• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.5-41
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• 1998

Over the past 30 years, Korea experienced demographic transition which typically substitutes quality(education) for quantity(number) of population. This paper decomposed labor supply into quantity and quality aspects and estimated the respective employment elasticities of economic growth in the past. Then, based on the assumptions about the future population (by age, sex and education) and labor force participation rates, the future labor supply(both quantity and quality) is projected and growth potential of the Korean economy is evaluated. The result shows that labor supply in Korea is relying gradually more on the qualitative rather than the quantitative aspect but since the increase in the former will not fully compensate the decrease in the latter, the potential growth rate of the Korean economy will be substantially reduced in the futrue.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.452-461
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• 2021

Background: The prevailing global work scenario and deteriorating health facilities in economies indulge the risk perspective in the labor market model. This is the reason that the risk factor is cautiously attributed to wages and labor market efficiencies specifically in developing and emerging economies. In this respect, Occupational Injuries of Workers (OIW) is considered essential to demonstrate the risk and Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) setups given the constraints of the labor. Intuitively, the prime objective of this study is to make an assessment of the labor market considering the OIW through the indicators of industry division, employment status, occupational distribution, adopted treatment, gender and regionality. Methods: The assessment strategy of the study has been categorized into trend analysis and Index Value Calculation (IVC) segments employing the data from 2001 to 2018. Results: The pattern of the selected indicators of the OIW has been observed in the available data while the IVC estimations are considered through time and reference categories. The findings of both exercises revealed absolute and relative heterogeneities at both industry and occupational levels. Conclusion: The consistency for gender and regional distribution of both assessments points out the need for effective policy initiatives. The study suggests separate analyses of industry and occupations for a better understanding of the OHS setups and up-gradation in Pakistan.

• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.87-102
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• 2022

In Japan, the population progresses to the extreme aging society and it is entering the phase of the population decrease while the population increase is continuing in the world. The construction market is expected to shrink accordingly, however the situation of labor shortage is expected to continue at a faster rate, because the aging of construction workers is progressing and new younger labor force cannot be secured. In order to supplement the labor shortage, it is required to progress mechanization, automation, labor saving, and efficiency improvement by utilizing the information well in each stage in a series of flow of planning, design, construction, operation, and disassembly in one building. The measures to maintain and expand the construction market by the new efficiency improvement techniques which enhance the utilization degree of building information are required. Currently, the elemental technologies which utilized BIM (Building Information Modeling) are accumulated by advancing digitization in each phase. DX (Digital transformation) in the construction industry can be achieved by the technology maturing and having a series of continuities. It is anticipated that this will evolve to a new method which is unprecedented. Present status of BIM and mechanized constructions in Taisei Construction are introduced, and future prospect is described.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.241-251
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• 2022

As a 4th industrial revolution technology, robots are changing the form of labor market and trade in Korea. In the future, changes in the international trade order are expected to move in the direction of shortening global supply chains and restricting trade between countries. Accordingly, reshoring of relocating overseas production facilities to Korea or near-shoring of relocating overseas production facilities to neighboring allies may expand. In this context, this study analyzed the impact of robot introduction on the domestic labor market and trade based on firm-level data. As a result of analysis based on the 'business activity data' accumulated from 2017 to 2019, the introduction of robot technology was analyzed to expand low-wage, low-skilled employment. Analysis on trade shows that the introduction of robots decreases exports and increases imports. In order to expand exports through the technology of the 4th industrial revolution, employment expansion and robot introduction should occur at the same time, rather than replacing the labor force with robots. In addition, it is thought that reshoring's goal of risk management can be achieved when a stable supply chain for imports of raw materials or essential goods, which are difficult to transfer to Korea, is established together.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.60 no.3
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• pp.31-58
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• 2008

This study examines applying the elderly poverty labor hypothesis and skill-biased technological change hypothesis to labor force participation rate(LFPR) of older males in Korea. These hypotheses have hardly been examined on the this group. The analysis is based on the data "Summary of economically active population($1965{\sim}2007$)", "Population projection($1965{\sim}2007$)", "Report on wage structure survey($1993{\sim}2005$)" and "Korea Labor and Income Panel Study($1998{\sim}2006$)". The method employed for this study is logistic regression. The main results from this analysis are summarized in five points. Firstly, Korean older males' LFPR have been increasing since 1965 when industrialization was expanding at full steam. This trend has been different from the decreasing trend of industrialized countries. The second finding is that poor older males' LFPR is, on the average, 5.2% higher than that of non-poor older males from 1998 to 2005. The third result is that the non-elderly man has been increasingly positioned at higher grade occupations, while the elderly man has been held at lower grade occupations. The fourth is that labor demand for highly educated workers has exceeded the increased labor supply of the group, while the demand for low educated workers has decreased far beyond the declined labor supply. As a result, college premium has increased from 139% in 1993 to 157.8% in 2005. The final main implication of this study is that the industrialization theory and modernization hypothesis still holds for the LFPR of Korean older males. However, the elderly affluence hypothesis of the LFPR of older males are hardly persuasive in explaining Korean phenomenon. Especially, we find that the elderly poverty is the main mechanism in determining the Korean LFPR in old ages. This supports the elderly poverty labor hypothesis presented in this study. Skill-biased technological change hypothesis partially explains the LFPR of older man. However, we believe that other factors; human capital specially high school education rather than university education and skill required in less skill biased occupations or the poverty; also have taken effect.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.49-63
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• 2023

This study investigates the occupational mobility patterns of young wage employees at the local level of the labor market and empirically examines the interplay between worker-level and local labor market-level determinants between 2010 and 2020. The 4th to 14th waves of the Youth Panel 2007 were integrated with the Korea Network for Occupations and Workers and the Local Area Labor Force Survey for estimation using hierarchical linear model. Our results indicate that Gross Regional Domestic Product per capita is key determinant of occupational upward mobility. Also, Estimates of employment size, population density, and the unemployment rate of local labor market have different effects depending on the education level and occupational location of youth workers, suggesting that the effects of structural factors of local labor market may not be distributed equally among all youth wage workers. The findings have policy implications regarding the recent rise in inequality and polarization in local labor markets.

• Journal of Labour Economics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.63-94
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• 2001

Based on the human capital theory, the wage differentials among laborers are generated from the discrepancy of human capital stock which depends on individual laborer's decision. Hence, the wage differentials among laborers or between male and female are not the results of discrimination, but the results of individual choice. But, if the individual choice for human capital stock would be affected by the male-female discrimination, the explanation for male-female wage differentials base on the human capital stock has a bias. Actually, women have experienced in the discrimination on labor market participation due to gravity, parturition, infant rearing. Also, it is a fact that women have been discriminated against men in labor market owing to social, traditional, and cultural discriminations. If woman or her parent will less invest on human capital than man owing to the existence of discrimination in labor market, the 'expected human capital stock' instead of human capital stock will explain male-female wage differentials better. Therefore, in this study, we set up three models; first model includes working hours, industry, occupation, etc which are in general used as explanatory variables for wage decision, second model includes the variables which reflect the traditional human capital stock together with the first model's explanatory variables, third model employes the 'expected human capital stock' instead of traditional human capital stock. From the empirical test, the estimates of discrimination in three models are .93, .60, and, .48 respectively. This result implies that the male-female wage differentials in Korea can be explained by the discrepancy of 'expected human capital stock'. Since the discrepancy in expected human capital stock depend on the disparity in life-cycle labor force participation, male-female wage differentials can largely be attributed to male-female disparity in expected lifetime labor force participation.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.199-216
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• 2010

The objectives of this study are to provide advices and methods for cultivating labor in the digital cultural contents industry in the Chung-Nam Province. For the purpose of this study, review of theoretical and practical literature, identifying the present status of affairs, and three times FGI and surveys were executed. The results of research show a lack of professional labor in the digital cultural contents industry; even so most of laborers want to get a job in or around the Seoul region. To activate digital cultural contents in the local area, a development model for the Chung-Nam digital cultural contents industry was introduced and four strategies were also suggested. The nurture of a professional skilled labor force through a strategically designed joint relationship between university and companies in the digital cultural contents industry was found to be quite necessary. In this way, the need for specialized training and education in the university classroom can be supported.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.67-82
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• 2001

This article was carried out to clarify the change in the weaving labor and the status of women from pre-industrial society to industrial society. For the purpose, this study made use of literature review. It was founded that women in pre-industrial society had weaved not only for private use but also for payment taxes and household economy. In this sense the women in pre-industrial society had participated in productive work like the ones of industrial society who participate in labor force market. With this economic activity women had occupied the status not being evaluated low. The major conclusion was as follows. The women in pre-industrial society had maintained their own economic activity with contributed to nation and household economy, but the women in industrial society were deprived of this activity and their status was depreciated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2010.05b
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• pp.95-97
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• 2010

Current trends in the Korean construction industry, including the aging of the workforce, a lack of new Korean construction workers, and an inflow of unskilled foreign labor, have caused a range of problems, including quality deterioration, reduced productivity, insufficient understanding of the function and difficulties in communication, to name a few. Yet while countermeasures to these problems should be based on accurate and diverse fundamental data, including the current status of demand and supply of domestic and foreign construction workers, the perception of construction workers, studies on these questions have, thus far, been scarce. For these reasons, this study was conducted using a questionnaire for managers and workers on construction sites, to secure fundamental data relating to construction workers. The findings of the survey showed that it is urgent to prepare measures to educate, train and foster human resources, considering the aging of the construction workforce and the lack of an inflow of new construction workers.