• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.500-500
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• 2013

특정한 유기 물질에 전류를 인가했을 때 발광을 하는 특성을 이용한 Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED)는 뛰어난 색재현성, 적은 전력소모, 간단한 제조공정, 넓은 시야각 등으로 인해 PDP, LCD, LED에 이은 차세대 디스플레이 소자로 많은 관심을 받고 있다. 하지만 OLED는 각기 다른 굴절률을 가지는 다층구조로 되어있어 실질적으로 소자 밖으로 나오는 빛은 원래 생성된 빛의 20% 정도 밖에 되지 않는다. 이러한 광 손실을 줄이기 위해 Photonic Crystal (PC)이나 마이크로 렌즈 어레이(MLA) 부착 등과 같이 특정한 크기를 갖는 주기적인 나노 구조물을 이용한 광추출 효율 상승 방법은 특정 파장의 빛에서만 효과가 있는 한계가 있었으며 고가의 공정과정을 거쳐야 했으므로 OLED 소자의 가격 향상에 일조하였다. 이의 해결을 위해 본 연구는 유리기판 위에 랜덤한 분포를 가지는 나노 구조물 제작 공정법을 제안한다. 먼저 유리기판 위에 스퍼터로 금속 박막을 입혀 이를 Rapid thermal annealing (RTA) 공정을 이용하여 랜덤한 분포의 Island를 가지는 마스크를 제작하였다. 그 후 플라즈마 식각을 이용하여 유리기판에 나노 구조물을 형성하였고 기판 위에 남아있는 마스크는 Ultrasonic cleaning을 이용하여 제거하였다. 제작된나노구조물은 200~300 nm의 높이와 약 200 nm 폭을 가지고 있다. 제작된 유리기판의 OLED 소자로의 적용가능성을 알아보기 위한 광학특성 조사결과는 300~900 nm의 파장영역에서 맨유리와 거의 비슷한 수직 투과율을 보이면서 최대 50%정도의 Diffusion 비율을 나타내고 있고 임계각(41도) 이상의각도에서 인가된 빛의 투과율에 대해서도 향상된 결과를 보여주고 있다. 제안된 공정의 전체과정 기존의 PC, MLA 등의 공정에 비해 난이도가 쉽고 저가로 진행이 가능하며 추후 OLED 소자에 적용될 시 대량생산에 적합한 후보로 보고 있다.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.174-177
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• 2000

The effect of a-sexithiophene(${\alpha}-6T$) layers on the light emitting diode (LED) were studied. The ${\alpha}-6T$ was used for a buffer layer in electroluminescent (EL) devices. Enhanced carrier (hole) injection and improved emission efficiency were observed. Carrier injection characteristics were investigated as a function of ${\alpha}-6T$ later thickness. The efficiency of the electroluminescence was proportional to the thickness of ${\alpha}-6T$ layer. The highest efficiency was observed 600A of ${\alpha}-6T$ later, which was about 1.5 times higher than that of device without ${\alpha}-6T$ later. The device with a-6T showed an operation voltage lowered by 2V. The ${\alpha}-6T$ layer can substitute hole blocking layer, and control charge injection properties.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.542-552
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• 2012

In this paper, a gaze estimation method is proposed for use with a large-sized display at a distance. Our research has the following four novelties: this is the first study on gaze-tracking for large-sized displays and large Z (viewing) distances; our gaze-tracking accuracy is not affected by head movements since the proposed method tracks the head by using a near infrared camera and an infrared light-emitting diode; the threshold for local binarization of the pupil area is adaptively determined by using a p-tile method based on circular edge detection irrespective of the eyelid or eyelash shadows; and accurate gaze position is calculated by using two support vector regressions without complicated calibrations for the camera, display, and user's eyes, in which the gaze positions and head movements are used as feature values. The root mean square error of gaze detection is calculated as $0.79^{\circ}$ for a 30-inch screen.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.26 no.11
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• pp.70-76
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• 2009

Web tension control system recently have been applied to OLED(Organic Light-Emitting Diode), RFID of flexible material, e-Paper and PLED(Polymeric LED) and various web control algorithms have being developed for higher productivity and product quality These system need an accuracy model to design and implement controller. In this paper, the web tension control system with dancer roll is mathematically modeled. Mathematical model consists of 8 subsystems and each subsystems can be described as impedance structure which connected by velocity and tension. Mathematical model is different from the estimated model at high frequency range because of structure dynamics which is ignored on mathematical model. The estimated model is derived using ARMAX model. The controller is designed using the estimated model. The step response of the estimated model are compared with that of physical model for a validation of estimated model. The experimental results show a good match between them.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.10
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• pp.1200-1205
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• 2014

The effect of nanofluids on the heat transfer performance of a pulsating heat pipe has been experimentally investigated. Water-based diamond nanofluid and aluminium oxide ($Al_2O_3$) nanofluid were tested in the concentration range of 0.5-5%. The pulsating heat pipe was constructed using clear Pyrex tubes of 1.85 mm in inner diameter in order to visualize the pulsating action. The total number of turns was eight each for heated and cooled parts. The supply temperatures of heating water and cooling water were fixed at $80^{\circ}C$ and $25^{\circ}C$ respectively. The liquid charging ratio of the nanofluid was 50-70%. The test results showed that the case of 5% concentration of diamond nanofluid showed 18% increase in heat transfer rate compared to pure water. The case of 0.5% concentration of $Al_2O_3$ nanofluid showed 24% increase in heat transfer rate compared to pure water. But the increase of $Al_2O_3$ nanofluid concentration up to 3% did not show further enhancement in heat transfer. It is also observed that the deposited nanoparticles on the tube wall played a major role in enhanced evaporation of working fluid and this could be the reason for the enhancement of heat transfer by a nanofluid, not the enhanced thermal conductivity of the nanofluid.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.27-34
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• 2008

Recently, the outdoor lighting of architectural Facade has increased for the improvement of night-scape in urban and coastal resort. The purpose of this research is to analyze lighting characteristics; Luminance, Illuminance, Color Temperature, Chromaticity in Gyengpo Park of Eastern famous coastal resort. The result of this paper is as follows: 1) The Luminance ratio was measured that compare to the 1:10 criterion(IESNA) was in excess to the most building except "K". Because of these condition, Luminance environments was injurious to visual health the overuse of the outdoor lighting or glare to the eyes. 2) The level of vertical Illuminance value was insufficient 33.3% among the cases of survey with 4Lux standard of CIE. 3) The kinds of outdoor lighting of BLDG were increased lighting emitting diode(LED), metal halide(MH) instead of reduction trend of neon, fluorescent light, halogen. As the crisis of Energy resources we will be investigate adapt method of outdoor lighting, which design is based on economical efficiency by the use of optimum lighting.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.190-194
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• 2002

InN/GaN multi-layers were grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD) in order to get the appropriate structure for an high power blue-green light emitting diode(LED), and effects of growth conditions (growth temperature, pressure, and $trimethylindium(TMIn)-NH_3-N_2\; flow\; rare)$ on the integrated photoluminescence (PL) intensity and PL peak energy in InN/GaN multi-layers were investigated. The optimized growth conditions with the highest integrated PL intensity for InN/GaN multi-layers were obtained: the growth temperature at $780^{\circ}C$, the growth pressure at 325 Torr, the TMIn flow rate with 150 $m\ell$/min, the $NH_3$flow rate with 3.2 ι/min, and $N_2$ flow rate with 2 ι/min.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.21.2-21.2
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• 2009

발광다이오드는 에너지 변환 효율이 높고 친환경적인 장점으로 인하여 차세대 조명용 광원으로 각광받고 있다. 하지만 현재 발광다이오드는 낮은 광추출효율로 인하여 미래의 수요를 충족시킬 수 있을 만큼 충분한 성능의 효율을 나타내지 못하고 있다. 발광다이오드의 낮은 광추출효율은 반도체소재와 외부 공기와의 큰 굴절률 차이로 인하여 발생하는 전반사 현상에 기인한 것으로 이 문제를 해결하기 위하여 발광다이오드 소자의 발광면 및 기판을 텍스처링하는 방법이 중요하게 인식되고 있다. 하지만 현재까지 패턴의 구조에 따른 광추출 특성을 분석한 연구는 미진한 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 임프린팅 및 건식식각 공정을 이용하여 다양한 구조의 나노 및 micron 급 패턴을 발광다이오드의 p-GaN층에 형성하였다. 발광다이오드 기판 위에 하드마스크로 사용하기 위한 SiO2를 50nm 증착한 후 그 위에 UV 임프린팅 공정을 진행하여 폴리머 패턴을 형성시켰다. 임프린팅 공정으로 형성된 폴리머 패턴을 CF4CHF3 플라즈마를 이용하여 SiO2를 건식식각하였고, 이후에 SiCl4와 Ar 플라즈마를 이용한 ICP 식각 공정을 진행하여 p-GaN층을 100nm 식각하였다. 마지막으로 BOE를 이용한 습식식각 공정으로 p-GaN층에 남아있는 SiO2층을 제거하여 p-GaN층에 sub-micron에서 micron급의 홀 패턴을 형성하였다. Photoluminescence(PL) 측정을 통해서 발광다이오드 소자에 형성된 패턴의 구조에 따른 광추출 특성을 분석하였다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.1673-1681
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• 2018

In this paper, the fabrication of a white light-emitting diode (WLED) package capable of producing different color rendering indexes (CRI ($R_a$)) using different types of phosphors (YAG:Ce, Silicate, Nitride, LuAG) for the LEDs is presented. The color quality is evaluated based on the current and temperature variation conditions. The evaluation method for color quality compares the existing CIE 13.3 method and the new IES TM-30-15 method. The CRI ($R_a$) defined in the conventional CIE 13.3 has the disadvantage. This cannot offer any information relevant to the user's preference. However, the newly proposed IES TM-30-15 method suggests the additional measure related to user's preference such as Color Gamut ($R_g$). The present experimental results obtained using the IES TM-30-15 show that the color quality of the WLEDs using green and red phosphors are better than that of the WLEDs using yellow phosphor, but their luminous efficacies are lower. The color quality of WLEDs using green and red phosphors are more stable than that of the WLEDs using yellow phosphor, for current and temperature variations, and it is verified that the phosphor causes this change. The evaluation method for color quality, based on IES TM-30-15, is proved to be capable of overcoming the problems of the existing evaluation methods by this study.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.201-206
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• 2020

A SiOxCy(-H) thin film was synthesized by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(APDBD), and a SiO₂-like layer was formed on the surface of the film by oxidation treatment using oxygen plasma. Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane was used as a precursor for the SiOxCy(-H) synthesis, and He gas was used for stabilizing APDBD. Oxygen permeability was evaluated by forming an oxidized SiOxCy(-H) thin film on a PET film. When the single-layer oxidized SiOxCy(-H) film was coated on the PET, the oxygen gas permeability decreased by 46% compared with bare PET. In case of three-layer oxidized SiOxCy(-H) film, the oxygen gas permeability decreased by 73%. The oxygen permeability was affected by the thickness of the SiO₂-like layer formed by oxidation treatment rather than the thickness of the SiOxCy(-H) film. The excellent corrosion resistance was demonstrated by coating an oxidized SiOxCy(-H) thin film on the silver-coated aluminum PCB for light emitting diode (LED).