• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 1983

The studies on the age determination of the spottybelly greenling, Agrammus agrammus, caught in the shore of Tongbaeksom were done by the articulative fossae of the vertebra through a stero-dissecting microscope. For determining annunli the vertebra had been cleaved lengthwise in the dorsoventral direction. Half of the vertebra had been fixed on Canada balsam with the flat side directed upwards. The alternation of two zones on the vertebra was observed. One is wide and light-colored, and the other is narrow and dark-colored. The annual layer, where the dark-colored zone shifts to the light-colored one, was appeared extending from July to August once a year. Study of the growth of A. agrammus was carried out by the method of back calculation from the vertebra.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.185-190
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• 2003

The effects of pine needle extract and horseradish on the growth of Vibrio isolated from crab and flat fish were investigated. The isolated Vibrios were identified as Vibrio parahaemolyticus HY I and V. vulnificus FST I by Api 20E kit. The growth of V. parahaemolyticus HY 1, V. vulnificus FST I and V. perahaernolytich ATCC17802 were inhibited in tryptic soy broth (TSB) containing 1% pine needle ethanol extract. The growth of the Vibrios was more 2 log inhibited in TSB containing 1% pine needle extract and 1% horseradish than in TSB containing 1% horseradish alone. Viable cells of tile Vibrios were decreased more rapidly about 2~3 log in soysauce containing 1% pine needle extract and 1% of horseradish than in soysauce and in soysauce containing 1% horeseradish. Sensory quality of horseradish sauce containing 1% of pine needle extract was similar to that of horseradish sauce (p<0.05).

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.481-493
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• 2018

Ultrasonic guided waves have attracted increasing attention for non-destructive testing (NDT) and structural health monitoring (SHM) of bridge cables. They offer advantages like single measurement, wide coverage of acoustical field, and long-range propagation capability. To design defect detection systems, it is essential to understand how guided waves propagate in cables and how to select the optimal excitation frequency and mode. However, certain cable characteristics such as multiple wires, anchorage, and polyethylene (PE) sheath increase the complexity in analyzing the guided wave propagation. In this study, guided wave modes for multi-wire bridge cables are identified by using a semi-analytical finite element (SAFE) technique to obtain relevant dispersion curves. Numerical results indicated that the number of guided wave modes increases, the length of the flat region with a low frequency of L(0,1) mode becomes shorter, and the cutoff frequency for high order longitudinal wave modes becomes lower, as the number of steel wires in a cable increases. These findings were used in design of transducers for defect detection and selection of the optimal wave mode and frequency for subsequent experiments. A magnetostrictive transducer system was used to excite and detect the guided waves. The applicability of the proposed approach for detecting and locating wire breakages was demonstrated for a cable with 37 wires. The present ultrasonic guided wave method has been found to be very responsive to the number of brokenwires and is thus capable of detecting defects with varying sizes.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.67-74
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• 2011

In this study, we have investigated the effect of the substrate temperature on the structural and the electrical characteristics of IZO thin films for the OLED (organic light emitting diodes) devices. For this purpose, IZO thin films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering under various substrate temperature. The substrate temperature has been changed from room temperature to $400^{\circ}C$. Samples which were deposited under $250^{\circ}C$ show amorphous structure. The electrical resistivity of crystalline-IZO (c-IZO) film was higher than that of amorphous-IZO (a-IZO) film. And the electrical resistivity showed minimum value near $150^{\circ}C$ of deposition temperature. The OLED device was fabricated with different IZO substrates made by configuration of IZO/$\acute{a}$-NPD/DPVB/$Alq_3$/LiF/Al to elucidate the performance of IZO substrate. OLED devices with the amorphous-IZO (a-IZO) anode film show better current density-voltage-luminance characteristics than that of OLED devices with the commercial crystalline-ITO (c-ITO) anode film. It can be explained that very flat surface roughness and high work function of a-IZO anode film lead to more efficient hole injection by reduction of interface barrier height between anode and organic layers. This suggests that a-IZO film is a promising anode materials substituting conventional c-ITO anode in OLED devices.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.44-48
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• 2007

In recent years, the size of plane substrates and semiconductor wafers has increased. As conventional contact transportation systems composed of, for example, carrier rollers, belt conveyers, and robot hands carry these longer and wider substrates, the increased weight results in increased potential for fracture. A noncontact transportation system is required to solve this problem. We propose a new noncontact transportation system combining acoustic viscous and aerostatic forces to provide damage-free transport. In this system, substrates are supported by aerostatic force and transported by acoustic viscous streaming induced by traveling wave deformation of a disk-type stator. A ring-type piezoelectric transducer bonded on the stator excites vibration. A stator with a high Q piezoelectric transducer can generate traveling vibrations with amplitude of $3.2{\mu}m$. Prior to constructing a carrying road for substrates, we clarified the basic properties of this technique and stator vibration characteristics experimentally. We constructed the experimental equipment using a rotational disk with a 95-mm diameter. Electric power was 70 W at an input voltage of 200 Vpp. A rotational torque of $8.5\times10^{-5}Nm$ was obtained when clearance between the stator and disk was $120{\mu}m$. Finally, we constructed a noncontact transport apparatus for polycrystalline silicon wafers $(150(W)\times150(L)\times0.3(t))$, producing a carrying speed of 59.2 mm/s at a clearance of 0.3 mm between the stator and wafer. The carrying force when four stators acted on the wafer was $2\times10^{-3}N$. Thus, the new noncontact transportation system was demonstrated to be effective.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.71-80
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• 2002

The artistic idiom of expression in modern poster art make great use of visual illusion. These visual illusions serve carne in sharp relief the idea or concept the artist wishes set forth to the viewer. However we must look at area beyond the psychological impact of visual illusion to the evolutionary history of past and present poster art. The yes of such investigation reveals that the interest in the sub psychological impact of visual illusion is especially deep and reaches for back into the past in the West. Looking at the a of the 15th century in Europe, there is the tradition of drawing that gives the illusion of distance depth, arid substance know as trompe l'oeil, while actually utilizing a flat surface. On needs only look at the works of Arzhibauld, anamolphoses and the surrealism in the works Eschew to realize their influence modern poster art.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.463-479
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• 2007

A series of wind tunnel sectional model dynamic tests of a twin-deck bridge were conducted at the CLP Power Wind/Wave Tunnel Facility (WWTF) of The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) to investigate the effects of gap-width on the self-excited vibrations and the dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics of the bridge. Five 2.9 m long models with different gap-widths were fabricated and suspended in the wind tunnel to simulate a two-degrees-of-freedom (2DOF) bridge dynamic system, free to vibrate in both vertical and torsional directions. The mass, vertical frequency, and the torsional-to-vertical frequency ratio of the 2DOF systems were fixed to emphasize the effects of gap-width. A free-vibration test methodology was employed and the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) was utilized to extract the eight flutter derivatives and the modal parameters from the coupled free-decay responses. The results of the zero gap-width configuration were in reasonable agreement with the theoretical values for an ideal thin flat plate in smooth flow and the published results of models with similar cross-sections, thus validating the experimental and analytical techniques utilized in this study. The methodology was further verified by the comparison between the measured and predicted free-decay responses. A comparison of results for different gap-widths revealed that variations of the gap-width mainly affect the torsional damping property, and that the configurations with greater gap-widths show a higher torsional damping ratio and hence stronger aerodynamic stability of the bridge.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.215-219
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• 2004

Metal-chelate derivatives have been investigated intensively as an emitting layer and recognize to have excellent electroluminescence(EL) properties. We synthesized new luminescent material, 1,4-dihydoxy-5,8-naphtaquinone $Aiq_3$ complex($Al_2Nq_4$) and investigated the electrical optical properties. OLED has potential candidates for information display with merits of thickness, low power and high efficiency. Although the OLED show a lot of advantages for information display, it has the limit of inorganic(metal)/ organic interface. In this study, the two methods are used to study the interface of metal/organic in OLED. First, we treated $O_2$ plasma on an ITO thin film by using RIE system, and analyzed the ingredient of ITO thin film according to change of the processing conditions. We used the RDS and the XPS for the ingredient analysis of the surface and bulk. We measured electrical resistivity using Four-Point-Probe and calculated sheet resistance, and ITO surface roughness was measured by using AFM. We fabricated OLED using substrate that was treated optimum ITO surface. Second, we used the buffer layer of CuPc to improve the characteristics of the interface and the hole injection in OLED. The result of the study for electrical and optical properties by using I V L T System(Flat Panel Display Analysis System), we confirmed that the electrical properties and the luminance properties were improved.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.167-172
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• 1986

This experiment was carried out to obtain some information about the growth habit and morphological and anatomical characteristics of fasciated soybean, var. Buchai-kong. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. Main stern of fasciated soybean, var. Buchai-kong was gradually broadened and became flat, on which leaves emerged irregularly compared with normal soybean, var. Danyeop-kong. The number of leaves on main stern was more in Buchai-kong, but the total number of leaves per plant was not considerably different each other. 2. The degree of fasciation (max./min. in diameter at the broadened part) in main stern of Buchai-kong was about 3.1, and was related to the amount of growth of main stern and branches of Danyeop-kong. Stern fasciation types found in Buchai-kong were linear (the most common) and bifurcated with regard to branching of main stern tip. 3. The number of branches per plant was much less in Buchai-kong than in Danyeop-kong. There were fas-ciated branches and fasciated petiole in Buchai-kong. 4. About 75 percent of pods of Buchai-kong were concentrated on the top of stern, which showed strong pod clustering. 5. Seed yield per plant of Buchai-kong was about 60 percent of that of Danyeop-kong, and the decrease in seed yield was mostly affected by the decrease in seed weight and seeds per pod. 6. The number of vascular bundles of transection of mature stern was more in Buchai-kong, but Danyeop-kong developed the better vascular bundle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.05a
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• pp.313-315
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• 2010

In this paper, we describe research results of developing hardware rasterizer that is applicable to mobile 3D graphics system, designed in SIMD architecture and verified in FPGA. Tile-based scan conversion unit is designed like SIMD architecture running four tiles simultaneously and each tile traverses pixels hierarchical in 3-level so that visiting counts is minimized. As experimental results, $8{\times}8$ is the most efficient size of tile and the last step of tile traversing is performed on $2{\times}2$ sized subtile. The rasterizer supports flat shading and gouraud shading and texture mapper supports affine mapping and perspective corrected mapping. Also, texture mapper supports point sampling mode and bilinear interpolating sampling mode and two types of wrapping modes and various blending modes. The rasterzer operates as 120Mhz on xilinx vertex4 $l{\times}100$ device. To easy verification, texture memory and frame buffer are generated as block rom and block ram.