• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

This paper proposes a stable and robust method to distinct the color similarity for clothes using the LBG algorithm under various light sources, Since the conventional methods, such as the histogram intersection and the accumulated histogram, are profoundly sensitive to the changing of light environments, the distinction of color similarity for the same cloth can be different due to the complicated light sources. To reduce the effects of the light sources, the properties of hue and saturation which consistently sustain the characteristic of the color under the various changes of light sources are analyzed to define the characteristic of the color distribution. In a two-dimensional space determined by the properties of hue and saturation, the LBG algorithm, a non-parametric clustering approach, is applied to examine the color distribution of images for each clothes. The color similarity of images is defined by the average of Euclidean distance between the mapping clusters which are calculated from the result of clustering of both images. To prove the stability of the proposed method, the results of the color similarity between our method and the traditional histogram analysis based methods are compared using a dozen of cloth examples that obtained under different light environments. Our method successively provides the classification between the same cloth image pair and the different cloth image pair and this classification of color similarity for clothe images obtains the 91.6% of success rate.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.54 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2018

The characteristics of enzyme and gene for mannanase B had been reported from Cellulosimicrobium sp. YB-43 producing some kind of mannanase. A gene coding for the enzyme, named mannanase C (ManC), was expected to be located downstream of the manB gene. The manC gene was cloned by polymerase chain reaction and sequenced completely. From this nucleotide sequence, ManC was identified to consist of 448 amino residues and contain a carbohydrate binding domain CBM2 besides a catalytic domain, which was homologous to mannanase belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 5. The catalytic domain of ManC showed the highest amino acid sequence similarity of 55% with the mannanases from Streptomyces sp. SirexAA-E (55.8%; 4FK9_A) and S. thermoluteus (57.6%; BAM62868). The His-tagged ManC (HtManC) lacking N-terminal signal peptide with hexahistidine at C-terminus was produced and purified from cell extract of recombinant Escherichia coli. The purified HtManC showed maximal activity at $65^{\circ}C$ and pH 7.5, with no significant change in its activity at pH range from 7.5 to 10. HtManC showed more active on konjac and locust bean gum (LBG) than guar gum and ivory nut mannan (ivory nut). Vmax and Km values of the HtManC for LBG were 68 U/mg and 0.45 mg/ml on the optimal condition, respectively. Mannobiose and mannotriose were observed on TLC as major products resulting from the HtManC hydrolysis of mannooligosacharides. In addition, mannobiose and mannose were commonly detected as the hydrolyzed products of LBG, konjac and ivory nut.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.204-211
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• 2015

A bacterial strain capable of hydrolyzing xylan and locust bean gum (LBG) was isolated from the Saemangeum tideland of Korea. Based on the biochemical properties and the 16S rRNA gene sequence, the isolate YB-30 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. Xylanase productivity was increased effectively when B. subtilis YB-30 was grown in the presence of wheat bran, while mannanase productivity was increased drastically when grown in the presence of konjac or LBG. Particularly, maximum mannanase and xylanase activities were detected in the culture filtrate of media containing 3.5% konjac and 1% wheat bran. Both enzyme productivities reached maximum levels in the stationary growth phase. The culture filtrate exhibited the highest activity at 60℃ and pH 6.0 for mannanase and at 55℃ and pH 5.5 for xylanase, respectively. Both enzymes were not stable at high temperatures and xylanase was less stable than mannanase. In addition, wheat bran was hydrolyzed to liberate reducing sugar to a greater extent than rice bran by the culture filtrate because the wheat bran contained more arabinoxylan than the rice bran. Hence, xylanase and mannanase produced by B. subtilis YB-30 have a potential use as feed additive enzymes.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2010

A gene encoding the mannanase of Bacillus licheniformis WL-12, which had been isolated from Korean soybean paste, was cloned into Escherichia coli and nucleotide sequence of the mannanase gene was subsequently determined. The mannanase gene consisted of 1,080 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 360 amino acid residues. The deduced amino acid sequence was identical to that of putative mannanase from B. liceniformis DSM13 belonging to GH family 26. The mannanase was partially purified from cell-free extract of the recombinant Escherichia coli carrying a WL-12 mannanase gene by ammonium sulfate fractionation and DEAE-Sepharose column chromatography. Optimal conditions for the partially purified enzyme occurred at pH 6.0 and $65^{\circ}C$. The enzyme showed higher activity on locust bean gum (LBG) galactomannan and konjac glucomannan than on guar gum galactomannan. The predominant products resulting from the mannanase hydrolysis were mannose, mannobiose and mannotriose for LBG or mannooligosaccharides. The enzyme could hydrolyze mannooligosaccharides larger than mannobiose.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.16-29
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• 1995

Choosing initial codevectors in the LBG algorithm controls the performance of a codebook, because it only guarantees a locally optimal codebook. In this paper, we propose the decision method of initial codevectors by a decision radius which takes for feature vectors DC, low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency terms generated by a DCT. The more the decision radius is increased in order to decide initial codevectors, the more the number of membership vectors and the standard deviation for distance among the initial codevectors are increased. To obtain improved performance for a codebook, the decision radius for DC term is required above 0.9 of the membership rate and those for low frequency, medium frequency and high frequency terms under 0.6 of it.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1170-1184
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Skipping breakfast is prevalent in young adult women. This study examined the psychosocial factors and eating behaviors according to the breakfast frequency among female university students. SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were female university students in Seoul, South Korea. A survey was done, and the data from 291 students were analyzed. The subjects were categorized into a high breakfast group (HBG) and low breakfast group (LBG). Analysis of covariance and multiple linear regression were mainly used in data analysis. RESULTS: The subjects had breakfast 3.6 days/week on average. The HBG (47.4%) and the LBG (52.6%) differed significantly in breakfast status, including place, people eating together, breakfast menu, and breakfast preparers (P < 0.001). The HBG agreed more strongly with the advantages of breakfast than the LBG (P < 0.001). The disadvantages/barriers of breakfast were stronger in the LBG (P < 0.001). The HBG felt more confidence in having breakfast (P < 0.001) and confidence in general eating behaviors (P < 0.05). The two groups also differed in the subjective norms from parents/professionals (P < 0.001) and siblings/friends (P < 0.01). The HBG showed desirable eating behaviors more frequently (P < 0.001) and undesirable eating behaviors less frequently (P < 0.001). Multiple regression showed that the following were significantly related to the breakfast frequency, explaining 57.3% of the variance: self-efficacy regarding having breakfast (P < 0.001), perceived barriers of breakfast (no appetite/habit/indigestion, P < 0.001), desirable and undesirable eating behaviors (P < 0.01), subjective norms from parents/professionals (P < 0.05), and perceived barriers due to lack of time/preparation difficulties (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial factors and eating behaviors were significantly related to the breakfast frequency. Nutrition education might include strategies to increase self-efficacy for breakfast, modify the beliefs, particularly the disadvantages/barriers of breakfast, adopt desirable eating behaviors, and elicit support from significant others.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.2C
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• pp.109-116
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• 2006

Many application scenarios of ultra-wideband(UWB) radio assume non-line-of-sigit(non-LoS) signal propagations. Through-material propagation of UWB signal introduces a distortion of the waveform as well as attenuation, which will introduce a decrease of the correlation coefficient between the correlator template and the received signal. A hypothesis test approach to selection of the template waveform for UWB rake receivers is posed. Linde-Buzo-Gray(LBG) algorithm is used to select the candidate waveforms which are used to setup the hypothesis test. The performance of the algorithm is tested using a set of indoor non-LoS propagation measurement data.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.88 no.2
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• pp.179-188
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• 2023

The mechanical behaviours of biopolymer-treated soil depend on the formation of soil-biopolymer matrices. In this study, various biopolymers(e.g., xanthan gum (XG), locust bean gum (LBG), sodium alginate (SA), agar gum (AG), gellan gum (GE) and carrageenan kappa gum (KG) are selected to treat three types of natural soil at different concentrations (e.g., 1%, 2% and 3%) and curing time (e.g., 4-365 days), and reveal the reinforcement effect on natural soil by using unconfined compression tests. The results show that biopolymer-treated soil obtains the maximum unconfined compressive strength (UCS) at curing 14-28 days. Although the UCS of biopolymer-treated soil has a 20-30% reduction after curing 1-year compared to the maximum value, it is still significantly larger than untreated soil. In addition, the UCS increment ratio of biopolymer-treated soil decreases with the increase of biopolymer concentration, and there exists the optimum concentration of 1%, 2-3%, 2%, 1% and 2% for XG, SA, LBG, KG and AG, respectively. Meanwhile, the optimum initial moisture content can form uniformly biopolymer-soil matrices to obtain better reinforcement efficiency. Furthermore, the best performance in increasing soil strength is XG following SAand LBG, which are significantly better than AG, KG and GE.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1003-1010
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• 2017

An open reading frame coding for mannanase predicted from the partial genomic sequence of Paenibacillus woosongensis was cloned into Escherichia coli by polymerase chain reaction amplification, and completely sequenced. This mannanase gene, designated man26AT, consisted of 3,162 nucleotides encoding a polypeptide of 1,053 amino acid residues. Based on the deduced amino acid sequence, Man26AT was identified as a modular enzyme, which included a catalytic domain belonging to the glycosyl hydrolase family 26 and two carbohydrate-binding modules, CBM27 and CBM11. The amino acid sequence of Man26AT was homologous to that of several putative mannanases, with identity of 81% for P. ihumii and identity of less than 57% for other strains of Paenibacillus. A cell-free extract of recombinant E. coli carrying the man26AT gene showed maximal mannanase activity at $55^{\circ}C$ and pH 5.5. The enzyme retained above 80% of maximal activity after preincubation for 1 h at $50^{\circ}C$. Man26AT was comparably active on locust bean gum (LBG), galactomanan, and kojac glucomannan, whereas it did not exhibit activity on carboxymethylcellulose, xylan, or para-nitrophenyl-${\beta}$-mannopyranoside. The common end products liberated from mannooligosaccharides, including mannotriose, mannotetraose, mannopentaose, and mannohexaose, or LBG by Man26AT were mannose, mannobiose, and mannotriose. Mannooligosacchrides larger than mannotriose were found in enzymatic hydrolyzates of LBG and guar gum, respectively. However, Man26AT was unable to hydrolyze mannobiose. Man26AT was intracellularly degraded into at least three active proteins with different molecular masses by zymogram.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.284-288
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• 2006

In this paper, we apply several pattern recognition algorithms to emotion recognition system with speech signal and compare the results. Firstly, we need emotional speech databases. Also, speech features for emotion recognition is determined on the database analysis step. Secondly, recognition algorithms are applied to these speech features. The algorithms we try are artificial neural network, Bayesian learning, Principal Component Analysis, LBG algorithm. Thereafter, the performance gap of these methods is presented on the experiment result section. Truly, emotion recognition technique is not mature. That is, the emotion feature selection, relevant classification method selection, all these problems are disputable. So, we wish this paper to be a reference for the disputes.