• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.83-89
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• 2015

This study was conducted with n-hexane extracts of sensitive plant Mimosa pudica, mexican poppy Argemone mexicana, panimarich Leucus aspara, water pepper Polygonum hydropiper and shialmutra Blumea lacera weeds against pulse beetle Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) for protection of mung bean Vigna radiata grains. The $LC_{50}$ values of the weed extracts ranged from 4.5 to 6.4, 4.1 to 5.6 and 3.6 to 5.5 g/100 mL at 24, 48 and 72 hours of post treatment, respectively. The extracts showed 35 to 69% fecundity and 33 to 63% adult emergence inhibitory effect on the pest, and revealed 13 to 49% grain protection of mung beans. Insect mortality, fecundity and adult emergence inhibitory effects, and grain protection activity increased with increased concentration of the extracts. The shialmutra followed by water pepper extracts revealed better performances in fecundity and adult beetle emergence inhibitory effect compared to the other weeds. The findings proved that the n-hexane extracts of the five weeds are sources of botanical insecticides which may be used in the integrated management of C. chinensis.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1698-1702
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• 2013

Glucose is a common medical analyte measuring in human serum or blood samples. The development of a primary method is necessary for the establishment of traceability in measurements. We have developed an isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry as a primary method for the measurement of glucose in human serum. Glucose and glucose-$^{13}C_6$ in sample were ionized in ESI negative mode and monitored at mass transfers of m/z 179/89 and 185/92 in MRM, respectively. Glucose was separated on $NH_2P$-50 2D column, and the mobile phase was 20 mM $NH_4OAc$ in 30% acetonitrile/70% water. Verification of this method was performed by the comparison with NIST SRMs. Our results agreed well with the SRM values. We have developed two levels of glucose serum certified reference material using this method and distributed them to the clinical laboratories in Korea as samples for proficiency testings. The expended uncertainty was about 1.2% on 95% confidence level. In proficiency testings, the results obtained from the clinical laboratories showed about 3.6% and 3.9% RSD to the certified values. Primary method can provide the traceability to the field laboratories through proficiency testings or certified reference materials.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

An antioxidant peptide derived from Pinctada fucata meat using an Alcalase2.4L enzymatic hydrolysis method (named AOP) and identified by LC-TOF-MS has promising clinical potential for generating cosmetic products that protect skin from sunshine. To date, there have been few published studies investigating the structure-activity relationship in these peptides. To prepare antioxidant peptides better and improve their stability, the design and expression of an antioxidant peptide from Pinctada fucata (named DSAOP) was studied. The peptide contains a common precursor of an expression vector containing an ${\alpha}$-helix tandemly linked according to the BamHI restriction sites. The DNA fragments encoding DSAOP were synthesized and subcloned into the expression vector pET-30a (+), and the peptide was expressed mostly as soluble protein in recombinant Escherichia coli. Meanwhile, the DPPH radical scavenging activity, superoxide radical scavenging activity, and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of DSAOP $IC_{50}$ values were $0.136{\pm}0.006$, $0.625{\pm}0.025$, and $0.306{\pm}0.015mg/ml$, respectively, with 2-fold higher DPPH radical scavenging activity compared with chemosynthesized AOP (p < 0.05), as well as higher superoxide radical scavenging activity compared with natural AOP (p < 0.05). This preparation method was at the international advanced level. Furthermore, pilot-scale production results showed that DSAOP was expressed successfully in fermenter cultures, which indicated that the design strategy and expression methods would be useful for obtaining substantial amounts of stable peptides at low costs. These results showed that DSAOP produced with recombinant Escherichia coli could be useful in cosmetic skin care products, health foods, and pharmaceuticals.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.348-351
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• 2007

The stem barks of Fraxinus rhynchophylla was extracted with 95% EtOH, and the concentrated extract was successively partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$ in order to investigate the major phytochemicals. From the $CH_2Cl_2$ soluble fraction, a sterol (1) was isolated through the repeated silica gel column chromatographies. Three additional compounds (2-4) were isolated from the n-BuOH soluble fraction through silica gel, RP-18, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were elucidated as daucosterol $(1;{\beta}-sitosterol-3-O-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside)$, caffeic acid (2), 6,8-dihydroxy-7-methoxycoumarin (3), and coniferaldehyde glucoside (4) by comparing their spectral data with those in the literatures. All isolates (1-4) were the first to be isolated from F. rhynchophylla.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.11-15
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• 2011

Objectives : In the present study, the contents of cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde in three different parts of Cinnamomi Ramulus (CR) (the whole body, the bark part, and the wood part) was evaluated using UPLC (ultra performance liquid chromatography) in order to investigate a suitable cutting method. Methods : Analysis was performed on SMART LC with UV detector. Reference compounds were separated on Inertsil ODS-4 column ($2.1mm{\times}50mm$, $3{\mu}m$, GL Science, Japan) using isolation elution with water and acetonitrile each containing acetic acid at a flow rate of $500{\mu}L/min$. Additionally, samples of CR were purchased from pharmacy of medicinal herb. Results : The correlation coefficients of the cinnamic acid and cinnamaldehyde levels showed good linearity ($r^2{\geq}0.9999$) over the linear ranges. Furthermore, the bark part exhibited higher concentration levels of reference compounds than the wood part in all samples. In addition the bark exfoliation rates in oblique and perpendicular-long cut samples of CR were lower than the perpendicular-short cut samples. Conclusions : These results suggested that the optimal cutting method would be able to reduce the bark exfoliation. Therefore, the oblique or perpendicular-long cutting method is considered to be a better cutting type than the perpendicular-short cutting method.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.70-78
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• 2005

Zinc is known to have important effects on insulin activity and to increase the body fat deposition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the zinc status and obesity in 50 type 2 diabetic women visiting public health center and hospital. The mean age was 57.9 $\pm$ 6.9 years old. The mean of diabetic duration was 8.0 $\pm$ 6.5 years. Body mass index (BMI) of diabetes was $23.2 \pm 2.3 kg/m^2$. There were no significant differences of mean age, anthropometric indices, and insulin level other than fasting blood sugar (p < 0.001) and insulin resistance (p < 0.00l) between diabetes and control group. The obesity ratio of diabetes was $20\%$, $66\%$ and $84\%$ for BMI, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio (WHR), respectively. Plasma zinc level was not significantly different between diabetes and control group. However, urinary zinc excretion of diabetes was approximately twice of control group (p < 0.001). Urinary zinc loss was fivefold higher in the hyperglycemia ($HbA_{lc}> 10\%$) than in normal blood glucose (p < 0.001). Anthropometric indices were decreased in hyperglycemia. On the other hand, there were the tendency of increased urinary zinc in obese group for waist circumference and percent of body fat. These results suggested that controlled normal blood glucose could improve hyperzincuria and anthropometric changes in type 2 women diabeties.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.247-253
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• 2000

The effects of acute of marine toxicants on early life of coastal olive flounder were investigated. An increasing order of acute toxicity on embryo- and larva-stages of Paralichtys olivaceus was CdCl2$\mu\textrm{g}$/L and 29 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, respectively, and those values at larva-stage were estimated 3.5 ng/L, 16.0 nL/L, 10.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L and 15.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/L, respectively.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.199-205
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• 2004

Effects of nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide on survival of the early developmental stages of Fenneropenaeus chinensis were determined under continuous flow-through system. The 96hr-$LC_{50}$ values of mysis stage were 18.4 mg/L, 0.69 mg/L and 13.5 $\mu{g}/L$ for nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide, respectively; 28.3 mg/L, 1.23 mg/L and 20.7 $\mu{g}/L$ for post larva stage and 39.8 mg/L, 1.73 mg/L and 28.5 $\mu{g}/L$ for juvenile stage, respectively. The Fenneropenaeus chinensis sensitivity for the three pollutants was in the order of hydrogen sulfide>ammonia>nitrite. The mysis/post larva, mysis/juvenile and post larva/juvenile ratios of nitrite, ammonia and hydrogen sulfide toxicity were >1.5, >2.0 and <1.5 times, respectively, and mysis were found to be more sensitive to pollutants than juvenile in all cases.

• BMB Reports
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.177-181
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• 2005

Effects of common electrophoretic reagents, reducing agents ($\beta$-mercaptoethanol [BME] and DTT), denaturants (SDS and urea), and non-ionic detergent (Triton X-100), on the activity and stability of bovine plasmin (b-pln) and human plasmin (h-pln) were compared. In the presence of 0.1% SDS (w/v), all reagents completely inhibited two plns, whereas SDS (1%) and urea (1 M) denatured plns recovered their activities after removal of SDS by treatment of 2.5% Triton X-100 (v/v). However, reducing agents (0.1 M of BME and DTT) treated plns did not restore their activities. Based on a fibrin zymogram gel, five (from b-pln) and four (from h-pln) active fragments were resolved. Two plns exhibited unusual stability in concentrated SDS and Triton X-100 (final 10%) and urea (final 6 M) solutions. Two bands, heavy chain-2 (HC-2) and cleaved heavy chain-2 (CHC-2), of b-pln were completely inhibited in 0.5% SDS or 3 M urea, whereas no significant difference was found in h-pln. Interestingly, 50 kDa (cleaved heavy chain-1, CHC-1) of b-pln and two fragments, 26 kDa (light chain, LC) and 29 kDa (microplasmin, MP), of h-pln were increased by SDS in a concentration dependent manner. We also found that the inhibition of SDS against both plns was reversible.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2007

To improve insecticidal activity of B. thuringiensis 2385-1 (Bt 2385-1), a recombinant plasmid, pHT1K-1Ac, was introduced into lepidopteran toxic Bt 2385-1 by electroporation. The presence of the recombinant plasmid in Bt 2385-1 after electroporation was confirmed by PCR. Bt 2385-1 transformant was named as Bt pHT1K-1Ac/2385-1 (1K-1Ac/2385-1). The 1K-1Ac/2385-1 transformant produced bipyramidal-shaped parasporal inclusion as like the wild-type strain, Bt 2385-1, and showed an 130 kDa band of Cry1Ac protein. The insecticidal activity of 1K-lAc/2385-1 against S. exigua was similar to that of Bt 2385-1 but the $LC_{50}$ value of transformant against P. xylostella was 1.8 times lower. Through these bioassay results, it was confirmed that toxicity of Bt 2385-1 transformant showed synergistic effect by introducing Cry1Ac. These results suggested that the multiple expressions of Cry proteins in a promising Bt strain may interact synergistically in insect midgut, resulting in increase of toxicity and expansion of host spectrum.