• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2008

The LVC(Live, Virtual, Constructive) system of CTC(Combat Training Center) is at the very cutting edge of modeling and simulation technology, which has become widely accepted an enabler for a new military training transformation. In this paper, the architecture of LVC system is proposed for the Korean brigade-level CTC, and high level operational architecture, system architecture, and technical standard architecture are suggested.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.149-159
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• 2023

The Republic of Korea (ROK) Army is developing the Army Synthetic Battlefield Training System and plans divisional-level Live, Virtual, and Constructive (LVC) integrated training. This study proposes a plan to apply VR/AR/MR (Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality/Mixed Reality) technology to LVC integrated training systems to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of future LVC integrated training. The study investigated immersive military training systems in the ROK and advanced countries. As a result, we confirm that immersive technology can significantly improve the efficiency and effectiveness of military training. Accordingly, we review the key technologies required for building a defense training system with immersive features and propose training subjects that can be enhanced in effectiveness and efficiency when built with an immersive approach. We also propose a plan to apply immersive technology to the Live, Virtual, and Constructive systems for the development of future LVC integrated training system.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.326-334
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• 2015

This paper describes the verification and the validation about the development of the integrated interoperability system for live, virtual, and constructive simulations on the aircraft weapon system. The proposed integrated interoperability system provides the framework and application softwares for implementing a synthetic environment emulating real-world environment among distributed simulation models, which are a mission model and an air combat model of a constructive level, an tactical simulator of a virtual level, and simulated ACMI of a live level. In this paper, we verify requested functions through an developmental test and evaluation, and validate operability and usability through conducing integrated LVC scenarios on the integrated interoperability system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.38C no.12
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• pp.1228-1236
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• 2013

In this paper, we present a development framework for acquiring intelligent but complex cyber-physical weapon systems based on modeling and simulation development tools for cyber-physical systems, EcoSUITE. We introduce EcoPOD that models weapon systems and EcoSIM that provides constructive simulation environment for interoperating the weapon model to be developed with other weapon models. To develop cyber-physical weapon system based on LVC interoperation, an interoperation architecture and an interface technique for a live and a virtual system that is compliant with the interoperation architecture. By expanding EcoSuite, we provide LVC-based development framework for interoperating a real system, a human-interactive interface system, and simulation models and validate it with a case study.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.169-177
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• 2019

LVC(Live-Virtual-Constructive) training system is drawing attention due to changes in battlefield situation and the development of advanced information and communication technologies. The ROKAF(Republic of Korea Air Force) plans to construct LVC training system capable of scientific training. This paper analyzes the results of V-C interoperability test with three fighter simulators as virtual systems and a theater-level wargame model as a constructive system. The F-15K, KF-16, and FA-50 fighter simulators, which have different interoperable methods, were converted into a standard for simulation interoperability. Using the integrated field environment simulator, the fighter simulators established a mutually interoperable environment. In addition, the Changgong model, which is the representative training model of the Air Force, was converted to the standard for simulation interoperability, and the integrated model was implemented with optimized interoperability performance. Throughput experiments, It was confirmed that the fighter simulators and the war game model of the ROKAF could be interoperable with each other. The results of this study are expected to be a good reference for the future study of the ROKAF LVC training system.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2012

In the M&S filed, The Battle Lab is available for acquisition, design, development tool, validation test, and training in the weapon system of development process. Recently, the Battle Lab in the military of Korea is still in an early stage, in spite of importance of battle lab construction. In the environment of network centric warfare, a practical use of the M&S which is connecting live, virtual and constructive model can be applied to all field of System Engineering process. It is necessary thar the Battle Lab is not restricted by time and space, and is possible for the technical implementation. In this paper, to guarantee the interoperability of live and virtual simulation, virtual simulators connect live simulators by using the tactical data link. To guarantee the interoperability of virtual and constructive simulation, both virtual simulators and constructive simulators use the RTI which is the standard tool of M&S. We propose the System that constructed the Air Defence Battle Lab. In case of the approach of target tracks, The Air Defence Battle Lab is the system for the engagement based on a command of an upper system in the engagement weapon system. Constructive simulators which are target track, missile, radar, and launcher simulator connect virtual simulators which are MCRC, battalion, and fire control center simulators using the RPR-FOM 1.0 that is a kind of RTI FOM. The interoperability of virtual simulators and live simulators can be guaranteed by the connection of the tactical data links which are Link-11B and ATDL-1.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.41 no.12
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• pp.1814-1823
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• 2016

LVC(live-virtual-constructive) integrated training system is a representative cyber-physical system. Each systems in a LVC system has different time domain, resolution and operation methods. So, it is very important to integrate different middlewares as a common middleware for heterogeneous systems using inter-working GWs. Especially, since the LVC system uses different time, it is necessary to study the method for guaranteeing causality and time synchronization among the events from different systems. In this study, we propose an time synchronization scheme to integrate the virtual and constructive system which use the simulation time of HLA (High Level Architecture)/ RTI (Run Time Infrastructure) into the live system based on the OMG DDS (Data Distribution Service). We propose a precise time synchronization scheme based on HLA time management and clock federate between participants and federates which are the communication objects of DDS and HLA/RTI respectively. In addition, we verified that time is well-synchronized among heterogeneous systems using the suggested scheme by implementing and demonstrating simulation applications on each middleware.

• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.77-87
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• 2010

Currently, our society has been changed from the industrial society to the information society. As the war progresses to Information Warfare, Network-Centric Warfare, Long-Range Precision Engagement and Robot Warfare, the military should advance to High-tech Scientific force. For this creation of the war potential, it is regarded as the warfighting experiment is a critical method. Surely it is rational that LVC(Live Virtual Constructive simulation) is desirable to make the warfighting experiment. But because it is limited by the cost, the time, the place and the resource, the constructive simulation(M&S : Modeling&Simulation) is a good tool to solve those problems. There are some studies about the evaluation process for developing the model, but it is unsatisfying in the process of the constructive simulations' operation. This study focuses on the way of constructive simulation operation, which is supplied with the evaluation process(VV&A : Verification Validation & Accreditation). We introduce the example of the rear area operation simulation for "appropriateness evaluation to the organization of logistic corps" by the AWAM(Army Weapon Analysis Model). This study presents the effective methods of the constructive simulations, which is based on the reliable evaluation process, so it will contribute to the warfighting experiments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.334-342
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• 2021

In Korea, the training is performed through independent environments without interoperability among L-V-C systems. In the L system, training for large units is limited due to civil complaints at the training grounds and road restrictions. The V system is insufficient in training related to tactical training, and the C system lacks practicality due to a lack of combat friction elements. To achieve synchronicity and integration training between upper and lower units, it is necessary to establish a system to ensure integrated training for each unit by interoperating the currently operating L, V, and C systems. The interoperability between the C-C system supports Korea-US Combined Exercise. On the other hand, the actual development of the training system through the interoperability of L, V, and C has not been made. Although efforts are being made to establish the L, V, and C system centering on the Army, the joint composite battlefield and LVC integrated architecture technology are not yet secured. Therefore, this paper proposes a new plan for the future training system by designing and implementing the LVC integrated architecture technology, which is the core technology that can build the L-V-C interoperability training system. In conclusion, a division-level L-V-C interoperability training system can be established in the future by securing the LVC integrated architecture technology.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.10 no.6
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• pp.345-352
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• 2015

Recently, by developing many training systems in battle field, the demand for interconnecting and internetworking between Live, Virtual, Constructive training systems has been increased to support efficient data distribution and system control. But, there are lots of problems for them to interwork, because the existing researches only support L-L, V-V, C-C Interoperability. Therefore, we propose L-V-C gateway to provide interoperable simulation environment based on HLA and DDS between them. First, we illustrate FOM Management that parses RPR-FOM XML file to acquire Data information to be shared between them, and generates common data structure and source code used for L-V-C Gateway. L-V-C Gateway created from FOM Management supports Data Conversion and Quality of Service between HLA and DDS. HLA Federate and DDS Domainparticipant in L-V-C Gateway play a role of logical communication channel and relay data from HLA Federation to DDS Domain and vice versa.