• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.8
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• pp.403-410
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• 2016

During expressway construction it has been input a lot of material, but it does not manage to estimate quantitatively. In this study, the total material requirement for construction of expressway, which separated direct material requirement and indirect material requirement each section was quantified by combining life cycle assessment (LCA) and material flow analysis (MFA). In the direct material requirement, sand 2.27E + 04 ton/km, limestone 1.02E + 04 ton/km and gravel 4.47E + 03 ton/km were required, in the indirect material requirement, gravel 2.75E + 04 ton/km, iron 9.80E + 03 ton/km and coal 9.74E + 03 ton/km were required. Material such as sand, limestone which has high direct material requirement is require of excess input prevention from construction site, and material such as iron, rare metals(chrome, nickel) and coal which has high indirect material requirement is require additional studies of resource management.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.139-146
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• 2014

In this research, we quantified the environmental load while using and not using secondary resources. During the process of primary processed product of metal resources (copper, aluminum), we applied LCA technique and analyzed by dividing into 8 environmental impact categories that affect the environment. Furthermore, we analyzed the greenhouse gas that occur during the process of primary processed product domestically and globally according to the changes of each metal resource's recycling rate. Consequently, when producing 1 ton of copper using secondary resources, the environmental effects were found to be 6.09E + 01 person-yr/f.u. and 7.23E + 01 person-yr/f.u. Additionally, as the recycling rate increased both globally and domestically, the amount of greenhouse gas decreased. Producing 1 ton of Aluminum using secondary resources, the environmental effects were found to be 2.34E + 02 person-yr/f.u. and 3.01E + 02 person-yr/f.u. Moreover, as the recycling rate domestically decreased, the amount of greenhouse gas increased, however the globally was decreased.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.84-93
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• 2012

Most of the studies on reduction of buildings' environmental burden in the construction industry have been focused on carbon dioxide emission, although there are various kinds of environmental issues such as global warming, acidification, and etc. which are considered by many researchers. Therefore, this study defined and suggested six impact categories and the principles to assess each impact for the assessment of comprehensive environmental impacts of buildings. The six impact categories are abiotic depletion, global warming, ozone layer depletion, acidification, eutrophication, and photochemical oxidation. A case study has been conducted through comparative analysis of two structural design alternatives to confirm the necessity of assessing the six impact categories. That is, the results of global warming potential and the six impacts proposed in this study were compared. By comparing the results of only global warming potential, the second design alternative using 24MPa concrete was chosen as a better alternative, while the first design alternative using 21MPa concrete was resulted as a better alternative when six impact categories were considered. The results mean that the assessment of various environmental impacts is an appropriate and reasonable approach and the comprehensive assessment offers more reliable results of environmental impacts in the building construction.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.31 no.4D
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• pp.603-611
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• 2011

After Kyoto Protocol was adopted for green gas reduction, each nations are stepping up efforts to reduce $CO_2$ of a typical green gas. Construction industry also is trying $CO_2$ reduction with the techniques of two types which are software and hardware techniques. The software technique are Passive Design considered green gas emission and the environment impact assessment by LCA. The hardware techniques are adjustment of equipment system and development of eco- friendly material. But, it is nonexistent that a study related to $CO_2$ emission considered detail process in construction industry. This study analyzed the correlation of equipment combination, $CO_2$ emission and duration by calculate $CO_2$ emission follow to equipment combination on earth-work which is the process emitted most $CO_2$ among railway bedding construction.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.39C no.5
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• pp.407-412
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• 2014

Concerns and demands for the Location Based Services (LBS) using Global Positioning System (GPS) and Wi-Fi are largely increased in the world in the present. In some experimental results, it was noted that many errors are frequently occurred when the distances between an anchor node and a mobile node acre measured in indoor localization environment of Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN). In this paper, localization compensation algorithm based on maximum measurement value ($LCA_{MMV}$) for moving objects in WPAN is proposed, and the performance of the algorithm is analyzed by experiments on three scenarios for movement of mobile nodes. From the experiments, it was confirmed that the average localization accuracy of suggested algorithm was more increased than Symmetric Double-Sided Two-Way Ranging (SDS-TWR) and triangulation as average 40.9cm, 77.6cm and 6.3cm, respectively on scenario 1-3.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-214
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• 2000

Health risk assessment is applied to streamlining LCA(Life Cycle Assessment) using Monte carlo simulation for probabilistic/stochastic exposure and risk distribution analysis caused by data variability and uncertainty. A case study was carried out to find benefits of this application. BTC(Benzene, Trichloroethylene, Carbon tetrachloride mixture alias) personal exposure cases were assumed as production worker(in workplace), manager(in office) and business man(outdoor). These cases were different from occupational retention time and exposure concentration for BTC consumption pattern. The result of cancer risk in these 3 scenario cases were estimated as $1.72E-4{\pm}1.2E+0$(production worker; case A), $9.62E-5{\pm}1.44E-5$(manger; case B), $6.90E-5{\pm}1.16E+0$(business man; case C), respectively. Portions of over acceptable risk 1.00E-4(assumed standard) were 99.85%, 38.89% and 0.61%, respectively. Estimated BTC risk was log-normal pattern, but some of distributions did not have any formal patterns. Except first impact factor(BTC emission quantity), sensitivity analysis showed that main effective factor was retention time in their occupational exposure sites. This case study is a good example to cover that LCA with probabilistic risk analysis tool can supply various significant information such as statistical distribution including personal/environmental exposure level, daily time activity pattern and individual susceptibility. Further research is needed for investigating real data of these input variables and personal exposure concentration and application of this study methodology.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.143-151
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• 2017

Recently Korea has presented carbon emission reduce goal of 37% compare to BAU until 2030 according to Paris Agreement in order to correspond to climate change. For this, researchers need to study positively on construction industry that emit $CO_2$ of $3^{rd}$ volume of 28 industry classification. This study calculated environmental load by LCA using the road part except tunnel and bridge among national road cases completed already. After selecting representative type of large construction type based on environmental emission, earth works, drainage works and paving works took up 84%. And this study analyzed the environmental emission feature of each detail construction type after selecting representative type each detail construction type. Utilization of each construction type emission attribute to environmental load during national road construction, will be helpful in making decision of eco-friendly national road construction based on environmental emission.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.267-274
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• 2011

The environmental impacts of 95% remediation of a total petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil were evaluated using life cycle assessment (LCA). LCA of two remediation systems, soil vapor extraction (SVE) and biopile, were conducted by using imput materials and energy listed in a remedial system standardization report. Life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results showed that the environmental impacts of SVE were all higher than those of biopile. Prominent four environmental impacts, human toxicity via soil, aquatic ecotoxicity, human toxicity via surface water and human toxicity via air, were apparently found from the LCIA results of the both remedial systems. Human toxicity via soil was the prominent impact of SVE, while aquatic ecotoxicity was the prominent impact of biopile. This study also showed that the operation stage and the activated carbon replacement stage contributed 60% and 36% of the environmental impacts of SVE system, respectively. The major input affecting the environmental impact of SVE was electricity. The operation stage of biopile resulted in the highest contribution to the entire environmental impact. The key input affecting the environmental impact of biopile was also electricity. This study suggested that electricity reduction strategies would be tried in the contaminated-soil remediation sites for archieving less environmental impacts. Remediation of contaminated soil normally takes long time and thus requires a great deal of material and energy. More extensive life cycle researches on remedial systems are required to meet recent national challenges toward carbon dioxide reduction and green growth. Furthermore, systematic information on electricity use of remedial systems should be collected for the reliable assessment of environmental impacts and carbon dioxide emissions during soil remediation.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.1-26
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• 2006

This paper reveals Material Flow Analysis(MFA) has the possibility of reconciling the two contending theoretical viewpoints(weak sustainability v.s. strong sustainability) and thereby makes the concept of sustainability useful at operational level. For this purpose, this paper shows that the theoretical logic of MFA can be applied from national level to product level (EW-MFA, PIOT/NAMEA, LCI), and investigates the meanings and policy implications of MFA at each level.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.149-150
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• 2011

Recently, Goverment's Energy-saving policy in Korea as 'Green Growth' is very remarkable effort. By intensive poliicies, the private is encouraged to participate in policy. Especially, it is very important in the field of architecture and we have to work for construction of law system. However, these efforts of the government buildings for energy efficiency in use stage is as mandatory system that may occur in the construction phase and the enviromental impact of greenhouse gas reductions is not affected. For this reason, Assess the amount of the energy consumption and CO₂ emissioont of Government Buildings in 2010 ordered by PPS(Public Procurement Service) in the construction phase and suggest to recognize the need for legal restrictions.