• 한국사회복지학
• /
• 제66권3호
• /
• pp.185-208
• /
• 2014

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 공공부조제도에서 근로연령대 빈곤인구의 빈곤 탈출과 노동시장에 통합을 촉지 또는 저해하는 요인이 무엇인지를 실증적으로 분석하는 데 있다. 한국보건사회연구원의 복지패널 자료를 활용하여 분석한 결과, 한국의 근로연령대 기초생활보장수급자들의 기간 의존성이 나타나고 있지만, 이는 수급기간이 길어짐에 따라서 복지의존성이 강화되었기 때문이라기보다는 장기 수급의존층의 경우 수급 탈출에 취약한 조건들을 가지고 있기 때문이라는 점을 확인하였다. 특히 수급자들이 빈곤으로부터 탈출해서 노동시장으로 이행하는 데 장애로 작용하는 요인들을 분석한 결과, 인적자본이나 사회적 자본과 같은 특성보다는 청년피부양가구구성원의 존재 여부나 직업알선서비스 참여 여부가 빈곤탈출에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 수급으로부터의 탈출이 교육-의료 서비스가 수급여부와 연계되어 있다는 수급제도의 특성이나 적극적 노동시장프로그램의 성격과 같은 제도-정책의 요인이 크게 작용하고 있다는 것을 의미한다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제21권5호
• /
• pp.160-167
• /
• 2021

The authors of the article investigate the impact of digitalization on the forms change of employment and the labor market in the modern conditions. It is substantiated that digitalization processes directly affect the change of forms of employment and the range of occupations in the labor market, as well as the change of jobs. The positive and negative consequences of changing forms of employment for the economy in the process of digital transformation are analyzed, which include: reduction of personnel costs by employers; dissemination of non-standard, informal employment (electronic freelance, electronic outsourcing, start-employment); enabling employees to manage their working hours; increasing unemployment and imbalance of supply and demand in the labor market; reduction of productivity of enterprises, as a result of reduced productivity of workers with non-standard forms of employment, or with a negative indirect impact on productivity. A model for managing the process of digitalization in the labor market of Ukraine under different scenarios of their implementation, namely evolutionary and forced is devoted. To recognize the possible change in the level of employment in connection with the implementation of the forced scenario of digitalization in Ukraine, a model for estimating probable changes in the labor market is proposed. The directions of development of the state strategy of prevention of risks of reduction of number of workplaces in the course of digitalization are outlined.

• Journal of Korea Trade
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.115-130
• /
• 2019

Purpose - This paper examines the impact of labor market regulations on FDI and the production of foreign firms. Design/methodology - We use an index of employment protection along with data on the FDI and production of foreign affiliates that are provided by the OECD. Findings - The empirical results show that strict employment protection discourages both the production and initial entry of foreign firms, with its impact on production being larger than that on the initial entry decision. The result is robust to various specifications in which instrumental variable estimations are used by applying a unionization rate and a severance pay for redundancy dismissal as instruments, respectively. Therefore, policymakers should not limit their focus to tax incentives, cash grants, and relaxation of market regulations, but they should also extend their attention to labor market deregulation and decreasing non-wage cost to attract more foreign firms into their countries. Originality/value - This paper attempts to answer the question on the impact of employment protection rules on the foreign firm's decisions regarding production as well as initial entry.

• Asia Pacific Journal of Business Review
• /
• 제4권2호
• /
• pp.23-33
• /
• 2020

Uzbekistan has been gradually integrating into the world economy since gaining its independence back in 1991. The need to integrate stems from the desire to advance the national economy and social well-being of population through importing advanced technologies or stimulating exports. However, opening up the country also meant exposure to increase in the mobility of its human capital. As a result, Uzbekistan has witnessed labor migration in and out of the country in the past couple of decades, driven by various causes, which is having inevitable social and economic implications for the country. Intensifying processes in contemporary international labor market make migration as a mechanism, which has a back-to-back impact onto and from economic development of a country. From developing countries' perspective, international labor migration is an instrument for reducing tension in national labor markets, decreasing high rates of unemployment and expanding sources of income. From developed countries' perspective, international labor migration helps solve demographic problems like decreasing number of population, aging of population and shortage of labor force. Thus, this processes turned into a mechanism or a system, which is not possible to ignore. Uzbekistan, in particular, is increasing its participation in the international labor market due to its high rates of population growth and young population.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.5-42
• /
• 1997

이 논문은 출산을 전후한 시기에 있는 여성의 노동시장 전출입(labor market transitions)에 관한 필자의 일련의 연구들 중 일부이다. 여성 노동시장에 관한 기존의 이론들을 통합하여 하나의 모델을 제시하고, 노동시장 이탈과 진입의 문제를 다루는 데 적합한 통계적 기법을 소개하였다. 상당수의 여성이 일생을 통하여 적어도 한번씩은 생산노동에 참여하는 현실 속에서 이제 중요한 문제는 노동의 지속과 단절의 문제이다. 이 문제는 여성의 노동시장행위에 대한 동태적인 분석을 요구한다. 본 연구는 응답자의 취업사(work history)와 가족형성사를 장기적으로 관찰한 자료를 이용하고 시간 또는 기간이라는 측면을 분석의 틀에 포함시킨 연구방법을 사용하여 노동의 지속과 단절을 좀더 원래의 개념에 충실하게 포착하였다. 탐색적 분석방법으로 출산을 전후한 시기 여성의 고용단절과 재취업의 행위가 각각 임신, 출산으로부터의 기간에 따라 어떤 패턴으로 나타나는지 살펴보았다. 이 시기 여성의 노동시장 이탈과 진입의 행위는 시간에 따라 일정하게 증가하거나 감소하는 추세를 띠고 있지 않으므로 '사건사분석'(event history analysis)에서 '기간의존성'(duration dependence)을 가정할 때 특별한 주의가 필요하기 때문이다. 탐색적 분석에서 드러난 노동시장행위의 패턴이 어떤 요인에 의해 영향을 받는지를 알아보기 위하여 가설을 세우고 이를 검증하였다. 가족의 수입과 자신의 임금에 대한 경제적 고려 외에 교육을 통해 얻게 되는 경제적 독립과 평등한 성역할에 대한 의지, 그리고 거시적인 경제 여건과 직업의 특성에 의해 조건지워지는 구조적 요인 등을 살펴봄으로써 '인적자본론'의 한계를 짚어 보았다.

• 경영과정보연구
• /
• 제14권
• /
• pp.117-132
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to propose empirically the improvement measures of labor conditions of the contingent worker. Since early 1980s, the labour market in Korea has given rise to a rapid growth in contingent worker. Last year, the number has shot over 7 million mark, with the ratio standing above the 50%. This study analyses the improvement measures of labor conditions of the contingent worker. This study present five major improvement measures of labor conditions of the contingent worker. First, It's establish of the relations between organizational flexibility of the labour market and the contingent worker. Second, It's needs to realize wages level of the contingent worker. Third, the contingent worker convert standard workforce step by step. Fourth, it's make no discrimination of the between contingent worker and standard workforce. Fifthly, the government place restrictions of the contingent worker rates.

• 한국인구학
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.5-44
• /
• 1996

여성, 특히 기혼여성의 사회적 참여는 해마다 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있으며, 이들을 좀 더 적극적으로 활용하려는 정책적 관심도 증대되고 있다. 그러나 기혼여성 노동력의 노동시장 참여를 걸정짓는 요인에 대한 분석은 매우 부진했으며, 특히 가사분담과 생애주기에 따른 가족내 재생산노동의 수요변화 등에 동태적인 변화에 대한 경험적 분석은 매우 미미하였다. 이 연구는 여성의 노동시장 참여에 관한 개인사적 자료를 활용하여 여성의 재생산노동과 생산노동간의 연관성, 그리고 생애주기에 따른 가족내 여성의 변화 등이 여성의 노동시장 참여에 미치는 영향에 관하여 사건사분석의 방법론을 활용하여 경험적인 분석을 행하였다. 한국여성개발원이 1991년도에 수집한 '제2차 여성취업실태 조사' 자료를 토대로 도시지역에 거주하는 여성들만을 대상으로 분석하였고, 분석방법으로는 횡단면자료를 중심으로는 로짓분석을, 취업과 비취업간의 전환에 대해서는 전환율을 종속변수로 하는 콕스회귀 분석을 시행하였다. 그 결과 여성의 노동시장 참여가 전반적인 증대에도 불구하고 나이, 코호트, 가족형성의 주기 등에 따라 상당한 편차를 나타내고 있다. 특히 결혼과 출산은 고용의 지속성에 강한 부정적 영향을 미치며, 가사노동과 육아 책임의 대부분을 여성이 부담하는 상황에서 가족내 재생산과 노동시장내 생산노동간의 상호교환관계(trade-off)가 존재함을 보여준다. 여성의 취업주기는 개인의 인적 특성과 가족형성기의 특징 이외에 전반적인 노동시장구조의 영향을 받고 있는 것으로 나타내는데, 특히 하층 저학력 여성의 전환과정은 신경제학적 개념이, 고학력 여성의 비취업으로의 강한 회귀현상은 신구조주의적 관점에서 이해되어야 할 사항이다. 이 연구의 결과는 여성의 노동시장 참여를 제고하고 취업의 질을 높이기 위해서는 가족형성주기와 연관된 여성들의 기회비용를 낮추는 방법, 예를 들면 다양한 탁아 및 보육시설의 설치, 차별적 고용관행의 폐지, 유연한 시간근무를 가능케 하는 다양한 파트타임제의 확대 등과 같은 정책이 필요함을 시사하고 있다.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• 제22권3호
• /
• pp.67-76
• /
• 2022

COVID-19 struck labor markets around the world, exposing and exacerbating the gender inequalities within the human capital structure. The last, in its turn, jeopardizes the return of the national economies to the growth trajectory undermined by pandemic impact. The authors assume that COVID-19 disproportionately affected the employment rates of women and men, which led to increased gender inequality in the labor market, which, in turn, affected GDP growth rates in the EU. To prove this hypothesis two research questions are discovered: 1) whether there was a different correlation between the number of COVID-19 cases in the EU and indicators of the labor market for women and men; and 2) whether there was a link between the growth of gender inequality in the EU labor market and the GDP dynamics in these countries. The analysis of the correlation between the number of cases of COVID-19 and indicators of the labor market in the EU revealed faster growth of women's unemployment rates compared to men's ones as the COVID-19 incidence unfolded. Multiple linear regression and factor analysis have been used to investigate the influence of gender inequality in the labor market on GDP dynamics. Despite the methodological limitations, the proposed model is both a sound argument and an analytical basis in favor of gender-responsive economic recovery backed by the systematic and consistent gender equality policy of a government.

• 농촌지도와개발
• /
• 제28권3호
• /
• pp.153-165
• /
• 2021

This study aims to analyze the difference in production elasticity based on the types of agricultural labor input regarding its qualitative difference in Jeju mandarin production. To estimate the production function of qualityadjusted labor, we have set up a Quality-Adjusted Index based on the market wage of the agricultural field. We have conducted a multiple regression analysis of the newly estimated labor inputs using the Ordinary Least Squares regression. Results show that the production efficiency of aggregate total labor hours (quality-unadjusted labor input) is overestimated compared to quality-adjusted labor with qualitative labor homogeneity. Moreover, by analyzing household labor and employment labor, we have observed that the marginal productivity of household labor exceeds that of employment labor. In conclusion, this study verifies that securing labor input homogeneity is crucial for analyzing agricultural labor hours' economic efficiency accurately.

• East Asian Economic Review
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.273-309
• /
• 2021

The development of regulatory systems varies between transition and non-transition economies. This suggests that they provide different incentives for entrepreneurial development and could have varied effects on the economy because they have different methods to deal with market failure. However, limited empirical evidence exists to prove the assumption of dichotomy. Using comprehensive data for institutional quality, labor market and financial market development, this research sought to analyze their effect on employment growth at micro level. The results show that the quality of institutions in transition economies are poorer relative to those in non-transition economies, but their financial and labor markets are more developed than the latter. Further analysis for the transition sample shows that the three variables are individually positively related with employment growth. For the non-transition sample, institutional quality and labor market flexibility bear a positive and significant effect on employment. Financial market development enters the model with a negative coefficient when regressed alone, but a joint test of significance finds that all the variables have a positive effect on employment growth. This result could imply that there is interdependence between institutional quality, labor flexibility and financial market development in firm-employment-growth relationship, or complementarity between regulations and the quality of institutions. Alternatively, this finding suggests that a stringently regulated credit market in non-transition economies have a selection effect-allocating credit only to entrepreneurs who already demonstrate strong growth potential. In sum, despite differences in the evolution of regulatory environment between the two samples, both of them complement employment growth at firm level. The overall implication of these findings is that less rigid regulations and coherent policies that are enforced with impartiality provide incentives for firms to expand.