• 농약과학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.117-123
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• 2006

빨간집모기(Culex pipiens pallens) 성충에 대한 34종 식물오일의 훈증효과를 조사하였다. 1 ${\mu}L\;L^{-1}$ air의 농도에서 60% 이상의 살충효과를 나타낸 오일은 7종(basil, coriander, fennel, pennyroyal, peppermint, thyme red, thyme white)이었고, 그 중 pennyroyal이 가장 높은 살충력을 나타냈다. 각 오일의 구성성분을 GC와 GC-MS로 분석하고 살충력을 검정한 결과, pennyroyal 오일의 주요성분인 pulegone과 basil 오일 및 fennel 오일의 주요성분인 anethole이 높은 살충력($LD_{50}$, ${\mu}L\;L^{-1}$ air=0.49)을 나타냈다. 또한 linalool($LT_{50}$, min=0.91), camphor($LT_{50}$, min=1.06), fenchone($LT_{50}$, min=1.16), 1,8-cineole($LT_{50}$, min=2.93), geranyl acetate($LT_{50}$, min=1.60)도 대조약제인 empenthrin($LT_{50}$. min=3.45)에 비해 높고 빠른 살충력을 보였다.

• BMB Reports
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• 제34권5호
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• pp.434-439
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• 2001

The effects of regular endurance exercise, or acute-exercise and rest on the levels of lipids, carnitines and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-I (CPT-I) were investigated in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The rats were exercise trained on a treadmill for 60 min per day for 60 days (long-term trained, LT), or non-trained for 59 days (NT) and exercised for 60 min on the 60th day. In NT rats, the levels of serum nonesterified carnitine (NEC), acidsoluble acylcarnitine (ASAC), and total carnitine (TONE) increased significantly during the post-exercise recovery period (PERP). In LT rats, ASAC, and TCNE, which increased right after the 60 min running session decreased to the levels of pre-exercise during the PERP. The levels of skeletal muscle ASAC in NT rats, which increased significantly by the acute-exercise, decreased to the pre-exercise levels during the PERP. However, the ASAC level in LT rats reached its peak at 4 h after running for 60 min. Liver triglyceride (TG) and total lipids (TL), which increased by the acute-exercise, decreased to the pre-exercise levels during the PERP in both NT and LT rats. CPT-I activity in NT rats increased significantly after 1 h of a 60-min exercise and slowly decreased to pre-exercise levels during the PERP. However, the CPT-I activity in LT rats, which increased significantly by the 60 min exercise, decreased slowly and reached its pre-exercise level within 8 h of the PERP. Northern blot analysis showed that the changes of CPT-I activities during the PERP coincided with changes in CPT-I mRNA levels. This study shows that both regular endurance exercise, and acute-exercise and rest, can influence differently the levels of carnitines, lipids and CPT-I in rats. The results suggest that regular endurance exercise, rather than the acute-exercise, can change effectively the distributions of carnitines, lipids and CPT-I in rats during exercise and rest.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.56-63
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• 1983

Intersection control has dual-purposes; increasing capacity and reducing delay. The primary concern of efficient intersection control under oversaturated condition as in Korea is to increase capacity. Prevailing intersection operation technique permits thru traffic to utilize left turn lane, because the intersection without left turn pocket has left turn signal interval. In this situation, it seems not to be valid to calculate capacity, delay, and signal timings by conventional methods. By critical lane technique, capacity increases as cycle length increases. However, when thru traffic utilize LT lane, the capacity varies according to LT volume, LT interval as well as cycle length, which implies that specific cycle length and LT interval exist to maximize capacity for given LT volume. The study is designed is designed to calculate utilization factors of LT lane for thru traffic and capacities, and identify signal timings to yield maximum capacity. The experimental design involved has 3 variables; 1)LT volumes at each approach(20-300 vph), 2)cycle lengths (60-220 sec), and 3)LT intervals(2.6-42 sec) for one scenario of isolated intersection crossing two 6-lanes streets. For LT volume of 50-150 vph, capacity calculated by using the utilization factor is about 25% higher than that by critical lane method. The range of optimum cycle length to yield maximum capapcity for LT volume less than 120 vph is 140-180 sec, and increases as LT volume increases. The optimum LT interval to yield maximum capacity is longer than the intrval necessary to accommodate LT volume at saturation flow rate.

• 핵의학기술
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.34-37
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• 2012

$^{18}F$-FDG 검사 시 한 bed 당 적정 스캔 시간을 정량 평가하기 위하여 Philips사 TF 64 PET/CT를 사용하였다. Phantom 실험과 환자를 대상으로 다양한 스캔 시간을 적용하며 평가를 하여 최적의 스캔 시간을 알고자 하였다. 20초 간격으로 총 5회의 서로 다른 bed 당 스캔 시간을 NEMA IEC body phantom과 환자들에게 적용하여 $^{18}F$-FDG 영상을 획득하였다. Phantom 실험의 경우 관심영역과 background의 방사능비를 8:1로 했다. 관심영역과 background 영역의 표준섭취계수(SUV)와 대조회복계수(CRC)가 계산되었다. 환자를 대상으로 한 연구에서는 평균$444{\pm}74$ MBq의 $^{18}F$-FDG가 환자에게 주사되었고 20명의 환자, 38개의 병소부위에서 표준섭취계수가 측정되었다. Background noise는 background 부분의 표준편차를 평균으로 나누어 계산되었다. Phantom 실험에서 두 그룹 (LT-60 [<60 sec]과 GT-60 [${\geq}60$ sec])을 비교한 결과 LT-60 그룹의 표준섭취계수(SUV)와 대조회복계수(CRC)가 (H1: 14.2 and 7.3, H2: 11.4 and 7.8, H3: 4.9 and 3.2), GT-60 그룹(H1: 8.9 and 2.8, H2: 8.2 and 5.0, H3: 2.0 and 1.6)에서 보다 높은 변이율을 보였다. 이는 한 bed 당 스캔시간이 60 sec 이상일 때 안정적인 표준섭취계수와 대조회복계수를 나타내는 것을 의미한다. 환자를 대상으로 한 연구에서 역시 표준섭취계수(SUV)와 대조회복계수(CRC)가 LT-60 그룹에서 높은 변이율을 보였다. PET/CT 영상에서 background noise는 bed 당 스캔시간이 증가함에 따라 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 60 sec 이하 그룹에서는 높은 background noise로 인하여 높은 SUV와 CRC 변이율을 보였다. 따라서 PET/CT 영상의 질을 고려할 때 1 bed 당 스캔시간은 최소 60 sec 이상이어야 한다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2004

The quality characteristics of baguette bread added with water extracts of Liriopis tuber(LT) and effect of the diets containing 20% dried and powered baguette with 10% LT on the level of blood sugar and lipids in the diabetes induced rat by streptozotocin were investigated. pH of the dough added with 5∼10% LT was 5.00∼5.03 which were lower than that of control(5.12). The volume of the dough with 10% LT after 2nd fermentation was the biggest. Loaf volume index of the bread with 10% LT was significantly higher than that of control. $L^{*}$ values of outside and inside of the baguette decreased in proportion to the increase of the LT, while the $a^{*}$ values increased. Color of the bread with LT showed light dark-red. There was no significant difference in hardness, but springiness and gumminess were higher in the bread with 10% LT. Sweet taste increased, color acceptability and overall taste were enhanced by addition of LT, but it did not affect the sour and astringent taste. The overeating phenomenon showed in the diabetes rat decreased in the group fed with baguette bread with LT, while feed efficiency increased by feeding of the bread with LT. The level of glucose, neutral lipid and total cholesterol in blood were 118.92,95.47 and 37.42mg/dL in the control group, 245.60, 121.54 and 102.43 mg/dL in the diabetes control, 148.40, 103.25 and 57.63 mg/dL in the baguette diet group, respectively. There was no significant difference of HTR between control group and baguette diet group, while atherogenic index was considerably decreased, which might represent improving and preventing effects of diabetes.s.s.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the nutritional status of liver transplantation (LT) recipients and explore certain factors that influence nutritional status, including dietary patterns and physical activities. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The subjects included 211 LT recipients at a medical center outpatient clinic located in Seoul, Korea. The nutritional status, dietary patterns, and physical activities of each subject were measured using the body mass index (BMI), Mini Dietary Assessment (MDA), and Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression analysis were used to analyze the data. Results: The percentages of living and deceased donor LTs were 81.0% and 19.0%, respectively. The mean BMIs pre- and post-LT were 23.88 and $23.16kg/m^2$, respectively, and the average MDA score was 36.55. More than 60.0% of the subjects had a moderate or high level of physical activity. In multivariate analysis, a higher BMI before LT (${\beta}=.72$, p<.001), a lower Model for End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score (${\beta}=-.18$, p<.001), and being male (${\beta}=-.10$, p=.024) contributed to better nutritional status post-LT. Patients within six months of LT were less engaged in muscle exercises than those post six months of LT (p=.020). Conclusion: LT recipients in Korea have good nutritional status and a good level of physical activity. To improve recipients' post-LT nutritional status, the pre-LT nutritional status should be considered, particularly in those with a higher MELD score. In addition, physical activity including muscle-strengthening exercises should be encouraged from an earlier stage.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.21-25
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• 2006

Objective: The purposes of this study are to provide fundamental data and a rehabilitation program in physical therapy. It has been operated by 30 male college students for lumbar isokinetic exercises. Method : Subjects have been carried out in an experiment by Biodex system operating isokinetic torso rotation. This performance was activated by left rotation after right rotation repeatedly. Results: 1. The mean peak torques at $60^{\circ}$/sec were $95.6{\pm}20.62$ (Rt) and $93.84{\pm}18.41$ (Lt). 2. The mean peak torques/body weight at $60^{\circ}$/sec were $69.28{\pm}28.31$ (Rt) and $67.07{\pm}27.04$ (Lt). 3. The total works in right side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $492.21{\pm}92.37$, $1294.97{\pm}278.96$ and in left side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $515.78{\pm}109.47$, $1443.74{\pm}329.67$. 4. The work to body weight ratio at $60^{\circ}$/sec was $78.30{\pm}32.37$ (Rt) and $79.93{\pm}37.30$ (Lt). 5. The average powers in right side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $76.75{\pm}16.69$, $117.19{\pm}29.94$ and in left side at $60^{\circ}$/sec and $180^{\circ}$/sec were $78.54{\pm}18.58$, $125.39{\pm}32.90$. 6. The work fatigue at $180^{\circ}$/sec was $21.76{\pm}14.82$ (Rt) and $19.66{\pm}26.23$ (Lt). Conclusion: In right side and left side, there was no significant difference in peak torque. peak torque/body weight, work to body-weight ratio, average power of trunk rotators at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p<0.05). However there was a significant difference in the total work of trunk rotators at $60^{\circ}$/sec(p>0.05). Also there was a significant difference in the average of trunk rotators at $180^{\circ}$/sec(p>0.05).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the biochemical characteristics, antibiotic susceptibility and toxin(ST, LT, VT1.2 type) production test of 60 Escherichia coli isolated from diseased domestic animals in southern area of Kyungbuk province from April to December 1997. 1. The biochemical and cultural reaction were consistent with the classification criteria of Edwards and Ewing. 2. In antibiotic susceptibility test, 60 E coli showed highly susceptible to CL(96.7%), XNL(86.7%), AN(81.7%), SXT(61.7%), Lin(55%), GM(53.3%), KM(41.7%), N(41.7%), ENR(40%), AM(40%), CF(30%), 5(13.3%) and Te(11.7%), in order. 3. Sixty E coli isolates were multiful resistant to seven or more antibiotics incombination. 4. Three strains for 60 E coli were detected heat-labile enterotoxin(LT) and that's titers were 2, 8 and 16, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.276-282
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• 2017

Purpose: This paper presents the effects of soil drought stress during the growing season and pre-harvest period on tree growth and fruit quality of "Yumi" peach, an early season cultivar. Methods: Soil drought stresses were treated with four levels of -30, -50, -60, and -70 kPa during long term (LT) and short term (ST). For LT treatments, soil water was controlled for nine weeks from May 1 to July 5, which was assumed as the full growing season. For ST treatments, soil water was controlled for four weeks from June 10 to July 5, which was assumed as the pre-harvest season. Tree growth and leaf photosynthesis were measured, and fruit characteristics such as fruit weight and diameter, soluble solid and tannin contents, and harvest date were investigated. Results: Soil water deficit treatments caused a significant reduction in tree growth, leaf photosynthesis, and fruit enlargement. LT water stress over -60 kPa during the full growing season caused significant reduction in tree growth, including shoot length, trunk girth, leaf photosynthesis, and fruit enlargement. ST water stress over -60 kPa during the pre-harvest period also induced significant reduction in leaf photosynthesis and fruit enlargement, while tree growth was not reduced. In terms of fruit quality, water stress over -50 kPa significantly reduced fruit weight, increased soluble solid and tannin contents, and delayed harvest time in both LT and ST treatments. Conclusions: As a result, it is assumed that LT water stress over -60 kPa can reduce both tree growth and fruit enlargement, whereas ST water stress over -50 kPa can reduce fruit enlargement without reducing tree growth. From an agricultural perspective, moderate water deficit like -50 kPa treatments could have positive effects, such increased fruit soluble solid contents along with minimal reduction in fruit size.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.847-853
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• 2005

A total of 60 growth curves were generated with combinations of temperature, pH, and potassium lactate (PL) (60% (v/v) commercial solution) to determine the lag time (LT) and specific growth rate (SGR) of L. monocytogenes in broth. LT and SGR were significantly (P<0.05) affected by temperature, pH, concentration of PL, or the combined interaction of these factors. LT was extended and SGR was reduced significantly (P<0.05) by increased concentration of PL at lower temperature and pH. Listericidal effect was observed in the broth containing 2, 3, and 4% PL at pH 5.0 and $4^{\circ}C$. The antimicrobial activity of PL against L. monocytogenes increased when the pH of the medium was decreased at all temperatures tested. The results suggest that PL has antimicrobial properties to suppress the growth of L. monocytogenes. Potassium lactate has many potential applications as an antimicrobial additive in variety of refrigerated ready-to-eat foods.