• 터널과지하공간
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.271-305
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• 2020

열-수리-역학-화학적 복합거동의 영향은 고준위방사성폐기물 심층 처분시스템의 성능평가 및 안전성 평가 측면에서 중요하기 때문에 이를 분석하고 예측하기 위한 해석모델과 수치해석 기법이 필요하다. 하지만, 장기간에 걸쳐 발생하는 열-수리-역학-화학적 복합거동에 관련된 다양한 현상들이 비선형적 거동을 보이고 그 구성방정식들의 상관관계가 명확하지 않기 때문에 이를 정확하게 해석하고 예측할 수 있는 수치모델과 모델링 기법을 개발하는 것은 매우 어렵다. 뿐만 아니라, 개발된 수치모델과 모델링 기법을 검증하기 위해서는 오랜 시간동안 수행되어야 하는 고비용의 실험실 시험과 현장시험이 필요하기 때문에 열-수리-역학-화학적 복합거동 분석과 예측을 위한 수치모델과 모델링 기법의 개발뿐만이 아니라 검증 역시 쉽지 않다. 이러한 문제를 해결하여 효과적인 수치모델 및 해석기법 개발과 실험실 시험 및 현장시험 데이터를 활용한 검증을 수행하기 위해 국제공동연구 DECOVALEX(DEvelopment of COupled models and their VALidation against EXperiment) 프로젝트가 1992년부터 시작되었다. 한국의 경우, 한국원자력연구원이 2008년부터 DECOVALEX-2011, DECOVALEX-2015, 그리고 DECOVALEX-2019에 참여하였다. 본 기술 보고에서는 지난 3단계의 DECOVALEX 프로젝트에서 수행된 모든 과제의 주요 내용을 국내 암반 및 지반공학자들에게 소개하였다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.60-81
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• 2008

This thesis is written about the causes, the processes and the treatments of edema. It consists of 31 chapters. Covering 11 chapters, there are prescriptions and constructions. When one of the organs fails to work metabolizing water, you can have edema. It is the result of the accumulation of excess fluid under the skin. Edema most commonly occurs in the head facial, the palpebral portion, the feet and legs or all the body. Sometimes it is accompanied with ascites. There are three classifications in the thesis. First, according to the cause and the symptom of disease, it is divided into 5 types. Type 1. The swelling caused by the disorder of the lungs from the troubling wind. Type 2. The swelling caused by the weak spleen. Type 3. The swelling caused by abnormal condition between the kidneys and the lungs. Type 4. The swelling in abdomen caused by the weak kidneys. Type 5. The swelling (Yellow sweat) caused by the heat inside body as water outside. Second, the swelling and the abnormal symptom of five viscera. Third, the swelling accompanied with menstruation in female and with chilliness. In short, the original textbook is showed that the treatment of edema focuses on the cause and the region of fluid accumulation. When the swelling is in the upper body or the cause of diseaseis outside, the useless humidity can be expelled through sweating. On the other hand, when the swelling is in the lower body or the cause of disease is inside, it is pushed out by urination. In this book, the author presents further treatments. And these treatments are often cited by doctors after ages. Even one of them suggested that the swelling be divided by cosmic dual forces. In spite of many researches, it is too complicate for us to understand the writer’s intend. For that reason, comparing with other medical books and referring to guides explained by doctors, I have studied the textbook to help understand.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.919-924
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• 2006

다양한 독성물질 및 이들의 대사산물의 효율적인 생물독성 평가시스템이 지속적으로 개발되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 대분비계 교란물질인 endosulfan, bisphenol A, vinclozolin 및 3,5-dichloroaniline을 대상으로 인간 간암세포주, 지렁이, 효모를 이용한 세포독성 및 성장억제 효과를 평가하였다. 인간 간암세포주 독성평가에서는 endosulfan, 3,5-dichloroaniline, bisphenol A의 순으로 독성이 나타났으며, 지렁이 독성평가에서는 endosulfan, bisphenol A, 3,5-dichloroaniline의 순으로 독성이 나타났다. 효모를 이용한 독성평가에서는 3,5-dichloroaniline, endosulfan, bisphenol A의 순으로 독성이 나타나 다른 시스템과는 부분적인 차이가 나타났으며, vinclozolin의 경우 3가지 독성평가 시스템에서 모두 독성이 나타나지 않았다. 이러한 결과는, 동일한 물질을 서로 다른 생물 독성평가 시스템을 사용하여 평가하는 경우, 부분적인 오류가 나타날 수 있음을 암시하고 있으며, 독성 유무 판단은 가능하더라도, 독성 정량평가 및 독성 정도를 비교하는 것은 어렵다는 것을 제시하고 있다. 또한 본 결과는, 다양한 물질 및 이들의 대사산물의 일차적 독성평가에는 지렁이 및 효모시스템이 빠르고 경제적임을 암시하고 있으며, 독성이 인정될 경우 인간세포주 및 동물시험에 의한 검증이 효율적이라고 판단된다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to verify the most effective spinal stabilization exercises program by comparing the activities of muscles contributing to spinal stabilization during four types of exercises using a sling and a mat. Twenty healthy males were recruited and each subjects performed four types of exercises. Exercise 1 was performed in a quadruped position with the subjects lifting the left arm and the opposite leg on the mat. Exercise 2 was performed in a prone position while holding a sling with the right hand and the left knee was fully extended while lifting the left arm and right leg. Exercise 3 was performed in quadruped position while holding a sling with one the right hand and lifting the opposite arm and leg. In exercise 4, subjects were instructed to maintain a balance push-up position while holding slings with both hands in 10 cm forward reaching with extended elbows. Electromyographic(EMG) activities were recorded from the multifidus, external oblique, internal oblique, abdominal rectus, and erector spinalis muscles during the exercises. The EMG amplitude of each muscle was normalized to the amplitude in the maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) of each muscle. Repeated ANOVA and Bonferroni's tests were used to compare the differences in the muscle activity according to the types of exercise. The EMG amplitudes of all the muscles were significantly different according to the types of exercises (p<.05). The highest EMG activities of each muscle was as follow; multifidus was 73.38%MVIC in exercise 3, the erector spinalis was 40.03%MVIC in exercise 3, the external oblique was 135.88%MVIC in exercise 4, the internal oblique was 128.60%MVIC in exercise 4, and the rectus abdominalis was 95.24%MVIC in Exercise 4. The types of exercises showed a significant difference in composition rate of EMG amplitudes of each muscle (p<.05). EMG composition rate of the multifidus was high in exercise 1 and 3. However, EMG composition rates of the external oblique, internal oblique, and the rectus abdominals were high in exercise 2 and 4. These results showed differences in EMG activities of muscles contributing to trunk stabilization during different therapeutic exercises. Therefore, the type of exercise should be carefully selected to effectively strengthen a specific trunk stabilizer.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.167-174
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• 2010

탈모 방지의 목적으로 사용되는 양모제는 현재 우리나라에서 의약외품이며 약사법으로 관리되고 있다. 최근 탈모에 대한 사회적 관심이 증가하면서 양모제에 대한 수요도 증가하고 있는 실정이지만 양모제는 생약추출물, 비타민류, 보존제 등 다양한 종류의 성분이 혼합되어 있어 분석이 쉽지 않다. 본 연구에서는 양모제의 주성분으로 많이 쓰이는 니코틴산아미드, 덱스판테놀, 살리실산, 초산토코페롤, 니코틴산벤질에 대한 동시분석법을 확립하고자 하였다. 시판 중인 양모제를 구입하여 $C_{18}$ 컬럼, 아세토니트릴과 인산염완충액을 용매로 사용하여 HPLC로 분석하였다. 검출은 자외부 흡광광도계를 이용하여 220, 270, 300 nm 파장에서 분석하였으며, $12.5{\sim}800\;{\mu}g/mL$ 농도범위에서 검량선을 작성하였다. 회수율은 액상기제의 경우 97.3 ~ 103.5 % (상대표준편차 0.9 ~ 2.8 %), 샴푸기제의 경우 101.9 ~ 115.9 % (상대표준편차 0.7 ~ 7.7 %)로 양호한 결과를 나타냈다. 시판중인 검체의 함량 시험결과 기준에 적합하였으며, 본 분석법을 이용하여 품질관리 및 추후 양모제 개발에 유용하게 활용함으로써 우수한 품질의 양모제 유통에 크게 기여할 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.1614-1625
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• 2020

A number of species of the genus Trichilia (Meliaceae) exhibit anti-inflammatory effects. However, the effect of Trichilia martiana C. DC. (TM) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation has not, to the best of our knowledge, yet been determined. Therefore, in the present study, the antiinflammatory effect of TM on LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages was evaluated. The ethanol extract of TM (TMEE) significantly inhibited LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin 2 (PGE₂), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). TMEE also reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-6. The upregulation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and NF-κB activation was revealed to be downregulated following TMEE pretreatment. Furthermore, TMEE was indicated to lead to the nucleus translocation of nuclear factor erythroid-derived 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the expression of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). In H292 airway epithelial cells, the pretreatment of TMEE significantly downregulated the production of LPS-stimulated IL-1β, and TMEE was indicated to increase the expression of HO-1. In animal models exhibiting LPS-induced acute lung injury (ALI), treatment with TMEE reduced the levels of macrophages influx and TNF-α production in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of ALI mice. Additionally, TMEE significantly downregulated the activation of ERK, JNK and IκB, and upregulated the expression of HO-1 in the lungs of ALI mice. In conclusion, the results of the current study demonstrated that TMEE could exert a regulatory role in the prevention or treatment of the endotoxin-mediated inflammatory response.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2001

시금장의 발효기간별 각종 성분 변화를 조사하였다. 세균은 발효시간이 지남에 따라 조금씩 증가하였으며 효모와 곰팡이는 발효 3일째까지는 그 수가 점점 증가하다가 4일째 부터는 큰 변화가 없었다. 젖산균은 발효가 진행됨에 따라 급격히 증가하였다. 유리당은 5종류가 검출되었다. 휘발성 유기산은 acetic acid, propionic acid 및 butyric acid 등 3종이 검출되었다. 비휘발성 유기산은 oxalic acid와 citric acid가 가장 많았다. 총 유리아미노산의 함량은 $1,407.9{\sim}3,053.9\;mg%$였으며, glutamic acid>phenylalanine)arginine>valine순으로 많았다. 총 필수아미노산의 함량은 총 아미노산에 대해 $34.4{\sim}37.0\;mg%$였다. 총 무기질 함량은 $12,966.7{\sim}13,864.5\;mg%$였으며, 첨가된 Na를 제외하면 K>P>Mg>Ca>Fe>Zn>Mn>Cu의 순으로 많았다. Ca과 P의 비는 0.1이었다. 시금장의 주요 구성 지방산은 18:2, 16:0, 18:1이 전체의 약 92.2%를 차지하고 있었으며, 총 불포화 지방산은 $76.3{\pm}1.1%$였다. 관능검사결과 $20^{\circ}C$에서 3일째부터 5일째 사이에 가장 높았다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.235-243
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• 2011

Probiotics have many effects such as antihypertensive, prevention of cancer, antioxidation, reduction of dermatitis symptoms, improvement of mineral absorption, reduction of allergic symptoms, and decrease of cholesterol, However, the main role of probiotics is that they balance intestinal microbials proportion. L. acidophilus is one of probiotics and microflora in intestine. It has an acidification activity, aroma production, texture formation and probiotics properties. We studied on the roles of L. acidophilus in mice. In this study, body weights of mice were decreased when administration of L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU) and swimming ability has been raised than a normal group after feeding on L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU). After taking L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU), total white cells were increased than a normal group; hemoglobin and thrombocytes were increased. The level of cholesterol and triglyceride were decreased in blood analysis. We knew L. acidophilus is related to innate immune system. We found out the secretion of cationic peptide was increased in the Lysoplate assays as a result of L. acidophilus ($1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU) administration. Appearance rate of lysozyme was also increased than the normal group on an immunohistochemistry stain. We confirmed L. acidophilus contributes to host health through innate immune system stimulation. L. acidophilus more than $1{\times}10^{10}$ CFU are thought to be beneficial for the host health and prevention of intestinal diseases in field condition.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.147-154
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• 2006

Surgical intervention in the posterior maxillary region requires detailed knowledge of maxillary sinus anatomy and the possible anatomical variations. This study evaluated the incidence, location of maxillary sinus septa by using radiographic (panoramic radiography and computed tomography) findings and comparison of panoramic radography with CT in antral anatomical variation. This study was based on data from 70 sinuses in partial dentate maxilla. The sample consisted of 61 patients(25 women and 36 men, with ages ranging between 19 and 77 years and a mean age of $49.4{\pm}11.3$ years) who were being treatment-planned to receive implant-supported restorations. First, the panoramic images were examined for the presence of antral septa by radiologist and examiner who don't know about CT findings. And incidence of antral septa was evaluated using an axial plane of CT image. The incidence of septa was compared between panoramic radiography and CT. The accuracy of the incidence was compared between radiologists and dentists. A total of 20 septa were found in 70 sinuses on CT image and the prevalence of one or more septa per sinus was found to be 28.6%. The assumed incidence of septa on panoramic radiography was $27.6%{\pm}2.2%$ in radiologist and $31.9%{\pm}5.8%$ in dentists. Erroneous diagnosis rate was 11.42% in radiologist and 15.96% in dentists. 40% of antral septa were located in the anterior(premolar) region, 30% of septa were located in the middle(first molar) and posterior(second molar) region separately. Prior to implant placement, it seems appropriate to consider panoramic radiography as a standard radiographic examination and periapical radiographs may be used to complete the findings in regions not sharply depicted in the panoramic radiograph. And cross-sectional imaging should be used in sites with severe bone loss and close proximity of the maxillary sinus.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.381-390
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• 2018

본 실험은 기존의 플러그 육묘 시스템과 원통형 종이 포트 시스템을 상호비교하여 주요 과채류 육묘의 생육 특성을 검토 하기 위해 수행되었다. 초장, 엽면적, 경경, 생체중 등의 지상부 생육은 토마토, 오이, 수박 모두 원통형 종이포트와 플러그 트레이 간의 차이가 없었다. 총 근장은 토마토와 오이는 육묘초기, 수박은 전 기간동안 플러그 트레이가 원통형 종이포트에 비해 길었다. 뿌리의 직경별로 각 뿌리의 길이를 구분한 결과, 토마토는 시험구간 차이가 없었지만 오이와 수박은 모든 굵기의 뿌리에서 플러그가 종이포트에 비해 20~251% 길었다. 토마토 뿌리의 생체중은 육묘기는 플러그 트레이가 원통형 종이포트에 약 30% 무거웠지만 생육이 진전될수록 차이가 감소하였고, 정식 이후는 시험구간 차이가 없어졌다. 오이 뿌리의 생체중은 육묘기부터 정식 이후까지 플러그묘가 약 20~30% 무거웠고, 정식 이후 까지도 생육이 진전될수록 차이가 커지는 경향을 보였다. 수박은 육묘기부터 정식 7일후까지는 원통형 종이포트 묘의 지상부 생체중 및 건물중이 무거웠지만, 정식 7일 이후부터 역전되었다. 결론적으로 원통형 종이포트 묘와 플러그 트레이 묘의 지상부 생육은 전반적으로 차이가 없었고, 지하부 생육은 플러그묘의 생육량이 많았다.