• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제51권3호
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• pp.233-237
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• 2008

우리나라의 자생식물인 털진달래(Rhododendon mucronulatum Turcz. var. ciliatum Nakai)지상부위로부터 정유를 얻고, 휘발성분을 headspace(HS)와 solid-phase microextraction(SPME)법으로 흡착시킨 다음 GC-MS로 분석하였다. 털진달래 정유에는 탄화수소 15종, 알코올 3종, 아세테이트 1종 등 총 19종의 화학성분이 함유되어 있었으며, 다함량 성분은 2-${\beta}$-pinene(16.1%), camphene(11.9%), ${\delta}$-3-carene(11.4%), d,l-limonene(9.5%), and ${\gamma}$-terpinene(9.5%)이었다. SPME법으로 흡착된 시료에는 탄화수소 13종, 알코올 1종, 질소화합물 1종 등 총 17종의 휘발성 화학물질이 함유되어 있었고, 이들 중 다함량 성분은 camphene(19.6%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene(18.0%), ${\delta}$-3-carene(17.4%), timethyl hydrazine(9.7%), ${\gamma}$-terpinene(8.5%), and d,l-limonene(5.5%)이었다. 그리고 HS법으로 흡착된 시료에는 탄화수소 11종, 알코올 1종, 질소화합물 1종 등 총 13종의 휘발성 화학물질이 함유되어 있었으며, 이들 중 다함량 성분은 camphene(25.8%), ${\delta}$-3-carene(24.8%), 2-${\beta}$-pinene(20.2%), d,l-limonene(5.4%), tricyclene(5.1%), trimethyl hydrazine(4.6%)이었다. 털진달래 정유의 향취는 coniferous, balsamic, woody하였으며, HaCaT 각질형성세포에 대한 $IC_{50}$ 값은 0.030 ${\mu}g/mg$이었다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.131-140
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• 2006

Neurofascin은 L1CAM의 하나로 신경섬유의 발달과정에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 말초신경의 수초형성과 관련된 neurofascin의 역할을 알아볼 목적으로 면역형광염색과 면역전자현미경기법을 이용하여 랫드의 수초좌골신경섬유에서 neurofascin의 분포를 추구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.수초형성이 진행됨에 따라 좌골신경섬유에서 neurofascin 분포는 매우 심하게 변화되었다. 2. 수초신경섬유에서 neurofascin은 Ranvier마디에서 약하게 국재하였다. 3. Neurofascin은 수초신경섬유의 paranodal loop, Schmidt-Lantermann incisure, 속축삭사이막, 바깥축삭사이막처럼 Schwann세포의 막이 밀착되지 않은 부위에서도 뚜렷하게 국재하였다. 이상의 연구결과로 neurofascin은 Schwann세포의 마주보는 막사이에 이상적인 간격을 유지하는데 어떤 역할을 하는 것으로 생각되며, 수초층에서 물질이동이 가능하게 하는 것으로 보인다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.252-257
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• 1997

Cu-brazed layer between the sintered-cam(Fe-5Cr-lMo-0.5P-2.5C, wt%) and seamless steelpipe(0.25-0.35C, 0.3-1.0 Mn, bal Fe, wt%) in the camshaft shows a columnar structure of $\gamma$-phase growing from the steel pipe. Liquid phase sintered 60Fe-40Cu alloys are carburized to simulate the brazing process giving rise to the columnar growth. Liquid film migrations and columnar growth of $\gamma$-grains are observed in the carburized regions. The $\gamma$-grains grow in the same direction as the C-diffusion. Fe-solubility in the liquid of carburized region is higher than in the uncarburized by about 0.3 at%. The columnar growth is driven by the gradient of the supersaturated Fe-solute in the liquid between two adjacent $\gamma$-grains.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.157-166
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• 2006

In order to model blending surfaces with curvature continuity, in this paper we apply sixth order partial differential equations (PDEs), which are solved with a composite power series based method. The proposed composite power series based approach meets boundary conditions exactly, minimises the errors of the PDEs, and creates almost as accurate blending surfaces as those from the closed form solution that is the most accurate but achievable only for some simple blending problems. Since only a few unknown constants are involved, the proposed method is comparable with the closed form solution in terms of computational efficiency. Moreover, it can be used to construct 3- or 4-sided patches through the satisfaction of continuities along all edges of the patches. Therefore, the developed method is simpler and more efficient than numerical methods, more powerful than the analytical methods, and can be implemented into an effective tool for the generation and manipulation of complex free-form surfaces.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제3권1_2호
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• pp.111-117
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• 2003

The paper presents an efficient algorithm based on ROAM for visualization of large scale terrain models in real-time. The quality and smoothness of the terrain data visualization within a 3D interactive environment is preserved, while the complexity of the algorithm is kept on a reasonable level. The main contribution of the paper is an introduction of a number of efficient techniques such as implicit coordinates method within the patch array representing ROAM and the viewpoint dependent triangle rendering method for dynamic level of detail (LOD) updates. In addition, the paper presents experimental comparison of a variety of culling techniques, including a newly introduced method: relational position culling. These techniques are incorporated in the visualization software, which allows to achieve more realistic terrain representation and the real-time level of detail reduction.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.7-17
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• 2014

Objectives: Condurango is widely used in various systems of complementary and alternative medicines (CAM) against oesophageal and stomach ailments including certain types of cancer. However, until now no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy and dose with proper experimental support. Therefore, we examined if ethanolic extract of Condurango could ameliorate benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer in rats, in vivo to validate its use as traditional medicine. Methods: Fifteen male and 15 female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were treated with 0.28 mg/kg of Sweet Bee Venom (SBV) (high-dosage group) and the same numbers of male and female SD rats were treated with 0.2 mL/kg of normal saline (control group) for 13 weeks. We selected five male and five female SD rats from the high-dosage group and the same numbers of male and female SD rats from the control group, and we observed these rats for four weeks. We conducted body-weight measurements, ophthalmic examinations, urinalyses and hematology, biochemistry, histology tests. Results: A histological study revealed gradual progress in lung tissue-repair activity in Condurango-fed cancer-bearing rats, showing gradual tissue recovery after three months of drug administration. Condurango has the capacity to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may contribute to a reduction in anti-oxidative activity and to an induction of oxidative stress-mediated cancer cell-death. Condurango-activated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, cytochrome-c, apaf-1, ICAD and PARP) and down-regulated antiapoptotic-Bcl-2 expression were noted both at mRNA and protein levels. Studies on caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage by western blot analysis revealed that Condurango induced apoptosis through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. Conclusion: The anticancer efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Condurango for treating BaP-induced lung cancer in rats lends support for its use in various traditional systems of medicine.

• 천문학회보
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2017

Over the last decade, deep studies of nearby galaxies have led to the discovery of vast stellar envelopes that are often rich in substructure. These components are naturally predicted in models of hierarchical galaxy assembly, and their observed properties place important constraints on the amount, nature, and history of satellite accretion. One of the most effective ways of mapping the peripheral regions of galaxies is through resolved star studies. Using wide-field cameras equipped to 8 m class telescopes, it has recently become possible to extend these studies to systems beyond the Local Group. Located at a distance of 3.6 Mpc, M81 is a prime target for wide-field mapping of its resolved stellar content. In this talk, we present the detailed results from our deep wide-field imaging survey of the M81 group with the Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC), on the Subaru Telescope. We report on the analysis of the structures, stellar populations, and metallicities of old dwarf galaxies such as NGC3077, IKN, KDG061, as well as young stellar systems such as Arp's Loop and Holmberg IX. Several candidates for yet-undiscovered faint dwarf galaxies and young stellar clumps in the M81 group will also be introduced. The peculiar galaxy NGC3077 has been classified as the irregular galaxy. Okamoto et al. (2015, ApJ 809, L1) discovered an extended halo structure with S-shape elongated tails, obvious feature of tidal interaction. With a help of numerical simulation by Penarrubia et al. (2009, ApJ 698, 222), we will demonstrate that this tidal feature was formed during the latest close encounters between M81, M82, and NGC 3077, which induced star formation in tidally stripped gas far from the main bodies of galaxies. It is not clear whether the latest tidal interaction was the first close encounters of three galaxies. If NGC3077 is still surrounded by the dark matter halo, it implies that NGC3077 has undergone the first tidal stripping by larger companions. Kinematic studies of inter galactic globular clusters and planetary nebulae would tell us the past history of tidal interaction in this group of galaxies.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.86-87
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• 2015

Objectives: Condurango is widely used in various systems of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) against oesophageal and stomach ailments including certain types of cancer. However, until now no systematic study has been conducted to verify its efficacy and dose with proper experimental support. Therefore, we examined if ethanolic extract of Condurango could ameliorate benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)-induced lung cancer in rats in vivo to validate its use as a traditional medicine. Methods: After one month of scheduled BaP feeding (50 mg/kg body-weight), lung cancer developed after four months. BaP-intoxicated rats were then treated with Condurango (0.06 mL) twice daily starting at the end of the four months for an additional one, two and three months, respectively. Effects of Condurango were evaluated by analyzing lung histology, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant biomarkers, DNA-fragmentation, RT-PCR (Reverese Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction), ELISA (Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay) and western blot of several apoptotic signalling markers and comparing the results against those obtained for controls. Results: A histological study revealed gradual progress in lung tissue-repair activity in Condurango-fed cancer-bearing rats, showing gradual tissue recovery after three months of drug administration. Condurango has the capacity to generate ROS, which may contribute to a reduction in anti-oxidative activity and to an induction of oxidative stress-mediated cancer-cell death. Condurango-activated pro-apoptotic genes (Bax, caspase-3, caspase-9, p53, cytochrome-c, apaf-1, ICAD and PARP) and down-regulated antiapoptotic-Bcl-2 expression were noted both at mRNA and protein levels. Studies on caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage by western blot analysis revealed that Condurango induced apoptosis through a caspase-3-dependent pathway. Conclusions: The anticancer efficacy of an ethanolic extract of Condurango for treating BaP-induced lung cancer in rats lends support for its use in various traditional systems of medicine.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.490-494
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• 2011

즉석섭취편이 식품중 신선편의식품(fresh-cut-vegetable)인 새싹채소와 샐러드의 수요는 급증하고 있으나 특히 새싹채소의 미생물 품질평가를 위한 자료가 거의 없는 상황이다. 따라서 국내 대형할인마트에서 유통중인 새싹채소 50제품, 샐러드 30제품을 수집하여 총 호기성균, 대장균군, E. coli, Salmonella spp, S. aureus, B. cereus, L. monocytogenes, Cam. jejuni, C. perfringens의 오염 연구를 수행하였다. 총 호기성균은 새싹채소에서는 7.95 log CFU/g 검출되었으며 샐러드에서 평균 6.70 log CFU/g검출되어 샐러드 보다 새싹채소에서 약 1 log CFU/g 더 높게 검출되었다. 대장균군은 새싹채소에서 6.69 log CFU/g 검출되었고 샐러드에서 평균 5.42 log CFU/g 검출되었다. E. coli은 새싹채소 50제품 중 16제품(32%)에서 2.38 log CFU/g으로 검출되었고 샐러드 30제품 중 8제품(27%)에서 2.21 log CFU/g으로 검출되었다. B. cereus는 새싹채소 50제품 중 16제품(32%)이 검출되었고 샐러드 30제품 중 16제품(53%)가 검출되었으나 대부분이 3 log CFU/g 이하의 검출율을 보여 주었다. Salmonella, S. aureus, L. monocytogenes, Cam. jejuni, C. perfringens는 검출되지 않았다. 그러므로 분석된 새싹채소와 샐러드에서 B. cereus이외에 다른 식중독 병원성 미생물의 위해 가능성은 크지 않은 것으로 보인다. 그러나 총 세균수가 높게 검출되었고 위생지표세균인 대장균의 검출율이 높아서 이들 식품의 미생물 안전성을 확보하기 위해서 보다 더 철저한 생산유통관리가 요망되며 특별히 새싹채소에 대한 미생물안전성 확보에 대한 노력이 요구된다.

• International Journal of CAD/CAM
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2006

A new method to obtain explicit re-parameterization that preserves the curve degree and parametric domain is presented in this paper. The re-parameterization brings a curve very close to the arc length parameterization under $L_2$ norm but with less segmentation. The re-parameterization functions we used are $C^1$ continuous piecewise rational linear functions, which provide more flexibility and can be easily identified by solving a quadratic equation. Based on the outstanding performance of Mobius transformation on modifying pieces with monotonic parametric speed, we first create a partition of the original curve, in which the parametric speed of each segment is of monotonic variation. The values of new parameters corresponding to the subdivision points are specified a priori as the ratio of its cumulative arc length and its total arc length. $C^1$ continuity conditions are imposed to each segment, thus, with respect to the new parameters, the objective function is linear and admits a closed-form optimization. Illustrative examples are also given to assess the performance of our new method.