• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to exam the effectiveness of acupuncture using the tonification & sedation manipulation for LI4(Hegu) and KI7(Fuliu) which was known to promote sweating for lack sweating and inhibit for excessive sweating. Methods : The subject of this study was 60 people who agreed with participating. The participants were divided into 6 groups as control group without acupuncture, acupuncture group with needle inserted perpendicularly at LI4, KI7 without manipulation(AT-A), acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 using sedation technique and KI7 using tonificaton technique(AT-B), acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 using tonificaton technique and KI7 using sedation technique(AT-C), acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 and KI7 using tonificaton technique(AT-D) and acupuncture group with needle inserted and twisted at LI4 and KI7 using sedation technique(AT-E). We obtained baseline data at a stable condition with the temperature of $25^{\circ}C$. After having the participant stay at $40^{\circ}C$ for 10 minute and treated with acupuncture for 10 minute, we measured the parameters such as sweating rate, water content in subcutaneous, water content in skin surface, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature. Results : After the tonification & sedation manipulation at LI4 and KI7, the sweating rate was significantly decreased in AT-B, AT-D and AT-E groups. The water contents in skin surface was significantly decreased in AT-B and AT-E groups. The water contents in subcutaneous was significantly decreased in AT-B, AT-C, AT-D and AT-E groups. However, there were no significant changes in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and body temperature. Conclusions : Acupuncture at LI4 and KI7 is effective in controling sweating, and the effect varies according to the tonification & sedation manipulation technique.

• 공업화학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.400-406
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• 1999

고효율 가스흡수식 냉방기를 위한 신 작동매체로 기존의 $LiBr-H_2O$ 용액에 $LiNO_3$, LiCl, LiI 성분을 첨가하여 4성분 용액을 제조하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 제조된 4성분계의 작동매체에 대한 용해도와 증기압을 측정하여 기존의 $LiBr-H_2O$계와 비교 분석하였으며, 이들에 대한 최적혼합 몰비를 각각 구하였다. 용해도 측면에서 $LiBr-LiNO_3-LiCl$계는 5:1:1~2, $LiBr-LiNO_3-LiCl$계는 5:1:1, LiBr-LiI-LiCl계의 경우 5:1:0.5~1로 나타났다. 한편 $LiBr-LiNO_3-LiCl-H_2O$계를 제외하고 모두 증기압이 $LiBr-H_2O$계에 비해 높게 나타났다. $LiBr-LiNO_3-LiCl-H_2O$계를 이용한 흡수성능 실험시 $LiBr-H_2O$계 보다 우수한 특성을 지녔다.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.35-44
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• 2013

유사 올리빈 구조를 가지는 탄소코팅 합성 $Li^+Fe^{2+}(PO_4)^{3-}$ 분말시료에 대한 상온-고압실험을 대칭 다이아몬드 앤빌기기를 이용하여 35.0 GPa까지 시행하였다. $LiFePO_4$의 압축 데이터를 이용하여 계산된 체적탄성률은 $130.1{\pm}10.3$ GPa이다. 18 GPa 이상의 압력에서 d = 3.386 ${\AA}$ 위치에 새로운 피크가 관찰되고 35 GPa에서는 d = 2.854 ${\AA}$에 또 다른 피크가 관찰되고 있으나 주 결정구조는 사방정계인 것으로 판단된다. 압력에 대한 단위 포 부피의 압축은 M1($Li^+O_6$)의 수축이 두드러지고 M2($Fe^{2+}O_6$)와 사면체($PO_4$)의 수축은 상대적으로 작은 것으로 나타났다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.783-791
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• 2008

Li-X 제올라이트 흡착탑에서의 $H_2/CO_2$(80:20 vol%), $H_2/CO$(90:10 vol%), $H_2/CH_4$(90:10 vol%)의 이성분계 기체의 흡착 동특성을 연구하였다. 각 계에서 공급유속(6.24~10.24 LPM), 흡착압력(6.1~10.1 bar)에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 동특성 실험 결과 파과시간은 공급유속이 적을수록, 흡착압력이 높을수록 증가하였으며 탑 내부 온도의 영향으로 tailing 현상이 발생하였다. Li-X 제올라이트 흡착탑에서 공급 유량과 압력의 확산계수에 의한 LDF식을 사용하여 예측하였다. 본 연구에서는 비등온과 비단열상태, Dual-site langmuir 등온식과 고려하여 해석하였으며 실험 데이터와 비교하였다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.73-88
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to research the effects of acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ and determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ by measuring the changes of regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF) and mean arterial blood pressure(MABP) in normal rats and ischemic rats. Method : This study researched the effects of acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ on the change of rCBF and MABP. To determine the mechanism of action of acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$, pretreatment with indomethacine and methylene blue was done. Result : 1. Acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ significantly increased rCBF and acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited by pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase, and methylene blue(10 ${\mu}g$/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase. 2. Acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ decreased MABP and there was no significantly change of decrease of MABP on acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ by pretreatment with indomethacin and methylene blue. 3. These result suggested that acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ might significantly increase rCBF by dilating arterial diameter and mechanism of acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ might be mediated by cyclooxygenase and guanylate cyclase. 4. The rCBF was significantly and stably increased by acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ during the period of cerebral reperfusion in cerebral ischemic rats, which contrasted with the rapid and marked increase in the control group. Pretreatment with methylene blue significantly decreased rCBF by acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ during the period of ischemic state, increased rCBF during the period of cerebral reperfusion. These results suggested that the mechanism of acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ might be mediated by guanylate cyclase. Conclusion : Acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ can increase rCBF in normal state, and improve stability of rCBF in ischemic state. In addition, we suggested that mechanisms related with acupuncturing $BL_{67}$ and $LI_1$ was more involved in the guanylate cyclase pathway.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.287-298
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• 2020

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the surface pressures on the CAARC standard tall building model concerning the effects of freestream turbulence. Two groups of incidence turbulence are generated in the wind tunnel experiment. The first group has an approximately constant turbulence intensity of 10.3% but different turbulence integral scale varying from 0.141 m to 0.599 m or from 0.93 to 5.88 in terms of scale ratio (turbulence integral scale to building dimension). The second group presents similar turbulence integral scale but different turbulence intensity ranging from 7.2% to 13.5%. The experimental results show that the mean pressure coefficients on about half of the axial length of the side faces near the leading edge slightly decrease as the turbulence integral scale ratio that is larger than 4.25 increases, but respond markedly to the changes in turbulence intensity. The root-mean-square (RMS) and peak pressure coefficients depend on both turbulence integral scale and intensity. The RMS pressure coefficients increase with turbulence integral scale and intensity. As the turbulence integral scale increases from 0.141 m to 0.599 m, the mean peak pressure coefficient increases by 7%, 20% and 32% at most on the windward, side faces and leeward of the building model, respectively. As the turbulence intensity increases from 7.2% to 13.5%, the mean value of peak pressure coefficient increases by 47%, 69% and 23% at most on windward, side faces and leeward, respectively. The values of cross-correlations of fluctuating pressures increase as the turbulence integral scale increases, but decrease as turbulence intensity increases in most cases.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.215-221
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• 1992

This research is aimed at developing(110) preferred TiS2 cathode films and glass typed solid electro-lytes which have high ionic migrations and low electron conductivities for thin secondary solid batteries. To obtain preferred oriented TiS2 thin films on a substrate by CVD method using TiCl4 and H2S gases three factors of heating temperature, inner pressure of furnace and TiCl4/H2S gas mole fraction were ex-amined systematically. To obtain solid films of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 electrolytes by r.f. sputtering for thin proto-type batteries of Li/Li2O-B2O3-SiO2TiS2, sputtering conditions were examined. TiS2 cathode films showed columnar structure, namely c axis oriented parallely. At low pressure of reaction chamber and low heating temperature, surface of smooth TiS2 films couldd be obtained. Ionic conductivity of Li2O-B2O3-SiO2 films manufactured by r.f. magnetron sputtering were 3$\times$10-7$\Omega$-1cm-1 and electron conductivities were 10-11$\Omega$-1cm-1. Open cell voltage of thin lithium batteries were 2.32V with a designed prototype cell.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.412-416
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• 2013

FePt:Ag (100 nm) nanocomposite thin films were prepared on naturally-oxidized Si substrates by dc magnetron sputtering at room temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are used to investigate the effects of annealing pressures on the ordering processes and microstructures of these films. The average sizes for the $L1_0$ ordered domains and the FePt grains are reduced to d = 9 nm and D = 13 nm from d = 19 nm and D = 34 nm, respectively, when the annealing pressure is enhanced to 0.6 GPa from room pressure at 873 K. Furthermore, the size distribution is improved into a narrow range. With increasing pressure, the coercivity of $L1_0$-FePt:Ag thin films decreases from 15.1 to 7.6 kOe. In the present study, the effects of high pressure on the $L1_0$ ordering processes and microstructures of FePt:Ag nanocomposite films were discussed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.209-209
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• 2009

Fabrication of p-type ZnO has already proven difficult and usually inconsistent despite numerous worldwide efforts. Many research groups studied electrical and optical properties P, Li, As, N single doped ZnO thin film. In P-doped ZnO thin film, the reproducibility of p-type conduction with $P_2O_5$ as a dopant source was shown to be relatively poor. In this study, we made P single doped and Li & P co-doped ZnO target. To investigate electrical and optical properties of P single doped and Li & P co-doped ZnO thin film using $P_2O_5$ and $Li_3PO_4$ dopant source respectively was deposited by PLD. The growth temperature was changed 500, $700^{\circ}C$ and various oxygen partial pressure and post-annealing conditions was changed temperature, different gas ambient($O_2,N_2$). We investigate that how to change electrical and optical properties as function of growth temperature, oxygen partial pressure and post-annealing(RTA).

• 방사성폐기물학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.303-309
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• 2010

사용후핵연료 건식처리공정(pyrochemical process)에서 LiCl-KCl 공융염의 회수는 방사성폐기물 부피감량과 원료물질 회수를 위해 반드시 필요하다. 본 논문은 진공증류공정을 이용하여 희토류 침전물(희토류 산염화물 또는 산화물)내 잔류하는 LiCl-KCl 공융염 회수에 관한 것이다. 진공증류시험장치에서 희토류 침전물내 공융염은 효과적으로 휘발 및 분리되었다. 분리된 공융염은 감압증류시험장내 세 지점에서 침적되거나 필터에 포집되으며, 침적되거나 포집된 공융염을 회수하는 것은 쉽지 않았다. 이 문제점을 해결하기 위해 감압조건에서 온도구배를 이용하여 공융염 거동을 제어할 수 있는 공융염 진공증류/응축회수 시스템을 개발하였으며, 이 장치를 이용하여 휘발된 공융염을 회수용기에서만 응축시켜 쉽게 회수할 수 있음을 확인하였다.