• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2008

The crystal structures and morphologies of precipitates in $L1_0$-ordered TiAl intermetallics containing nitrogen were investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Under aging at an approximate temperature of 1073 K after quenching from 1423 K, TiAl hardens appreciably due to the nitride precipitation. TEM observations revealed that needle-like precipitates, which lie only in one direction parallel to the [001] axis of the $L1_0$-TiAl matrix, appear in the matrix preferentially at the dislocations. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analyses showed that the needle-shaped precipitate is perovskite-type $Ti_3AlN$ (P-phase). The orientation relationship between the P-phase and the $L1_0$-TiAl matrix was found to be $(001)_P//(001)_{TiAl}\;and\;[010]_P//[010]_{TiAl}$. By aging at higher temperatures or for longer periods at 1073 K, plate-like precipitates of $Ti_2AlN$ (H-phase) with a hexagonal structure formed on the {111} planes of the $L1_0$-TiAl matrix. The orientation relationship between the $Ti_2AlN$ and the $L1_0$-TiAl matrix is $(0001)_H//(111)_{TiAl}\;and\;_H//_{TiAl}$.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.22-40
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• 1982

조화 단진동자 파동함수를 써서 원자핵의 LS에너지 행열요소를 계산하였다. 범위는 1$_1$= $l_{s}$ , $l_2$=lp, $l_3$=ld, 2s, $l_4$=1f, 2p, $l_{5}$ =1g, 2d, 3s라 ( $l_{i}$ $l_{i+1}$｜ $l_{i}$ $l_{i+1}$)의 배치에 대한 것이었다. 계산결과는 Talmi적분 $I_1$과 Slater 적분 $F^{k}$ 를 써서 표시하였다. 또 여러가지 합법칙을 유도하고 이를 써서 계산의 결과를 검산하였다.하였다.

• 충청수학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.571-579
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• 2014

In this paper, we present new vector generators of a matrix subalgebra $L_{0,n}$, which is isomorphic to the Clifford algebra $C{\ell}_{0,n}$, and we obtain the matrix form of inverse of a vector in $L_{0,n}$. Moreover, we consider the solution of a linear equation $xg_2=g_2x$, where $g_2$ is a vector generator of $L_{0,n}$.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제32권3_4호
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• pp.389-403
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• 2014

In this paper, we first provide comparison results of preconditioned AOR methods with direct preconditioners $I+{\beta}L$, $I+{\beta}U$ and $I+{\beta}(L+U)$ for solving a linear system whose coefficient matrix is a large sparse irreducible L-matrix, where ${\beta}$ > 0. Next we propose how to find a near optimal parameter ${\beta}$ for which Krylov subspace method with these direct preconditioners performs nearly best. Lastly numerical experiments are provided to compare the performance of preconditioned iterative methods and to illustrate the theoretical results.

• 호남수학학술지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.399-412
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• 2010

In this paper, we consider a preconditioned accelerated overrelaxation (PAOR) method to solve systems of linear equations. We show the convergence of the PAOR method. We also give com-parison results when the coefficient matrix is an L- or H-matrix. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to show efficiency of PAOR method.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제26권3_4호
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• pp.605-614
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• 2008

In this paper, we find the matrix representation of multi-degree reduction by $L_{\infty}$ of $B{\acute{e}}zier$ curves with constraints of endpoints continuity. Using the basis transformation between Chebyshev polynomials and Bernstein polynomials we can derive the matrix representation of multi-degree reduction of $B{\acute{e}}zier$ with respect to $L_{\infty}$ norm.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.291-298
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• 2011

Yam extracts (Dioscorea batatas) have been reported to possess a variety of functions. However, studies on its osteogenic properties are limited. In this study, we investigated the effect of ethanol and water extracts on osteoblast proliferation and bone matrix protein synthesis, type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), using osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cell model. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with yam ethanol and water extracts (0~30 mg/L) within 39 days of osteoblast differentiation period. Cell proliferation was measured by MTT assay. Bone matrix proteins were assessed by the accumulation of type I collagen and ALP activity by staining the cell layers for matrix staining. Also, the secreted (media) matrix protein concentration (type I collagen) and enzyme activity (ALP) were measured colorimetrically. Yam ethanol and water extracts stimulated cell proliferation within the range of 15~30 mg/L at 15 day treatment. The accumulation of type I collagen in the extracellular matrix, as well as secreted collagen in the media, increased with increasing doses of yam ethanol (3~15 mg/L) and water (3~30 mg/L) extracts. ALP activity was not affected by yam ethanol extracts. Our results demonstrated that yam extracts stimulated osteoblast proliferation and enhanced the accumulation of the collagenous bone matrix protein type I collagen in the extracellular matrix. These results suggest that yam extracts may be a potential activator for bone formation by increasing osteoblast proliferation and increasing bone matrix protein type I collagen. Before confirming the osteogenic action of yam, further studies for clarifying how and whereby yam extracts can stimulate this ostegenesis action are required.

• 방송공학회논문지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.60-65
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 영상에 존재하는 잡음 (noise) 들을 제거하는 방법 중 하나인 비 지역적 평균 (non-local means, NLM) 알고리즘을 먼저 소개하고 비 지역적 평균 알고리즘의 개선된 방법 중 하나인 주성분 분석 (principal component analysis, PCA) 기반의 알고리즘에 대해서도 소개한다. 주성분 분석을 활용하기 위해서는 선행적으로 공분산 행렬 (covariance matrix)을 구해야 하는데, 영상의 모든 픽셀들을 대상으로 하였을 때 이 공분산 행렬을 구하기 위해서는 큰 크기를 가지는 행렬 곱 연산이 필요하다. 만약 비 지역적 평균 알고리즘의 영상 패치 (neighborhood patch) 의 크기를 S × S = S², 영상 전체의 픽셀 수를 Q라고 한다면 공분산 행렬을 구하기 위해서는 S² × Q 크기의 행렬 곱 연산이 필요하게 된다. 이는 영상의 특성을 고려하면 비효율적인 연산이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 공분산 행렬을 효율적으로 구하기 위해, 영상 패치들간의 일정 간격을 유지하면서 샘플링을 하는 방법을 제안하고자 한다. 최종적으로, 샘플링 후에는 S² × floor (Width/l) × (Height/l) 크기를 가진 행렬의 곱 연산으로 공분산 행렬을 구할 수 있다.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2009년도 제38회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.472-472
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• 2010

The tomography has played a key role in tokamak plasma diagnostics for image reconstruction. The Phillips-Tikhonov (P-T) regularization method was attempted in this work to reconstruct cross-sectional phantom images of the plasma by minimizing the gradient between adjacent pixel data. Recent studies about the comparison of the several tomographic reconstruction methods showed that the P-T method produced more accurate results. We have studied existing Laplacian matrix used in Phillips-Tikhonov regularization method and developed modified Laplacian matrix (Modified L). The comparison of the reconstruction result by the modified L and existing L showed that modified L produced more accurate result. The difference was significantly pronounced when a portion of plasma was reconstructed. These results can be utilized in the Edge Plasma diagnostics; especially in divertor diagnostics on tokamak a large impact is expected. In addition, accurate reconstruction results from received data in only one direction were confirmed through phantom test by using P-T method with modified L. These results can be applied to the tangentially viewing pin-hole camera diagnostics on tokamak.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.233-236
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• 2004

Total impurity analysis of a primary standard solution is one of the essential procedures to determine an accurate concentration of the standard solution by the gravimetry. Bi impurity is determined in Pb standard solutions by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The direct nebulization of the Pb standard solution produces a significant amount of the Pb matrix-induced molecular ions which give rise to a serious spectral interference to the Bi determination. In order to avoid the spectral interference from the interferent $^{208}PbH^+$, the hydride generation method is employed for the matrix separation. The Bi hydride vapor is generated by reaction of the sample solution with 1% sodium borohydride solution. The vapor is then directed by argon carrier gas into the ICP after separation from the mixture solution in a liquid-gas separator made of a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane tube. The presence of 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix caused reduction of the bismuthine generation efficiency by about 40%. The standard addition method is used to overcome the chemical interference from the Pb matrix. Optimum conditions are investigated for the hydride-generation ICPMS. The detection limit of this method is 0.5 pg/mL for the sample solutions containing 1000 ${\mu}$g/mL Pb matrix.