• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물공학회 2001년도 추계학술발표대회
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• pp.800-807
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• 2001

This study was designed to investigate the antioxidative activity of a substance isolated from. The antioxidative activity of procyanidine was higher than that of dl-tocopherol and BHA on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS). Procyanidine inhibited the copper-mediated oxidation of human LDL in a dose dependent manner with almost complete inhibition at $60{\mu}g/mL$. Procyanidine at a concentration of $80{\mu}g/mL$ in hibited oxidation of LDL induced by J774. LDL oxidized by copper-mediated or cell-induced oxidation was degraded at a much greater rate than native LDL. These results suggested the importance of further research to procyanidine in the investigation of atherosclerosis and free radical-induced injury.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.108-117
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• 2006

The oxidative notification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL are found in macrophage foam cell, and it can induce an macrophage proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that Samkieum may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering the oxidiazability of LDL, To achieve this goal, we examined the effect of Samkieum on LDL oxidation nitric oxide production in mouse macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, and the effect of Samkieum on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity, LDH release, and macrophage activity. Samkieum inhibited the generation of oxidized LDL from native LDL in RAW264.7 cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated RAW264.7 cell. In other experiments, Samkieum activated RAW264.7 cell, and prolonged the survival time, and increased nitric oxide production in Raw 264.7 cells.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.203-212
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• 2003

Objective : As a link in chain of research to confirm the oriental medical prescription which has the anti-atherosclerosis effects, this research evaluated the effects on the macrophage-related factors by using KanghwalSokdantang(KS). Methods : In order to perform this research, we have evaluated the effects on the oxLDL formation from the macrophages, the nitric oxide formation, and the oxidation of macrophages. Thus, with this evaluation, we have investigated the applicapability on the artherosclerosis. Results : KanghwalSokdantang has showed a noticeable reduction of protein oxidation in the process of oxLDL formation, has remarkably restrained phospholipid peroxidation, an index to estimated the phospholipid oxidation and reduction that are formed in the process of macrophage's oxLDL formation, and has increased the nitrite concentration noticeably in the LDL-dealing macrophages. By increasing the survival rate of macrophages, KanghwalSokdantang has restrained the cellular damages. KanghwalSokdantang is ineffective on the LDH outflow from damaged cells. $1{\mu}g/ml$ KanghwalSokdantang sample has increased acid phosphatase activity remarkably. Conclusion : KanghwalSokdantang has the possibility to be used in the prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis, which is formed by the oxLDL formation of macrophages.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.289-296
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• 1997

Antioxidative activity of fraction extracted from cultivation of Aspergillus sp. A-5 against oxidation of human low density lipoprotein(LDL) was investigated. Fractions of Aspergillus sp. A-5 cultivation was sucessively purified with ethyl acetate and silica gel column chromatography. The concentration of fraction 4 inhibited Cu$^{2+}$-induced oxidation of LDL almost completely. Band 3 isolated by the further purification of fraction 4 was higher than that of same concentration of $\alpha$-tocopherol, BHA and BHT. The elcetrophoretic mobility of oxidized LDL by addition of Band 3 was faster than that of native LDL, but slower than that of oxidzed LDL. It is concluded that fraction of Aspergillus cultivation contained antioxidants with the capacity to inhibit oxidative modification of LDL.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.342-348
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• 2001

본 연구는 동맥경화의 원인으로 알려진 사람 oxidized low density lipoprotein (LDL)에 대한 chitin sulfate의 산화억제 효과에 대하여 실험하였다. 사람 LDL을 쥐의 마크로파지 유도 oxidized LDL로 산화시킬 때 chitin sulfate를 첨가하여 TBARS와 전기영동에 의한 이동상 및 $O_2$소거 기능을 확인하였다. 사람 LDL에 macrophage를 이용해서 LDL을 산화시킬 때 chitin sulfate를 50~100 $\mu$M 첨가하였을 때 억제 효과가 높았으며, chitin sulfate를 100 $\mu$M 첨가하였을 때 LDL의 산화가 거의 억제되었고, 전기영동에 의한 이동거리도 100 $\mu$M chitin sulfate에서 완전히 억제되었다. 그리고 phorbol myristate acetate를 처리한 마크로파아지 유도 활성 산소의 소거 효과는 chitin sulfate의 농도가 100$\mu$M일 때 거의 소거하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 chitin sulfate는 동맥경화의 예방에 효과적이라는 결론을 얻었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.151-155
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• 2008

Oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) is regarded to play an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. In the present study, salad vegetables with a remarkable DPPH radical-scavenging activity were extracted with methanol, and the methanol extracts were evaluated for the inhibition of $Cu^{2+}$-induced oxidation of human LDL. Separately, the amount of total phenolics was determined colorimetrically using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. The vegetable extracts, expressing a strong inhibition of LDL oxidation ($IC_{50}$ values, <$100\;{\mu}g/mL$), were from angelica, dandelion, mustard leaf, and water spinach, which contained relatively high level of polyphenol content. Noteworthy, a highly positive correlation was observed between inhibition of LDL oxidation and amount of total polyphenol (p<0.01). Based on these results, it is suggested that salad vegetables, especially angelica, dandelion, and mustard leaf, may be used as easily accessible sources of natural antioxidants, especially in anti-atherosclerosis.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1330-1335
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• 2007

마늘을 발효시켜 만든 흑마늘의 지질 산화 억제 및 사람 Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)에 대하여 항산화 활성을 실험하였다. 표준품으로서 마늘의 주성분인 alliin과 흑마늘의 에탄올과 물 추출물의 전자공여능을 각각 비교하여 측정한 결과 흑마늘 에탄을 추출물이 효능이 가장 높았다. 사람 LDL을 $Cu^{2+}$유도 LDL로 산화시킬 때 그 항산화능은 각 시료를 $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ 및 $20\;{\mu}g/ml$ 씩 첨가하며 TSARS를 측정한 결과 에탄을 추출물이 항산화 활성이 가장 높았으며 용량 의존형으로 나타났다. 흑마늘의 에탄올과 물추출물을 $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ 및 $20\;{\mu}g/ml$ 첨가한 후 J774 유도 산화에 대한 항산화 효과를 측정한 결과 각 추출물은 항산화 효과가 있었고 용량 의존형의 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 흑마늘의 각 추출물을 이용한 실험에서 전기영동 이동상은 대조구에 비하여 $10\;{\mu}g/ml$ 및 $20\;{\mu}g/ml$에서 산화를 억제하였고 공액 2중 결합에 의한 실험에서도 항산화 효과가 있었으며 $20\;{\mu}g/ml$의 농도에서 거의 억제되었다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.134-142
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• 1996

Diabetes carries an increased risk of atherosclerotic disease that is not fully explained by known car-diovascular risk factors. There is accumulating evidence that advanced glycation of structural proteins, and oxidation and glycation of circulating lipoproteins, are implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic ather-osclerosis. Reactions involving glycation and oxidation of proteins and lipids are believed to contribute to atherogenesis. Glycation, the nonenzymatic binding of glucose to protein molecules, can increase the ather-ogenic potential of certain plasma constituents, including low density lipoptotein(LDL). Glycation of LDL is significant increased in diabetic patients compared with normal subjects, even in the presence of good glycemic control. Metabolic abnormalities associated with glycation of LDL include diminished recognition of LDL by the classic LDL receptor; increased covalent binding of LDL in vessel walls ; enhanced uptake of LDL by the macrophages, thus stimulating foam cell formation ; increased platelet aggregation; formation of LDL-immune complexes ; and generation of oxygen free radicals, resulting on oxidative damage to both the lipid and protein components of LDL and to any nearby macromolecules. Oxidized lipoproteins are characterzied by cytotoxicity, potent stimulation of foam cell formation by macrophages, and procoagulant effects. Combined glycation and oxidation, "glycoxidation" occurs when oxidative reactions affect the initial products of glycation, and results in irreversible structural alterations of proteins. Glycoxidation is of greatest significance in long lived proteins such as collagen. In these proteins, glycoxidation products, believed to be atherogenic, accumulate with advancing age : in diabetes, their rate of accumulate is accelerated. Inhibition of glycation, oxidation and glycoxidation may form the basis of future antiaterogenic strategies in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals.dividuals.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.205-213
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• 2000

The oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein(LDL) has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis . Oxidized LDL(oxLDL) are found in macrophage foam cell , and it can induce an macrophage proliferation in atherosclerotic plaque. In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that Tokhwalkisaengtang(TK) may reduce atherosclerosis by lowering the oxidizability of LDL, To achieve this goal, we examined the effect of TK on LDL oxidation, nitric oxide production in murine macrophage cell line , and the effect of TK on cupuric sulfate-induced cytotoxicity. LDH release, and macrophage activity TK inhibited the generation of oxLDL from native LDL in macrophage cell culture, and decreased the release of LDH from cupric sulfate-stimulated macrophage. In other experiments, TK activated macrophase cell, and increased the survival rate, and enhanced nitric oxide production in macrophage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.362-370
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• 1995

Human plasma low density lipoprotein(LDL) is the main carrier for cholesterol, and recent studies suggest the normal LDL can be readily oxidized by free radical and not interact with LDL receptor. Lipoprotein pariticles are consisted of lipid andprotein, and fatty acids of lipoproteins are prone to oxidation. LDL particles readily undergo oxidative modification by copper. From the results, oxidized LDL altered its biological properties. A marked increase in the electrophoretic mobility of LDl on agarose gel indicated that negative surface charge of the LDL particles was increased. Also, the results from the HPLC showed that oxidized LDL was degraded into several polypeptides nonenzymatically. Degradation tests which measured the amount of 5-IAF labelled oxidized LDL were carried out by monocyte and hepatocyte cell culture. Hepatocyte cell culture of modified LDL did not show consistent pattern. However, binding rate of modified LDL with HMDM(human monocyte derived macrophage) was enhanced with oxidation, but was retarded by addition of antioxidants(hyaluronic acid, vitamin A, vitamin E). Also comparisons of oxidized-LDL, acetyl-LDL and MDA-LDL showed significant differences in the chemical properteis and binding affinity to HMDM. Thus, modificaition of normal LDL altered its biological properties.