are living together and they are apart. Especially the most gender difference on weekdays is household work time and leisure time.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.79-89
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• 2006

Current removing process is labor intensive and time consuming, employing a conventional grinding type manual machine. From a social and economic point of views, these kinds of manual tasks bring about social inconvenience and economic loss including traffic jam and high labor costs. The objective of the study was to develop and evaluate a road stripe removal equipment using water jet technology. The following shows the results. First, It was analyzed that the obtainable productivity from the equipment developed in the study is 280% compared to the current equipment. In this study, it was also calculated the Benefit/Cost Ratio and the result showed that the ratio is 3.28, so it is expected that the equipment can produce great benefits for the relevant companies. Second, an analysis was also conducted on the traffic congestion cost, and the equipment could save about \2,550 million per day compared to the conventional equipment. Therefore, it is analyzed that the economic viability of the equipment is sufficient.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-20
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to find the determinant variables to make profitability in regional public hospitals. The data come from financial statements and annual reports of 34 regional public hospitals for five years (from year 2003 to year 2007). The T or F-test and hierarchical multiple regression analysis are used. The dependant variables are the profitability indicators, ordinary income to total asset and operating margin to gross revenue, and the independent variables are general characteristics, diagnosis and treatment patterns, financial and public benefits. The findings of this study are summarized as follows. First, Variables affecting the profitability indexes revealed from DEA results is the bed occupancy rate, number of hospitalized patients to outpatients, ratio of first medical examination for outpatients, number of daily patients per medical specialist, labor cost per patient and managerial expenses per patient. Second, the ordinary income to total asset representing the asset usage performance is affected by the average hospitalized days, bed occupancy rate, labor cost per patient and ratio of patients with medical insurance coverage. Third, the operating martin to gross revenue obtained from the actual operations of hospitals has its significance with the bed occupancy rate, number of hospitalized patients to outpatients, managerial expenses per patient and public benefit indicator. This study has some restriction not to use pannel data analysis, although it used data for five years. Accordingly, various additional studies should be done to supplement such problems.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.823-835
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• 2010

The research aimed to measure the efficiency of using multi stores in a foodservice company using by DEA (data envelopment analysis) which is a new management science technique. The study also attempted to identify relevant variables affecting DEA efficiency in order to suggest methods for improving efficiency. The data were collected from 148 contract foodservice operations, which were operated in similar fashion in October 2009. The DEA efficiency was calculated as an output-oriented BCC Model. Sales, and CSI (customer satisfaction index) were used as output variables whereas food cost, labor cost, and management expense were used as input variables to calculate the DEA efficiency. Operation process variables of the unit consisted of the were consist of ratio of regular employee, ratio of housekeeper, meal counts, meal price, food cost per meal, contract period, number of menu items, forecasting accuracy, order accuracy, inventory turnover, use of processed food, deviation of food cost, number of new menus, and number of events. According to the BCC score and profitability, units were classified into four groups: High efficiency-high profitability (HEHP), High efficiency-low profitability (HELP), Low efficiency-high profitability (LEHP), and Low efficiency-low profitability (LELP). The HEHP group contained 54 units, which mostly contracted management fee type and had a high meal price. The units were also very large and, served three meals. Twenty of the units were operated with high labor cost: most of these were factories and hospitals. The LEHP group contained 20 units, that were mainly office stores of large scale and medium price. Fifty-four LELP group had a low meal price. A high performance group must have high efficiency, profitability, and satisfaction. The BCC score was over 0.969, the meal price was over 4,116 won, the food cost was over 2,077 won, and meal counts per month were over 10,212 meals.

• Korean Journal of Labor Studies
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.197-220
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• 2017

This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of increasing import penetration on the job stability of Korean workers. The main results are as follows. First, import penetration negatively affects job stability. If an industry's ratio of imports to total supply increases by 1 percentage point, the turnover probability of workers in that industry increases by 4.5 percentage points. Second, the effect of trade liberalization is not symmetric between imports and exports. Unlike the case of imports, an industry's ratio of exports to output does not have a significant effect on job stability. Third, the impact of import penetration is not uniform across different types of workers. The negative impact is greater for workers in small firms, less educated workers, and those not protected by labor unions.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.5-11
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• 1981

This analysis has been conducted for 8 chemical plants built in Korea during 1975-1976 and the results have been compared with those in U.S.A. observed by Kenneth M. Guthrie. Equipment and materials supplied by domestic makers are limited in activity field and occupy only 12% of all equipment and material cost. However, unit costs of most materials supplied by home such as cement, steel, cables and carbon steel pipes, etc. being relatively cheaper than those of abroad, their effects on material-to-equipment ratios are apparent. There is a deep difference in labor wage rates between Korea and U.S.A. as much as 16 times. However, the labor productivity observed in these model projects is in the range of 1.1-1.4 to the Gulf Coast, U.S.A. during the same period. And this low wage rate and relatively high productivity have the greatest influence on deviation of Korean cost structure from that of U.S.A. In these model projects, engineering and construction management was conducted by foreign contractors (mostly U.S.A.), and the resulting project indirect cost amounts to 7.5 times as high as most cases executed by Korean contractors alone. Weighted percentage of each component and L/M-ratio by activities of direct field cost derived from this analysis are shown in detail in Tables 2 and 5 to provide a basis for futher study and comparison.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.29 no.5 s.106
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• pp.433-440
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• 2004

Worldwide consumption of vegetable soybean has been increasing recently, but in the process of vegetable soybean production, threshing and separation work accounts fur about $80\%$ of overall labor. Therefore, developing of the vegetable soybean thresher is necessary to reduce the cost of labor. The main objective of this study is to acquire the basic in-formations for design of the vegetable soybean thresher which is suitable for domestic circumstances. We made the experimental system to investigate the threshing and separating performance at the several speeds of threshing cylinder and separating blower according to the kinds of threshing tooth. The result are as follows; Threshing performance of vegetable soybean thresher was shown as the best in case the threshing tooth made of rubber which has the 80 of Shore hardness was used at the circumference speed of cylinder of 5.8$\~$8.1m/s. Also separating cleaning performance of vegetable soybean thresher was shown as the best at more than 1,300 rpm of blower speed and $60\~80\%$ of opening ratio of suction port.