• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.225-231
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• 2019

본 연구는 낭만주의 동시의 대표적인 작가인 최계락의 동시를 유아교육에 적용할 수 있는 방안을 모색하고자 수행되었다. 연구를 위해 최계락의 동시 95편을 대상으로 분석을 수행하였다. 먼저, 최계락 관련 선행연구 및 최계락 동시을 고찰하였다. 다음으로 현재 유아교육에서 사용되고 있는 동시 수업의 수행 방안을 검토하고, 최계락 동시를 어떻게 적용시킬 수 있는지 방안을 모색하였다. 최계락의 동시를 유아교육에 적용시키기 위해 작품의 주제를 분석하였다. 사계절과 자연을 활용한 작품들이 많았으며, 이 작품들은 유아교육에서 활용하기에 적합하였다. 최계락 동시를 유아교육에 실제 적용하는 방안으로, 시어를 활용한 방안, 답장의 형태로 새로운 동시를 창작하는 방안, 상황별 이야기나누기에 활용하는 방안을 제시하였다. 최계락 시인은 서정성을 강조하는 작품을 많이 썼으며, 이 작품들은 유아의 감수성과 연결하기에 좋은 매개물이 될 수 있다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.149-153
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• 1992

Cloning of the gene encoding extracellular .betha.-lactamase from Streptomyces sp. SMF13 in a plasmid pIJ702 and expression of the gene in Streptomyces invidans were carried out. Optimal conditions for the formation of protoplasts of S.lividans and the regeneration of the protoplasts were evaluated. Streptomyces sp. SMF-13 was selected as a donor strain of .betha.-lactamase gene and totla DNA of the strain was partially digested with Sau3A I. DNA fragments ranged from 4kb to 10 kb were ligated to pIJ702 AT Bgl II site and then the ligated DNAs were transformed to the protoplasts of S, livivans. The transformation efficiency was $2 *10^{3}$ .$\mu$g DNA for the ligated DNA mixture. One colony among a thousand colonies regenerated showed extracellular .betha.-lactamase and the size of the inserted DNA fragment was estimated to be 3.94 kb. The .betha.-lactamase activity in the culture broth of the recombinant strain was maximum at 3 days culture to be 1.0 unit/ml.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.141-153
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• 2009

$PM_{2.5}$ samples were collected from December 2005 through November 2007 in two cities including Chuncheon and Seoul in order to investigate the characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol. The average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration in Seoul ($43.2{\mu}g/m^3$) was approximately 1.2 times higher than that measured in Chuncheon ($36.1{\mu}g/m^3$), however there was no statistical difference on $PM_{2.5}$ concentration between those two cities. Backward trajectories were passing through Seoul area before arriving Chuncheon for about half of the samples, and $PM_{2.5}$ largely increased in Chuncheon when back-trajectories originated from Seoul area. Total carbon (TC) was calculated as sum of OC and EC, contributing 20.5% and 29.2% to total $PM_{2.5}$ mass in Chuncheon and Seoul, respectively. The average ratio of secondary organic carbon (SOC) to total OC was 40% at both sites, and the highest SOC concentration was observed in summer probably due to enhanced volatilization of organic species and active photochemical reaction. J value was calculated to determine if acidic condition affected the increase of secondary organic carbon. In both Chuncheon and Seoul SOC/OC ratios were fairly enhanced when J<100% of acidic condition.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.267-274
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• 2011

Bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes producing nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandins (PGs) in immune cells. This process is mediated by the activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-${\kappa}B$). In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory characteristics of Codium fragile ethanolic extract (CFE) mediated by the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) using LPS-stimulated murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. CFE significantly inhibited LPS-induced NO and $PGE_2$ production in a dose-dependent manner and suppressed the expression of iNOS and COX-2 proteins in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells with no cytotoxicity. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$, were significantly reduced by treatment of CFE in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. CFE inhibited the promoter activity of (NF)-${\kappa}B$ in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Treatment with CFE suppressed translocation of the NF-${\kappa}B$ p65 subunit by preventing proteolytic degradation of inhibitor of ${\kappa}B-{\alpha}$. These results indicate that the CFE-mediated inhibition of NO and $PGE_2$ production in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells is mediated through the NF-${\kappa}B$-dependent transcriptional downregulation of iNOS and COX-2, suggesting the potential of CFE as a nutraceutical with anti-inflammatory activity.