• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.373-384
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• 1997

In this study, 4 types of dowel pin were used to fabricate removable dies using the Pindex system. The comparison of interabutment distances between before and after sawing were conducted in each type of dowel pin, and the horizontal discrepancies in the interabutment distance according to the abutment location and the type of dowel pin were comparatively analyzed. Abutments LM(left molar), LP(left premolar), A(anterior), RP(right premolar), and RM (right molar) were used for measurement. The interabutment distances were measured between each abutment : LM-LP, LM-A, LM-RP, and LM-RM. The slide scanned image of each model was magnified on the computer screen and the measurements were conducted using the meeting point of the cross on the occlusal surface of each abutment. The results were as follows : 1. In the comparison of interabutment distances between before and after sawing in each type of dowel pin, there was no significant difference in World dowel pin(double), Bi-pin(double), Maxcel dowel pin(single). In the World dowel pin(single) there was no significant difference between LM-LPs, but in the other measurements (LM-As, LM-RPs, and LM-RMs) there was significant difference between before and after sawing(p<0.05). 2. In comparison of horizontal discrepancies of the measurement according to the abutment location, there was significant difference between measurement LM-LP($0.27{\pm}0.19mm$) and the others : LM-A($0.46{\pm}0.20mm$), LM-RP($0.38{\pm}0.25mm$), LM-RM($0.45{\pm}0.22mm$) (p<0.05). 3. In comparison of horizontal discrepancies of the measurement according to the type of dowel, there was no significant difference between each dowel. As a result when fabricating a removable die using the previously mentioned 4 types of dowel pins, it is thought that the horizontal discrepancy increased in proportion to the interabutment span length and does not depend on the type of dowel pin.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.37-46
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• 1994

서해안 일원의 가온 양만장 사육조로부터 분리한 E. tarda균에 대한 약제내성검사 및 내성균의 내성인자 전달 시험을 실시하였다. 공시한 항생제에 대한 내성률은 LM, PM, SD, SF 등에는 100%, AP, CH, SM, OT 및 CP 등에는 89% 이상, OA 및 KM에는 70% 정도 그리고 AK, GM 및 EF 등에는 30% 이하의 내성률을 보였으며, 이와같은 내성률은 각 양만장에서 분리한 균주간에 차이를 보이지 않았다. 내성유형은 총 34유형으로 모든 분리균주가 8~14제의 다제내성을 보였으며, 그 중 LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA KM(22주, 21.4%) 및 LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA(12주, 11.7%) 유형등이 고빈도로 출현하였다. 내성균의 내성인자 전달유형은 총 55형으로 단제에서 13제까지의 다양한 내성인자가 전달되었는데, 그 중 LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA(10주. 10%), LM PM SD SF CP CH SM OT AP OA KM(7주, 7%) 및 LM PM SD SF CP CH AP OA(7주, 7%) 등의 다제내성유형이 고빈도의 전달률을 보였으며, 약재별로는 GM, EF 및 AK 등에는 저빈도(0~20%), OT, SM, KM 및 OA 등에는 중등도(49~62%), AP, PM, LM, SF, CP, CH 및 SD 등에는 고빈도(71~94%)로 내성인자를 전달하였다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2013

Plant virus coat (CP) gene-mediated protection is one of the best known approaches to protect against virus resistant transgenic plants. Transgenic N. benthamiana plants containing the CP gene of Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) were used for the environmental risk assessment of the living modified (LM) plants with plant virus resistance. The most optimal co-infection method of both ZGMMV and CMV (Cucumber mosaic virus) on Non-LM and CP-expressing LM tobacco plants was established and co-infection of CMV and ZGMMV was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To address the effects of LM tobacco plants on the mutation of the virus, in-vitro transcripts of CP and Replicase (Rep) derived from CMV and/or ZGMMV were inoculated onto Non-LM or LM tobacco plants. Mutation frequency of CP and Rep from CMV and ZGMMV was examined through six serial passages in Non-LM and LM tobacco plants. Little actual frequency of mutation was estimated, probably due to the limited number of transgenic plants tested in this study. However, it does not suggest environmental safety of these CP-mediated LM plants. Further study at a larger scale is needed to evaluate the environmental risk associated with the CP-expressing LM plants.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.287-295
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• 2020

The differences between luminal microbiota (LM) and mucosal microbiota (MAM) were little known, especially in duodenum. In this study, LM and MAM in colon and duodenum of mice were investigated through 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing. The lowest bacterial diversity and evenness were observed in duodenal LM (D_LM), followed by duodenal MAM (D_MAM). Meanwhile, the bacterial diversity and evenness were obviously increased in D_MAM than these in D_LM, while no significant difference was observed between colonic MAM (C_MAM) and colonic LM (C_LM). PCoA analysis also showed that bacterial communities of LM and MAM in duodenum were completely separated, while these in colon overlapped partly. The ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes (F/B) in D_MAM was significantly higher than that in D_LM. Lactobacillus was largely enriched and was the characteristic bacteria in D_LM. The characteristic bacteria in D_MAM were Turicibacter, Parasutterella, Marvinbryantia and Bifidobacterium, while in C_LM they were Ruminiclostridium_6, Ruminiclostridium_9, Ruminococcaceae_UCG_007 and Lachnospiraceae_UCG_010, and in C_MAM they were Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136, Mucispirillum, Alistipes, Ruminiclostridium and Odoribacter. The networks showed that more interactions existed in colonic microbiota (24 nodes and 74 edges) than in duodenal microbiota (17 nodes and 29 edges). The 16S rDNA function prediction results indicated that bigger differences of function exist between LM and MAM in duodenum than these in colon. In conclusion, microbiota from intestinal luminal content and mucosa were different both in colon and in duodenum, and bacteria in colon interacted with each other much more closely than those in duodenum.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.339-348
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• 2012

급성 전골수구성 백혈병(acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL)은 치료제가 한정적이고 그 또한 다양한 부작용을 초래한다. 최근 암세포 형성 억제에 세균 추출물을 사용하는 경우가 증가하는데 이를 이용하여 기존의 약제보다 효과적이면서 부작용이 적은 치료제 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 L. monocytogenes에서 분비되는 물질(LmSup)과 세균 자체가 함유하고 있는 물질(LmE)을 추출하여 HL-60 세포에 처리한 다음 세포증식 억제 효과를 보고자 하였다. 세포 생존율 및 세포고사를 확인하여 세포를 죽음으로 유도하는 지 파악한 다음 작용기전을 규명하고자 세포주기의 변화 및 ROS 생성을 관찰하였다. 그 결과, LmSup와 LmE가 급성 전골수구성 백혈병(APL) 세포인 HL-60의 세포고사를 유도하고, sub G0/G1기 증가로 세포주기를 비정상적으로 차단함으로써 세포고사를 유도함을 확인하였다. 이때, ROS가 관여함을 관찰하였다. 이를 통해, LmSup 또는 LmE의 구체적인 항암효과 및 기전 분석을 통해 난치병인 APL의 치료 방법 및 치료제 개발에 기여하고자 한다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.353-360
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• 2011

간척지에서 청보리 재배를 위한 가축분뇨 퇴 액비 시용 방법을 구명하기 위해서 계화간척지 문포통에서 무처리를 대비로 화학비료 및 돈분뇨 퇴 액비를 기비와 추비로 분시하여 청보리를 재배한 후 토양 양분변화, 식물체 양분 흡수량 및 수량 등을 조사하였다. 토양중 $NO_3^-$-N 함량은 액비시용 후 생육 후기로 갈수록 감소하였고. 보리생육 초기에는 액비 전량시용구가 높았으나 후기에는 퇴 액비 혼용구와 화학비료 시용구에서 높았다. 토양 중 $NO_3^-$-N와 $NH_4^+$-N 함량은 표토에서 퇴 액비 혼용구와 화학비료 시용구에서 높았으나 심토에서는 처리 간에 유의차가 없었다. 시험후 토양의 화학성중 유기물, 유효태 인산, 총질소, 치환성 칼슘과 나트륨이 퇴 액비 혼용구에서 무시용구 보다 현저히 높았다. 식물체 양분흡수량은 액비 전량시용구 보다 화학비료 시용구와 액비분시 및 퇴 액비 혼용구에서 높게 나타났고 질소이용률은 화학비료 시용구>액비분시구=화학비료 추비구>퇴 액비 혼용구>액비 전량시용구 순으로 나타났다. 청보리 수량은 무처리구 $309kg\;10a^{-1}$ 대비액비 전량시용구에서 2.3배였으나 화학비료 시용구와 퇴 액비 혼용구에서 3.2배로 가장 높게 나타났다. 청보리 사료가치는 퇴 액비 분시구에서 액비전량 시용구보다 조단백질과 TDN 값이 1.0~1.5%가 높아졌다. 따라서 간척농경지에서 가축분뇨 퇴 액비시용에 의한 청보리 증수를 위해서는 일시에 전량 시용하는 것보다는 분할 시용해야 높은 수량을 얻을 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.45-59
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate the epidemiological properties of salmonellosis of poultry farms in Kyongbuk province during the relied from November 1998 to November 1999 And antibiotic susceptibility and biochemical characteristics of 120 Salmonella cultures isolated from chicken samples were also investigated. The results obtained through this study were summarized as follows, 1. Among 667,200 chickens of 31 flocks in 17 layer farms and 9 broiler farms, 61,350 chickens of 31 flocks were died with salmonellosis. The death rate of 25 farms varied from 0.1% to 75.0%, and the average death rate was 9.2%. 2. According to etiological agents, fowl typhoid was shown the most predominant outbreak among the salmonellosis during a year, which accounted for 8R.0%(22/25) of the total case 3. The serotypes of 120 Salmonella isolates were identified as 7 strains(5.8%) of S pullorum, 10 strains(8.4%) of S typhimurium and 103 strains(85.8%) of S gallinarum. 4. Most outbreak of fowl typhoid were prevalent on the layer chicken farms(77.1%), and the summer season(45.5%) also appeared the most hazardous season during the year. 5. It seemed that the Hyline breed(70.6%) was the most susceptible among the layer chicken breeds, and followed by Isabrown(23.5%), Tetra(5.9%) in order. 6. In layers, 76.4% of fowl typhoid occurred commonly from 14 to 40 weeks including the early laying peroid, but in broiler farms, all cases was outbreak within first second weeks. 7 All the strains of S pullorum were resistant to lincomycin(Lm), penicillin(Pm), and steptomycin(Sm), but sensitive to amikacin(Ak), ampicillin(Am), cephalothin(Ce), ciprofloxacin (CiP), chloramphenicol(Cm), colistin(Co), enrofloxacin(Enr), furazolidone(Fu), gentamicin(Gm), kanamycin(Km), neomycin(Nm), polymyxin(Po), and teracycline(Tc). All the strains of S typhimurium were resistant to Lm(100%), Pm(100%), Po(90%), and Sm(90%), but were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, CiP, Cm, Co, Enr, Fu, Gm, Km, Nm, and Tc. 8. Minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) of 103 strains of S gallinarum were also evaluated and their patterns were much more variable than others. All the strains of S gallinarum were sensitive to Ak, Am, Ce, Cip, Cm, Enr, Fu, Km, and Nm, but resistant to Lm(100%), and Sm(100%), 99(96.1%) to Co, 83(80.6%) to Pm, and 83(80.6%) to Po, 55(53.4%) to Gm, and 33(32.0%) to Tc. 9. The multiple drug resistance patterns of 120 Salmonella strains were CoLmPmPo Sm pattern(34.2%), CoGmLmPmPoSmTc(20.8%), CoGmLmPmPoSm(13.3%), CoGmLmSm(7.5%), LmPmSm(7.5%), LmPm(6.7%), CoLmSmTc(3.3%),, CoGmLmSmTc(1.7%), GmLmSmTc(1.7%), CoGmLmPoSm(0.1%), LmPmPo(0.1%), CoLm Sm(0.1%), and LmSm(0.1%), in order.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 1999

스티렌-부타디엔 고무(styrene-butadiene rubber :SBR)의 가공성과 기계적 물성을 조절하는 방안의 일환으로, 고분자량 SBR(high molecular weight SBR : HM-SBR)과 저분자량 SBR (low molecular weight SBR : LM-SBR)의 혼합물의 특성을 조사하였다. HM-SBR/LM-SBR의 LM-SBR 함량이 증가함에 따라 경화전 혼합물의 Mooney 점도와 경화에 따른 토오크 증가치는 감소하고 가황 후 혼합물들의 Shore A 경도와 반발탄성율은 감소를 보였다. 또한 LM-SBR 함량의 증가에 따라 혼합물들의 가황 후 유리전이온도는 일정하지만 고무상태에서 tan ${\delta}$는 증가를 보였다. LM-SBR 함량에 따른 가황 전 혼합물들의 Mooney 점도 감소는 LM-SBR의 가소화 효과와 분자량 분포 증가에 기인하는 것으로 해석하였다. 가황 HM-SBR/LM-SBR 혼합물의 기계적 물성 변화는 고무 혼합물의 가교밀도 감소에 기인하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1062-1069
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• 2012

This paper suggests a computational modeling to reflect static/dynamic characteristics of LM bearings. A theoretical study for modeling LM bearings is elucidated by using the Hertz contact theory, the Lagrange's equation of motion, normal mode analysis and a calculation of equivalent moment center. The complex geometry of LM bearings is replaced by a simplified model with eight springs only. The suggested model reflects static and dynamic characteristics of LM bearings without any consideration for the shape of the bed or stages on the LM bearings. The modal experimental results are compared to the simulation results with the suggested computational modeling. The difference between the experiments and simulation is calculated less than 8%.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.1104-1109
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• 2015

디지털 콘텐츠의 급속한 발전으로 미래의 요구에 부합할 수 있는 고속의 보안 암호 알고리즘 설계는 중요하다. 본 논문에서는 기존의 수열 발생기 보다 더 높은 처리율을 갖는 자체 수축형 LM-128 합산 수열 발생기를 제안한다. 임계 클럭 조절형 LM-128의 설계하고 구현하여 더 낮은 클럭 사이클을 가져서 더 높은 키 수열 발생 속도를 증명한다. 제안된 임계 클럭 조절형 발생기는 128비트 비밀 키와 초기 벡터를 갖는 내부 상태 256비트로 구성되어진다. 128-비트의 보안 수준의 암호는 고화질 및 고품질의 디지털 콘텐츠 보안에 적합하다.