• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권7호
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• pp.427-442
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• 2022

MP3 is one of the most widely used file formats for encoding and representing audio data. One of the reasons for this popularity is their significant ability to reduce audio file sizes in comparison to other encoding techniques. Additionally, other reasons also include ease of implementation, its availability and good technical support. Steganography is the art of shielding the communication between two parties from the eyes of attackers. In steganography, a secret message in the form of a copyright mark, concealed communication, or serial number can be embedded in an innocuous file (e.g., computer code, video film, or audio recording), making it impossible for the wrong party to access the hidden message during the exchange of data. This paper describes a new steganography algorithm for encoding secret messages in MP3 audio files using an improved least significant bit (LSB) technique with high embedding capacity. Test results obtained shows that the efficiency of this technique is higher compared to other LSB techniques.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.863-867
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• 2021

본 논문에서는 컬러 영상의 LSB에 워터마크를 은닉하기 위하여 영상의 인접 픽셀들과 공간적 암호화 기법을 사용하여 보안성이 높은 컬러 영상 워터마킹 기법을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서 제안된 기법에 따라 컬러 영상의 LSB에 워터마크를 은닉하여 생성된 스테고 이미지의 화질은 원본 영상과 차이를 인지할 수 없을 정도로 매우 우수하고, 스테고 이미지로부터 원본 워터마크를 손실 없이 추출할 수 있다. 제안 기법을 사용하여 영상에 워터마크를 은닉하면 스테고 이미지에 은닉되어있는 워터마크는 다중으로 암호화되어있기 때문에 워터마크의 보안성이 매우 우수하게 유지된다. 제안된 워터마킹 기법은 높은 보안이 요구되는 군사, 지적 재산권 보호 등의 응용에 사용될 수 있다.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.277-282
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• 2018

인터넷 상에서 비밀 메시지의 통신 목표는 비인지성과 기밀성을 유지하는 것이다. 디지털 스테가노그래피는 메시지 존재 자체를 제3자가 감지하지 못하게 커버 매체에 비밀 메시지를 삽입하여 목적지에 전송하는 기법이다. 스테가노그래피는 암호화 기법과 혼합되어 기밀성과 무결성을 함께 보장하기 위한 효율적인 방법이다. 비밀(한글) 메시지를 삽입하기 위해 비밀 문자를 분리하고 암호표를 참고로 하여 이진화 코드로 변환하며, 커버 이미지를 두 영역으로 분할하며, 비밀 메시지와 두 번째 영역의 오른쪽 l-LSB 정보를 암호화와 교차 과정을 진행한 후 첫 번째 영역의 k-LSB에 은닉하여 스테고 이미지를 구성하는 방법을 제안한다. 제안된 방법의 실험결과는 PSNR 값이 52.62로 허용 이미지 품질 수준임을 보여준다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.485-488
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• 2020

본 논문에서는 공간적 암호화를 사용하여 영상에 소유권 정보인 워터마크를 영상 픽셀의 LSB에 안전하게 은닉하는 기법을 제안하였다. 제안된 워터마킹 기법은 영상의 지적재산권 보호에 효과적으로 사용될 수 있다. 제안된 기법을 사용하여 공간적으로 암호화된 워터마크를 은닉한 영상인 스테고 이미지로부터 워터마크를 손실 없이 추출할 수 있다. 실험을 통하여 제안 기법의 우수성을 확인하였다. 제안된 기법을 적용하여 워터마킹을 수행한 결과 영상인 스테고 이미지의 화질은 51dB이상으로 사람이 육안으로 워터마크의 존재여부를 인식할 수 없으며, 워터마크가 공간적으로 암호화되어 있기 때문에 워터마크의 보안성이 우수하다.

• 한국산업정보학회논문지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2015

스테가노그래피는 은닉되어 전송되는 비밀 메시지의 존재 자체를 숨기는 기술이다. 일반적으로 은닉 자료의 지각 투명성, 수용 능력, 견고성 등을 기반으로 하는 새롭고 정교한 스테가노그래피 기법을 개발하는 것이 주목적 이다. 이 논문에서는 이미지 스테가노그래피 기법의 장점과 단점을 분석하고, 효과적인 적용방법을 제시한다. 결과적으로 재배열키를 적용하고, 보안성이 좋은 ELSB와 DCT를 기반으로 하는 이미지 스테가노그래피 기법이 효과적이다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose an image watermarking technique that effectively hides confidential data in the LSB of image pixels by utilizing the characteristics of the image. In the proposed technique, the image is precisely divided into boundary surface and normal region other than the boundary surface and performs different processing. The boundary surface existing in the image is created by meeting different regions and contains important information of the image. One bit of confidential data is concealed in the LSB of the pixel at the boundary surface to preserve the characteristics of the boundary surface. In normal region other than the boundary surface, the pixel values are similar, and the change with the adjacent pixel values is smooth. Based on this property, even if the 2 bits of confidential data are hidden in the lower 2 bits of the pixel in the normal region, the difference cannot be visually distinguished. When confidential data is concealed in an image as described above, the amount of confidential data concealed in an image can be increased while maintaining excellent image quality. Concealing confidential data by applying the proposed method increases the amount of confidential data concealed by up to 84.6% compared to the existing method. The proposed technique can be effectively used for commercial image watermarking that hides copyright information.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.376-382
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• 2014

In this paper, a 9-bit 1GS/s high precision folding A/D converter with a 45 nm CMOS technology is proposed. In order to improve the asymmetrical boundary condition error of a conventional folding ADC, a novel scheme with an odd number of folding blocks is proposed. Further, a new digital encoding technique is described to implement the odd number of folding technique. The proposed ADC employs a digital error correction circuit to minimize device mismatch and external noise. The chip has been fabricated with 1.1V 45nm Samsung CMOS technology. The effective chip area is $2.99mm^2$ and the power dissipation is about 120 mW. The measured result of SNDR is 45.35 dB, when the input frequency is 150 MHz at the sampling frequency of 1 GHz. The measured INL is within +7 LSB/-3 LSB and DNL is within +1.5 LSB/-1 LSB.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• 제2권5호
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• pp.266-276
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• 2013

LSB-based steganography is a simple and well known information hiding technique. In most LSB based techniques, a secret message is embedded into a specific position of LSB in the cover pixels. On the other hand, the main threat of LSB-based steganography is steganalysis. This paper proposes an asynchronous-cellular-automata(ACA)-based steganographic method, where secret bits are embedded into the selected position inside the cover pixel by ACA rule 51 and a secret key. As a result, it is very difficult for malicious users to retrieve a secret message from a cover image without knowing the secret key, even if the extraction algorithm is known. In addition, another layer of security is provided by almost random (rule-based) selection of a cover pixel for embedding using ACA and a different secret key. Finally, the experimental results show that the proposed method can be secured against the well-known steganalysis RS-attack.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.151-159
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• 2017

Steganography, which is popular as an image processing technology, is the art of using digital images to hide a secret message in such a way that its existence can only be discovered by the sender and the intended receiver. This technique has the advantage of concealing secret information in a cover medium without drawing attention to it, unlike cryptography, which tries to convert data into something messy or meaningless. In this paper, we propose two efficient least significant bit (LSB)-based steganography techniques for designing an image-based steganography system on chip using hardware description language (HDL). The proposed techniques manipulate the LSB plane of the cover image to embed text inside it. The output of these algorithms is a stego-image which has the same quality as that of the original image. We also implement the proposed techniques using the Altera field programmable gate array (FPGA) and Quartus II design software.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2022

In this paper, we propose a highly secure watermarking technique in which the watermark is multi-encrypted using the R, G, and B component pixels of color image, and then the multi-encrypted watermark is hidden in the LSB of the color image pixel. According to the technique proposed in this paper, the quality of the stego-image created by hiding the multi-encrypted watermark in the LSB of the color image is so excellent that the difference from the cover image cannot be recognized. Also, it is possible to extract the original watermark from the stego-image without loss. If the watermark is hidden in the image using the proposed technique, the security of the watermark is maintained very well because the watermark hidden in the stego-image is multi-encrypted. The proposed watermarking technique can be used in the applications such as military and intellectual property protection requiring high security.