• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.984-989
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• 1999

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of ethanol extracts on lipid oxidation of oil emulsion. The results are as follows; The scavenging ability of plant extracts for hydroxyl radical was found, and plant extracts played an important role as a strong chelating agents to bind iron if Fe2+ ion exists in oil emulsion. Pinus densiflora(PD), Lithospermum erythrorhizon(LE) and PD＋LE acted as strong chelating agents to bind iron to reduce lipid oxidation in oil emulsion. The content of Fe2+ ion in ethanol extracts from LE and PD＋LE were significantly higher(p<0.05) than that of ethanol extracts from PD. The content of total iron has same tendency. The ascorbic acid content of PD(16.36ppm) was slightly higher than those of LE(13.08ppm). Electron donating ability of PD was significantly higher(p<0.05) than those of LE. However, the superoxide(SOD) like ability of LE showed a little higher than those of LE and PD＋LE, which means the strong antioxidant activity of LE. The nitrite scavenging effects were dependent on pH value, however, they decreased as pH value increased. Especially, they almost didn't show the nitrite scavenging effect in pH 6.0. In conclusion, the PD and LE extracts may be used as natural antioxidant sources to reduce lipid oxidation in oil emulsion.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.50-62
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• 2013

Objective : Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major pathogenic bacteria for acne vulgaris. This study was performed to evaluate the effects of Lithospermum erythrorhizon extracts on the inflammatory cytokines gene expression by P. acnes in human keratinocytes, HaCaT cell line. Methods : Anti-bacterial activity and cytotoxicity of LE extracts was analyzed by agar plate culture and XTT assay. The cytokines gene expressions were assessed by real time RT-PCR for IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$. During the cell culture and treatments, amounts of secreted TNF-${\alpha}$ were measured by ELISA. Translocation of transcription factor NF-${\kappa}B$ from cytoplasm into nucleus was observed by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. Results : There were no anti-bacterial effects and cytotoxicity as high as $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ of LE extracts in XTT assay. Transcription levels of inflammatory cytokines, IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$ were increased by P. acnes in HaCaT. LE extracts decreased the upregulated gene transcription levels. However, amounts of secreted TNF-${\alpha}$ were similar in HaCaT cells with P. acnes and LE extracts. Translocation of NF-${\kappa}B$ into nucleus by P. acnes was significantly inhibited by LE extracts. Conclusions : From the results of this study, LE extracts have anti-inflammatory effects on HaCaT cells by P. acnes that decreased the mRNA expressions of IL-8, MCP-1 and TNF-${\alpha}$. This anti-inflammatory effects of LE extracts could provide the potential of therapeutic substance for acne vulgaris.

• BMB Reports
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.328-333
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• 2008

A variety of anti-inflammatory agents have been shown to exert chemopreventive activity via targeting of transcription factors such as NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1. Lithospermum erythrorhizon (LE) has long been used in traditional oriental medicine. In this study, we demonstrated the inhibitory effects of LE extracts on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated production of inflammatory cytokines. As an underlying mechanism of inhibition, LE extracts reduced LPS-induced transactivation of AP-1 as well as NF-${\kappa}B$ in mouse macrophage cells. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicated that LE extracts inhibited the DNA binding activities of AP-1 and NF-${\kappa}B$. In addition, phosphorylation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ protein was suppressed by LE extracts. Moreover, LE extracts inhibited c-Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated signaling pathways. Our results suggest that the anti-inflammatory activity of LE extracts may be mediated by the inhibition of signal transduction pathways that normally lead to the activation of AP-1and NF-${\kappa}B$. These inhibitory effects may be useful for chemoprevention of cancer or other chronic inflammatory diseases.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.642-649
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant activity in the leaves and stems of 50 tomato accessions, in order to examine the possibility of using tomato by-products as a functional material. The extracts of the leaves (LE) and stems (SE) were analyzed for DPPH, ABTS, and total polyphenol content (TPC). Antioxidant activities and TPC differed significantly between the LE and SE of the 50 tomato accessions. TPC in LE and SE showed wide variation, ranging from 24.4 to 60.6 and 12.5 to 18.8 mg GAE/g, respectively. The DPPH and ABTS antioxidant activities of LE ranged from 10.0 to 38.2% (scavenging effect) and 20.8 to 59.0 mg ASC/g, respectively, while the DPPH and ABTS measurements of SE were 1.4 to 8.8% and 2.2 to 22.5 mg ASC/g, respectively. As assessed by the relative antioxidant capacity index (RACI), IT033117 and IT203466 had the highest antioxidant activity in LE and SE, respectively. These results will expand the knowledge of antioxidant activity and provide information on tomato accessions valuable for the development of functional foods and food additives.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.195-204
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• 2008

본 연구는 UVB 조사로 인해 손상된 피부에 있어서 자초추출물의 유효성을 검증하기 위해 시도되었다. 생후 6주령된 제모한 C57BL/6 마우스를 대상으로 대조군, UVB 조사군(UVB군), UVB조사 후 자초추출물처치군(UVB+Le군)으로 구분하여 24시간, 48시간, 72시간, 120시간, 168시간의 시간대별로 관찰하였다. 경표피수분손실량을 측정한 결과, UVB+Le군이 UVB군 보다 시간이 경과함에 따라 TEWL이 감소하였다. 특히 168시간군에서 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 멜라닌 양 측정 결과, UVB+Le군이 UVB군 보다 낮게 나타났으나 통계학적으로 유의성은 없게 나타났다(p>0.05). 홍반 지수 측정 결과, UVB+Le group 24시간, 48시간, 72시간군에서 UVB group 보다 유의하게 낮게 나타났다(p<0.05). 주사전자현미경적 관찰 결과, UVB group 24시간군에서는 UVB group보다 팽윤현상이 완화되었다. 48시간군에서는 가피형성, 72시간군에서는 규칙적인 판상구조, 120시간군에서 새로운 각질세포 생성, 168시간군에서는 얇은 섬유망으로 덮혀 있는 것이 관찰되었다. 투과전자현미경적 관찰 결과, UVB+Le group은 층판소체의 증가와 층판소체의 재형성이 UVB group보다 모든 군에서 촉진되었다. 특히 165시간군에서는 지질이중막의 구조가 거의 회복되어졌다. 이상의 모든 실험결과를 통해 자초추출물이 UVB 조사로 손상된 생쥐 피부를 회복시키는 효과가 있는 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.54-64
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• 2015

Objectives : This study was to investigate the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effect of Lonicera japonica water extracts (LE) on Ulcerative Colitis Induced by DSS (Dextran Sulfate Sodium) in Mice. Methods : Colitis was induced by DSS in Balb/c mice. The sample group was divided into three. The mice in control group were not inflammation-induced. The pathological group was composed of untreated colitis elicited mice. The experimental group was administered Lonicera japonica water extracts (LE) after colitis elicitation. The effects on ulcerative colitis were evaluated the anti-oxidant effect, inhibition of COX-2 mRNA expression, the morphological change of colonic mucosa, decrease effect of HSP 70 and COX-2 in mucosa. Results : The SOD ability of LE was dose-dependently increased and the LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression of LE was dose-dependently decreased. LE showed the protective effects on DSS-induced experimental colitis. LE inhibited shortening of colon length, the hemorrhagic erosion in colonic mucosa. LE also showed the decrease effect for HSP70 and COX-2 in mucosa. Conclusions : The current results demonstrate the clinical utility of LE in traditional medicine and indicate the possible treatments for ulcerative colitis from natural products. Further investigations for exact mechanisms will be needed.

• 약학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.203-215
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• 1991

Using the calorimetric [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] (MTT)assay, we evaluated the chemosensitivity of 8 anticancer drugs{vincristine(VCR), vinblastine(VBL), adriamycin(ADR), cisplatin(CPDD), etoposide(VP-16), cytosine arabinoside(ara-C), bleomycin (Bleo) and cyclophosphamide(CYC)} and the cytotoxicity-enhancing effects of ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone and the extracts of the crude drugs {Lithospermum eythrorhizon(LE) and Scutellaria baicalensis (SB)} on the above mentioned anticancer drugs against HL-60 and KG-1 cells among 8 anticancer drugs, VCR, VBL, ADR, and CPDD inhibited the growth of both cell lines by more than 50%, while VP-16, ara-C, Bleo, and CYC were less effective. ($\pm$)-ar-Turmerone had significant inhibitory effects against both cell lines, showing the ID$_{50}$ values of 11.730 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and 0.292 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml for HL-60 and KG-1 cells. respectively. But the extracts of LE and SB roots showed no significant cytotoxic effects. According to ID$_{50}$ values, the cytotoxicities of VCR, VBL and ADR against HL-60 were enhanced two, eight and three times by mixing ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone, five, seven and three times by adding the extract of LE root, and twenty, six and three times by mixing the extract of SB root, respectively. The cytotoxicities of the above mentioned drugs against KG-1 cell were enhanced two, seven and three times by mixing ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone, two, three and three times by combining wilth the extract of LB root, and two, five and two times by adding the extract of SB root, respectively. The cytotoxicity-potentiating effects of ($\pm$)-ar-turmerone and the extracts of LE and SB roots against HL-60 cell were greater than KG-1 cell.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.837-842
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• 2011

The purpose of this research was to investigate the effects of 50% ethylalcohol extracts of Lespedeza cuneata G. Don (LE) on the activity of murine immune cells. LE was administered orally once a day for 7 days at the dose of 250 mg/kg. LE increased the cell viability of thymocytes, splenocytes and peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo system, but decreased the cell viability of thymocytes and splenocytes in the presence of concanavalin A in vivo system. Also, the administration of LE was increased the production of ${\gamma}$-interferone, but did not affect the production of interleukin-2 and interleukin-4. Furthermore, LE decreased the phagocytic activity of peritoneal macrophages in vitro and in vivo system, but enhanced the production of nitric oxide. These results suggest that LE has a immuno-regulative action via stimulation of immune cells proliferation.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2022

In this study, conditions for extraction of functional component from Nypa fruticans wurmb was optimized. The yield by extraction with 30% ethanol (LE30, 42.12%) was higher than those hot water extraction (LDW 33.32%), 50% ethanol (LE50, 40.12%) and 70% ethanol (LE70, 34.5%). The extract was purified and analyzed by GC MS. The prevailing compounds found in extract were Cyclodecasiloxane-, pentadecanoic acid, -eicosane, undecanal and tridecanoic acid. The presence of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in ethanolic extract vindicate the use of this plant to treat many diseases in traditional medicine. The total phenolic contents in the LDW, LE30, LE50, LE70 extract were 128±1.65 mg/g, 205±2.3 mg/g, 210±4.23 mg/g and 180±5.6 mg/g, respectively. The DPPH was highest in LE70 extract (1,000 ㎍/mL, 81.14%), ABTS was highest in LE50 extract (1,000 ㎍/mL, 84.14%). The protective effects against oxidative stress in raw 264.7 cell imparted by the LE50 extract was better than those imparted by the other extracts. The findings of the present study suggest that 50% ethanol is best solvent for extraction of Nypa fruticans Wurmb, considering yield, polyphenol content, and antioxidant activities with extraction cost.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.175-181
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• 2013

표고버섯, 표고버섯균사체배양쌀 추출물의 항당뇨와 항비만 효과를 규명하고자 본 연구에서는 표고버섯 80% ethanol 추출물(LE), 표고버섯균사체배양쌀 80% ethanol 추출물(LEM)에서 3T3-L1 preadipocyte cell line을 이용하여 세포의 분화에 미치는 영향을 확인할 수 있었다. 분화유도후 8일 째에 Oil Red O 염색을 통해 세포내 형성된 지방구(lipid droplet)를 isopropanol에 용출하여 500 nm에서 흡광도를 측정한 결과, LE 100 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났으며, LE 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났다. LEM은 대조군에 비하여 LEM을 10 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났으며, LEM 30, 100, 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 억제 효과가 나타났다. CETP 저해 활성을 측정한 결과 LE 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. LEM을 농도별로 처리하였을 때 대조군에 비하여 농도 의존적으로 억제 효과가 있었으며, LEM 30 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났고 LEM 100, 300 ${\mu}g/mL$에서는 p<0.01 수준에서 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. PTP1B 저해 활성을 측정한 결과, LE는 대조군에 비하여 LE 10, 30, 100, 1,000 ${\mu}g/mL$에서 통계적으로 p<0.05 수준에서의 유의한 저해효과가 나타났으며, LEM은 대조군에 비하여 농도 의존적으로 통계적으로 p<0.01 수준에서의 유의한 저해효과가 나타났다. 또한 고지방식이에 LE, LEM을 28일간 경구투여 하였을 때 흰쥐의 혈청 총콜레스테롤은 HFD군에 비해 LE군, LEM군에서 모두 유의적인 감소를 나타내었고(p<0.05), 혈청의 중성지방(triglyceride) 농도는 HFD군에 비해 LE, LEM군 모두 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며 특히 LEM군은 통계적으로 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다. 혈청의 HDL-cholesterol은 HFD군과 시료처리군에서 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았으며, LDL-cholesterol은 HFD군에 비해 LEM군에서 유의적인 감소를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 이상의 결과로 보아 표고버섯과 표고버섯균사체배양쌀은 지방세포의 분화를 억제시키며, 혈중 지질 조성을 개선시키는 효과가 있음을 알 수 있다.