• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.533-542
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• 2014

This study was performed to investigate the effects of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) on various quality and antioxidant activity of hamburger patties. Lemon balm extract (LBE) showed the highest amount of total polyphenol (801.00 mg TAE/g DW) and flavonoids (65.05 mg RA/g DW). The $IC_{50}$ value of DPPH hydroxyl scavenging of LBE was $132{\mu}g/mL$. The hamburger patties were prepared by 0% (N), 0.1% (L1), 0.5% (L2), and 1.0% (L3) of the lemon balm powder. The addition of lemon balm powder increased the chewiness value, but did not affect the hardness, cohesiveness, and springiness values. Lemon balm powder had positive effects on sensory evaluation of patties. The pH of all patties decreased with longer storage period. 2-Thiobarbituric acid value, volatile basic nitrogen content, and the total microbial counts of hamburger patties in the L3 group were lower, compared to those of the normal (N group). In conclusion, the L3 group had significantly delayed lipid peroxidation compared to other treatment groups. However, the addition of lemon balm powder into patties showed no significantly influence on proximate composition, calorie contents, water holding capacity and cooking loss of patties. Therefore, lemon balm might be a useful natural antioxidant additive in meat products.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.416-422
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• 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of each light intensity and photoperiod combination on the growth and glucosinolates (GSLs) content of three species of Brassicaceae plants under the same daily light integral (DLI) conditions. Seeds of leaf mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern.), red mustard(Brassica juncea L.) and kale (Brassica oleracea L. var. acephala (DC.) Alef.) were sown in a rockwool cubes and grown for three weeks. DLI was set to 10 mol·m^-2·d^-1 and treated with 10h-280, 14h-200, 18h-155, 22h-127 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 for three weeks. As a result at 14h-200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 treatment, shoot fresh/dry weight, the number of leaves, and leaf area were increased in leaf mustard and kale but there was no significant difference in other treatments. In the total GSLs content, the treatment of 14h-200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 increased significantly 139.95, 135.87, 154.03% compared to 10h-280, 18h-155, 22h-127 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 treatment in red mustard, and 14h-200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 treatment increased significantly 132.96, 132.96, 134.03% compared to other treatments in kale. In red mustard, the treatment of 18h-155 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 showed an increase in shoot fresh/dry weight and the total GSLs contents than other photoperiods and 14h-200 µmol·m^-2·s^-1 treatment, the number of leaves significantly 15.62, 12.12, and 32.14% higher than other photoperiods. Since the DLI response is different depending on species even for similar Brassicaceae crops, it is necessary to get more detailed results by conducting optical light quality studies and deriving optimal DLI conditions to achieve minimum power consumption and maximum efficiency.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.268-272
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• 2003

Experiments were carried out to investigate the selection of industrial medium and optimization of fermentation process for the production of erythritol by Candida magnoliae SR101. In the batch fermentation, light steep water(LSW) was the best nitrogen source for the industrial production of erythritol. For the optimization of culture condition, the batch culture was performed. When the concentration of LSW was 65 mL/L in the defined medium containing 250 g/L of glucose, 44% of erythritol yield with 110 g/L of erythritol concentration and 0.66 g/L-hr of productivity, respectively were obtained. Two-stage fed-batch culture was performed to improve the volumetric productivity of erythritol. High density cell culture in the growth stage was performed by batch type with 100 g/L glucose and 500 mL/L LSW concentration, respectively. The cell yield was 0.72 g-cell/g-glucose. Productivity of erythritol was increased and concentration of organic acids such as gluconic acid and acetic acid were decreased when initial pH of 6.5 controlled by 28% ammonia water For increasing yield of erythritol, glucose concentration in the production stage was tested. 37% of total erythritol yield with 186 g/L of erythritol concentration and 1.66 g/L-hr of erythritol productivity were obtained when 820 g of glucose powder was directly added for making up 450 g/L of glucose at production stage.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.128-132
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• 2007

The red yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous (previously named Phaffia rhodozyma) produces astaxanthin pigment among many carotenoids. The mutant X. dendrorhous G276 was isolated by chemical mutagenesis. The mutant produced about 2.0 mg of carotenoid per g of yeast cell dry weight and 8.0 mg/L of carotenoid after 5 days batch culture with YM media; in comparison, the parent strain produced 0.66 mg/g of yeast cell dry weight and a carotenoid concentration of 4.5 mg/L. We characterized the utilization of carbon sources by the mutant strain and screened various edible plant extracts to enhance the carotenoid production. The addition of Perilla frutescens (final concentration, 5%) or Allium fistulosum extracts (final concentration, 1%) enhanced the pigment production to about 32 mg/L. In a batch fermentor, addition of Perilla frutescens extract reduced the cultivation time by two days compared to control (no extract), which usually required five-day incubation to fully produce astaxanthin. The results suggest that plant extracts such as Perilla frutescens can effectively enhance astaxanthin production.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.459-464
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• 2004

The objective of this study is to improve cephalosporin C (CPC) production byoptimization of medium and culture conditions. A statistical method was introduced to optimize the main culture medium. The main medium for CPC production was optimized using a statistical method. Glucose and corn steep liquor (CSL) were found to be the most effective factors for CPC production. Glucose and CSL were optimized to 2.84 and $6.68\%$, respectively. CPC produc­tion was improved $50\%$ by feeding of $5\%$ rice oil at day 3rd and 5th day during the shake flask culture of C acremonium M25. The effect of agitation speeds on CPC production in a 2.5-L bio­reactor was also investigated with fed-batch mode. The maximum cell mass (54.5 g/L) was obtained at 600 rpm. However, the maximum CPC production (0.98 g/L) was obtained at 500 rpm. At this condition, the maximum CPC production was improved about $132\%$ compared to the re­sult with batch flask culture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.580-587
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• 2004

The objective of this research is to investigate the electrochemical oxidation process for nitrogen removal in wastewater involving chloride ion and nitrogen compounds. The process experiment of electrochemical oxidation was conducted by using the stainless steel tube type reactor and the $Ti/IrO_2$ as anode. Free chlorine production and current efficiency variation for total nitrogen removal was compared depending on whether electrolyte is added, and the nitrogen type distribution under an operating condition. When chloride was added as electrolyte, it was found that production of free chlorine increased and the concentration of the chloride decreased as retention time passed. The concentration of chloride in influent decreased from 1,660 to 1,198 mg/L at the current density of $6.7A/dm^2$, while concentration of free chlorine increased to 132 mg/L. Current efficiency in removal of ammonium nitrogen was increased when chloride was dosed as electrolyte. It was observed that ammonium nitrogen was oxidized to nitrite and nitrate through electrochemical oxidation and that the concentration of total nitrogen in influent was reduced from 22.58 to 4.00 mg/L at the short retention time of 168 seconds through the electrochemical oxidation of nitrogen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.127-132
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• 2001

This research was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial activities of ethanol extracts from omija against the 12 icroorganism including bacteria, yeast and mold. The extracts inhibited the growth of bacteria, but not yeast or mold. Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of B. subtilis and S. aureus was 1.6~3.2 mg/mL, and those of gram(-) bacteria, including E. coli, were 6.3~12.5 mg/mL. Growth of B. subtilis and S. aureus were retarded by adding 900 ppm and 300 ppm of ethanol extracts. Anthimicrobial activity of the ethanol extracts was not destroyed by heating. In comparison of endocarps extracts with the ethanol from the seed extracts, the ethanol extracts of endocarps showed the high antimicrobial activity.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.127-132
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• 2002

This paper proposes a sensor-fusion technique where the data sets for the previous moments are properly transformed and fused into the current data sets to enable accurate measurement, such as, distance to an obstacle and location of the service robot itself. In the conventional fusion schemes, the measurement is dependent on the current data sets. As the results, more of sensors are required to measure a certain physical parameter or to improve the accuracy of the measurement. However, in this approach, instead of adding more sensors to the system the temporal sequence of the data sets are stored and utilized for the measurement improvement. Theoretical basis is illustrated by examples and the effectiveness is proved through the simulations. finally, the new space and time sensor fusion (STSF) scheme is applied to the control of a mobile robot in an unstructured environment as well as structured environment.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1999.11a
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• pp.132-135
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• 1999

Recently, the ceramics of high permittivity are applied to DRAM and FRAM. In this study, (B $a_{x}$ S $r_{l-x}$)Ti $O_3$(BST) ceramics thin films were prepared by Sol-Gel method. BST solution was made and spin-coated on Pt/ $SiO_2$/Si substrate at 4000 [rpm] for 10 seconds. Coated specimens were dried at 150[$^{\circ}C$] for 5 minutes. Coating process was repeated 3 times and then sintered at 750[$^{\circ}C$] for 30 minutes. Each specimen was analyzed structure and electrical characteristics. Thickness of BST ceramics thin films are about 2000($\AA$). Dielectric constant and loss of thin films was little decreased at 1[KHz] ~1[KHz]. Dielectric constant and loss to frequency were 250 and 0.02 in $Ba_{0.7}$S $r_{0.3}$Ti $O_3$. The properly of leakage current as the realation between the current and the voltage was that change of the leakage current was stable when the applied voltage was 0~3[V].

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.221-226
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• 2010

The effects of sesamin on dopamine biosynthesis in PC12 cells were investigated. Sesamin at concentration ranges of 20-75 ${\mu}M$ significantly increased intracellular dopamine levels and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) activities at 24 h: 50 ${\mu}M$ sesamin increased dopamine levels to 132% and TH activities to 128% of control levels. Sesamin (50 ${\mu}M$) induced the phosphorylation of TH, cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cyclic AMP-response element binding protein (CREB) for 0.5-24 h. Sesamin (50 ${\mu}M$) also increased the mRNA levels of TH and CREB for 3-24 h. In addition, sesamin (50 ${\mu}M$) associated with L-DOPA (50 and 100 ${\mu}M$) further increased the intracellular levels of dopamine for 24 h compared to L-DOPA alone. These results suggest that sesamin enhances dopamine biosynthesis and L-DOPA-induced increase in dopamine levels by inducing TH activity and TH gene expression, which is mediated by PKA-CREB systems in PC12 cells. Therefore, sesamin could serve as an adjuvant phytonutrient for neurodegenerative diseases.