• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.143-154
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• 2005

This paper proposes the location acquisition methods and LBS(location-based services) system using RFID(radio frequency identification) tags with location information in ubiquitous city. Location information is checked using RFID tags attached to various buildings. stores and road signs. And various LBSs are provided based on the location information. Traditionally, when the location information is obtained by a GPS, the precision of the location information may deteriorate due to geographical displacement of a satellite and GPS receivers, for example shadow zone by building, in-door environment, and heavy cloud. The objective of this paper is to provide a ULID(universal location identification) data structure, a ULID-based location acquisition method and an LBS system, in which precise location information is extracted using RFID tags attached to various buildings, stores and road signs and ULID and also danger of information leakage is minimized so that an LBS of ubiquitous environment can be provided to a user.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2003.04a
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• pp.256-260
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• 2003

위치기반서비스(LBS: Location Based Serviced)는 이동통신기술, 인터넷기술, 휴대 단말 기술, 공간정보기술 및 다양한 컨텐츠 기술과의 통합 기술로 향후 폭발적인 수요가 예상되는 무선인터넷상의 핵심 서비스이다. LBS표준화는 위치서비스 활성화를 높여 시장성을 갖게 하는 중요한 요소이다. 정확한 기술 분석 및 예측을 통해 표준화를 수행하여, 산업체의 동종 기술 중복 투자를 배제하고 산업계에 유망 기술개발을 유도하여 집중함으로써 국가기술경쟁력, 산업경쟁력, 세계 시장경쟁력을 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 국내외적으로 활발히 진행 중인 LBS 표준화 동향을 살펴보고, 현재의 LBS 기술 현황 및 차후 진행될 위치기반 서비스 표준화의 방향과 앞으로의 기술개발 추진 사항에 대해서 논의 하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2012.04a
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• pp.191-194
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• 2012

Rendering maps is an essential feature of the user interface component of a location based service (LBS) system. However, a developer may not too much worry about implementing the rendering maps part of his or her system because there are quite a few publicly available libraries that provide all kinds of functions of manipulating maps. Google Maps, Yahoo Map, Naver Map, Daum Map, and so on are example sites that provide those libraries. Rendering drawings is to indoor LBS as rendering maps is to LBS. However, there is no such thing as Google Maps that provides libraries for rendering drawings. This paper introduces a few web services and a library that is useful in developing user interfaces of indoor LBS systems.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.195-200
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a method for a mobile robot to estimate a specific location of a service provision target using a beacon-tag for the purpose of providing location-based services (LBS) to users in an indoor environment. To estimate the location, the irregular characteristics and error factors of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) generated from the beacon are analyzed, and the distance conversion function is derived from the RSSI data extracted by applying a Gaussian filter. Then, the distance data converted from the plurality of beacons estimates an indoor location through a triangulation technique. After that, the improvement in the location estimation is analyzed by applying the temporal confidence reasoning technique. The possibility of providing a LBS of a mobile robot was confirmed through a location estimation experiment for a plurality of designated locations in an indoor environment.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

With growing interest in location-based service (LBS), there is increasing necessity for nearest neighbor (NN) search through query while the user is moving. NN search in such a dynamic environment has been performed through the repeated applicaton of the NN method to the search segment, but this increases search cost because of unnecessary redundant calculation. We propose slabbed continuous nearest neighbor (Slabbed_CNN) search, which is a new method that searches CNN in the search segment while moving, Slabbed_CNN reduces calculation costs and provides faster services than existing CNN by reducing the search area and calculation cost of the existing CNN method through reducing the search segment using slabs.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.531-534
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• 2002

위치 기반 광고란 휴대폰, PDA(Personal Digital Assistant), 노트북 PC 등 위치 획득이 가능한 단말의 위치 정보를 이용하여 광고를 하는 것으로 위치 추적이 가능한 단말의 위치 정보를 활용하여 부가정보를 서비스하는 위치 기반 서비스 (LBS, Location Based Services)의 한 종류이다. 최근의 이동 통신 기술의 발달과 휴대폰, PDA 등 모바일 단말의 급속한 확산으로 인하여 LBS 는 유무선 인터넷의 응용 및 그를 이용한 부가 가치 창출에 있어 핵심적인 역할을 할 것이며, 특히 위치 기반 광고는 LBS 시장의 상당 부분을 차지할 것으로 예상되고 있다. 이러한 위치 기반 광고는 광고를 저장하고 관리하는 광고 ASP (Application Service Provider) 플랫폼에서 단말의 위치 정보를 저장 및 관리하는 LBS 플랫폼을 참조하여 위치 및 시간에 따라 광고의 대상이 되는 사용자 목록을 얻고, 해당 사용자에 대하여 단문 메시지 또는 멀티미디어 광고를 제공함으로써 이루어질 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 현재 많이 사용되고 있는 단문 메시지 서비스 (SMS, Short Message Services)를 사용하여 위치 기반 광고를 제공할 수 있는 광고 ASP 플랫폼을 설계한다. 이를 위해 광고 ASP 플랫폼이 제공하여야 하는 기능과 위치 기반 광고의 처리 흐름을 분석한다.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2B
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• pp.164-173
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• 2006

It is essential to ensure public use of and privacy of location information for promoting the location based services. The grade designation for location information is required to accomplish them. The grade designation for location information can increase the reliability of location information and reinforce the right of choice for user. Therefore the institution of grade designation for location information should be introduced rapidly to keep up with the growth of the location based services industry.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.107-109
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• 2007

In location-based services, most trigger technologies have been implemented on the server side by periodically requesting the locations of mobile phones from mobile network servers. However, bottlenecks and communication interruptions occur when the servers are overloaded by trigger requests. In this letter, we propose a new multilevel location trigger specification which distributes the event detecting role to mobile phones and redesigns the location triggering into a multilevel step. Our suggested location trigger specification can reduce bottlenecks caused by triggers in a mobile core network and reduce power consumption caused by embedded GPS devices in mobile phones.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.493-513
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• 2014

With the development of related technologies, Location-Based Services (LBS) are growing fast and being used in many ways. Past LBS studies have focused on adoption of LBS because of the fact that LBS users have privacy concerns regarding revealing their location information. Meanwhile, the number of LBS users and revenues from LBS are growing rapidly because users can get some benefits by revealing their location information. Little research has been done on how LBS affects consumers' information search behavior in product purchase. The purpose of this paper is examining the effect of LBS information filtering on buyers' uncertainty and their information search behavior. When consumers purchase a product, they try to reduce uncertainty by searching information. Generally, there are two types of uncertainties - knowledge uncertainty and choice uncertainty. Knowledge uncertainty refers to the lack of information on what kinds of alternatives are available in the market and/or their important attributes. Therefore, consumers having knowledge uncertainty will have difficulties in identifying what alternatives exist in the market to fulfil their needs. Choice uncertainty refers to the lack of information about consumers' own preferences and which alternative will fit in their needs. Therefore, consumers with choice uncertainty have difficulties selecting best product among available alternatives.. According to economics of information theory, consumers narrow the scope of information search when knowledge uncertainty is high. It is because consumers' information search cost is high when their knowledge uncertainty is high. If people do not know available alternatives and their attributes, it takes time and cognitive efforts for them to acquire information about available alternatives. Therefore, they will reduce search breadth. For people with high knowledge uncertainty, the information about products and their attributes is new and of high value for them. Therefore, they will conduct searches more in-depth because they have incentive to acquire more information. When people have high choice uncertainty, people tend to search information about more alternatives. It is because increased search breadth will improve their chances to find better alternative for them. On the other hand, since human's cognitive capacity is limited, the increased search breadth (more alternatives) will reduce the depth of information search for each alternative. Consumers with high choice uncertainty will spend less time and effort for each alternative because considering more alternatives will increase their utility. LBS provides users with the capability to screen alternatives based on the distance from them, which reduces information search costs. Therefore, it is expected that LBS will help users consider more alternatives even when they have high knowledge uncertainty. LBS provides distance information, which helps users choose alternatives appropriate for them. Therefore, users will perceive lower choice uncertainty when they use LBS. In order to test the hypotheses, we selected 80 students and assigned them to one of the two experiment groups. One group was asked to use LBS to search surrounding restaurants and the other group was asked to not use LBS to search nearby restaurants. The experimental tasks and measures items were validated in a pilot experiment. The final measurement items are shown in Appendix A. Each subject was asked to read one of the two scenarios - with or without LBS - and use a smartphone application to pick a restaurant. All behaviors on smartphone were recorded using a recording application. Search breadth was measured by the number of restaurants clicked by each subject. Search depths was measured by two metrics - the average number of sub-level pages each subject visited and the average time spent on each restaurant. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS and PLS. The results show that knowledge uncertainty reduces search breadth (H1a). However, there was no significant correlation between knowledge uncertainty and search depth (H1b). Choice uncertainty significantly reduces search depth (H2b), but no significant relationship was found between choice uncertainty and search breadth (H2a). LBS information filtering significantly reduces the buyers' choice uncertainty (H4) and reduces the negative relationship between knowledge uncertainty and search breadth (H3). This research provides some important implications for service providers. Service providers should use different strategies based on their service properties. For those service providers who are not well-known to consumers (high knowledge uncertainty) should encourage their customers to use LBS. This is because LBS would increase buyers' consideration sets when the knowledge uncertainty is high. Therefore, less known services have chances to be included in consumers' consideration sets with LBS. On the other hand, LBS information filtering decrease choice uncertainty and the near service providers are more likely to be selected than without LBS. Hence, service providers should analyze geographically approximate competitors' strength and try to reduce the gap so that they can have chances to be included in the consideration set.

• Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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• v.7 no.2 s.14
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• pp.47-56
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• 2005

Recently, with the rapid development of mobile computing, wireless positioning technologies, and the generalization of wireless internet, LBS (Location Based Service) which utilizes location information of moving objects is serving in many fields. In order to serve LBS efficiently, the location data server that periodically stores location data of moving objects is required. Formerly, GIS servers have been used to store location data of moving objects. However, GIS servers are not suitable to store location data of moving objects because it was designed to store static data. Therefore, in this paper, we designed and implemented an extended SLDS(Short-term Location Data Subsystem) for real-time Location Based Services. The extended SLDS is extended from the SLDS which is a subsystem of the GALIS(Gracefully Aging Location Information System) architecture that was proposed as a cluster-based distributed computing system architecture for managing location data of moving objects. The extended SLDS guarantees real-time service capabilities using the TMO(Time-triggered Message-triggered Object) programming scheme and efficiently manages large volume of location data through distributing moving object data over multiple nodes. The extended SLDS also has a little search and update overhead because of managing location data in main memory. In addition, we proved that the extended SLDS stores location data and performs load distribution more efficiently than the original SLDS through the performance evaluation.