• 한국농공학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.73-80
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• 1991

In Korea, small-scale reclaimed areas have been suffering from many problems because of the lack of comprehensive developing strategy although considerable investments have been inputed by the public sector since 1970's. For 3 reclaimed sites in Chonnam Province chosen as case study areas, the analysis, the third attempt of widely-spanned studies on areal conditions, concentrated on their living conditions. Its results were as follows : 1. Although rural residents have increased their concern on health and medical services, the public sector can only serve basic and emergent level of them, and therefore, the private sector, which is mostly placed in urban areas and costed much higher than public one, has the dominant share of those services. So, because those costs are a great expense to rural residents, their supplying system should be planned with special reference to lightening the economic burden of them. 2. By the development of locally fitted programs and innovative systems, the rural education should be qualitatively improved to deal successfully with its small scale. That will result in increasing the schooling rate to schools in rural communities, lightening the economic burden of rural residents on education services and finally activating them to contribute the betterment of rural education. 3. Servicing level of water supply, sewerage and garbage disposal in the reclaimed areas has been remaining at the lower order even in other rural areas. In the design of rural water supply, average daily consumption per capita should be changed according to the composition rate of fishing households and variety of the source of water supply. 4. Most of rural residents in the reclaimed areas want to establish the welfare facilites for the infant, youth, aged and public bath However in the long-term basis, the cooperative production and processing facilities should be considered for modernized efficient farming.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.121-142
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to resolve the factors that affect happiness levels and leisure life satisfaction of middle-class and to find way to incorporate them into policy. In this study, a status analysis on leisure life and One-Way ANOVA conduct a study on leisure resource and income levels that affect the happiness level and leisure life satisfaction. To recap briefly, to reduce the social and cultural polarization caused by economic disparity and to promote leisure life satisfaction and happiness level is possible quantitative-qualitative growth and maturation of middle class. The most important thing here is increasing in leisure time and leisure costs that consumed in real leisure life. In other words, leisure life satisfaction and happiness levels in the middle class has seen a significant difference in depending on whether and how much to spend on leisure time and cost, rather than differences of the monthly average household income. More particularly, analysis results seem to hoping of the extra leisure costs about 50,000 won per person and increasing the leisure time on weekdays and long weekend holiday. Above all, It is important to redefine the middle class that meets the recognition of the people and it should reflect government policy. Ultimately, The state of the socio-economic-welfare policies will be further expanded in the direction for the middle class, thinking of themselves as middle class and leading national consciousness.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.482-492
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• 2010

Purpose: This study was a qualitative research study in which focus group interviews were used to collect data on the meaning of respite for family caregivers who are taking care of elders with dementia. Methods: The focus group interviews and participants consisted of 2 family caregiver groups, for a total of 8 people taking care of their elders and 5 professional caregivers working in a geriatrics hospital or social welfare institutions. Content analysis was used and debriefing notes were referred in order to analyze the data. Results: The meaning of respite in this research was measured using 4 main categories: 'Temporary break from routine', 'direct help', 'psychological comfort', 'valuables which cannot be taken easily' and 9 subcategories: 'Temporary diversion of attention', 'temporarily free from my duty', 'taking care of oneself', 'receiving economic help', 'empathize with others', 'comfort based on trust', 'resting together with the elder', 'no time to rest', 'cannot get out of one's obligatory duty'. Conclusion: The findings of the study show that rest means not only a temporary relief from caretaking, but also a real respite based on the patients' stable state and comfort. These results indicate a new meaning for respite, that the first step of respite program has to begin even when the caregivers do not recognize the need for respite.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.44-56
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• 1974

Very few studies regarding the effects of preoperative nursing intervention on children's welfare after surgery have been conducted. The purpose of this study was 1) to evaluate the effects of preoperative nursing instructions on children's physical recovery and emotional state after surgery and 2) to analyse the relationship between the effects of preoperative nursing instructions and the age and general anxiety of child. The study was conducted flow: August 15th to October 30th at Severance Hospital, Seoul, Korea. A total of 41 Pediatric surgical Patients, between the age of 4 to 14, participated in the study. Twenty patients, randomly selected, were visited by the experimenter in the evening before, surgery and received specific preoperative nursing instructions. These instructions were designed to alleviate emotional stress and were adopted to the age of child. The postoperative recovery of these patients were then compared with a randomly selected control group of 21 patients who received only the routine preoperative care by the staff in the hospital Dependent variable were vomiting, pain medication, ability to void, elevation of temperature, infection, the between surgery and hospital discharge and postoperative emotional stress which was measured by the vital signs. Because of the limitation of the sample size it was difficult to obtain valid statistical results. However, the analysis of the raw data indicates that: 1) the preoperative nursing instructions appears to promote physical recovery and it seems especially effective in preventing elevation of temperature and shortening the length of the hospital stay, 2) the preoperative nursing instruction also seems to be effective in relieving the child's emotional stress(situational anxiety) after surgery, 3) the patient's general anxiety level preparatively seems to be a predictor of postoperative problems, 4) the preoperative nursing instructions were an effective means of promoting physical recovery in every age group as long as the child understood the instructions. The above data would seem to indicate that all preoperative pediatric patients four years of age or older, if they can understand, should have preoperative nursing instruction in order to alleviate postoperative stress and enhance physical recovery. The level of general anxiety preparatively deserves special attention since the amount of nursing instruction needed seems to vary with tile level of anxiety.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.1-12
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 정확한 시간량에 기초하여 가족돌봄의 실태를 파악하고, 그것의 영향요인 및 결과를 검증하는 것이다. 이를 위해 2019년도 생활시간조사를 활용하여 장기돌봄을 필요로 하는 성인돌봄을 중심으로 가족돌봄을 검토하였다. 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 성인가족 돌봄에 투입하는 평균시간은 하루에 115분으로 나타났고, 가족돌봄자는 여성의 비중이 높고 평균연령이 상대적으로 높으면서 비취업자가 많고, 가구소득은 상대적으로 낮았다. 둘째, 영향요인 분석결과, 여성이면서 고연령인 경우, 기혼상태이면서 가구소득이 낮을수록 가족돌봄자가 될 가능성뿐만 아니라 돌봄시간도 증가하였다. 셋째, 가족돌봄과 다른활동시간간 관계를 분석한 결과, 가족돌봄 시간은 유급노동이나 여가시간과 대체관계에 있는 반면, 가사노동시간과는 보완관계에 있었는데 이것은 고강도 가족돌봄일 때 더욱 명확하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 본 연구는 정기적인 가족돌봄실태조사의 실시, 가족돌봄지원정책의 확대, 그리고 돌봄대상과 속성뿐만 아니라 돌봄자의 속성에 따른 돌봄시간의 차등적 지원을 제안하였다.

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.117-127
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 Ohio State Teacher Efficacy Scale(OSTES)을 활용하여 예비유아교사 교사효능감 척도(PS-TES)를 타당화 하는데 있다. 이를 위한 본 연구는 G지역에 소재한 3년제 대학 유아교육과 3학년 재학생 428명을 대상으로 설문지를 실시하였다. 척도의 타당도와 신뢰도를 확인하기 위해 탐색적 요인분석과 신뢰도(Cronbach's ${\alpha}$)계수, 상관분석 및 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 실시하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 연구문제를 중심으로 살펴보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 예비유아교사 교사효능감 척도(PS-TES)의 하위요인을 살펴보기 위해 탐색적 요인분석 결과 3개의 하위요인(교수전략 효능감, 학생참여 효능감, 교실관리 효능감)으로 나타났으며 총 문항은 12문항으로 이루어졌다. 예비유아교사 교사효능감 척도(PS-TES)의 하위요인 신뢰도는 '교수전략 효능감' .82, '학생참여 효능감' .72, '교실관리 효능감' .76으로 나타났으며 전체 신뢰도는 .87로 나타났다. 둘째, 예비유아교사 교사효능감 척도(PS-TES)의 타당도를 살펴보기 위해 확인적 요인분석(CFA)을 실시한 결과 모델 적합도는 CMIN/DF = 1.59, RMSEA = .05, SRMR = .05, NNFI = .96, CFI = .97로 나타나 예비 유아교사 교사효능감 척도(PS-TES)가 적합한 측정 도구임이 확인되었다.

• 공학교육연구
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.42-56
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• 2022

This study aimed to investigate the views of STEM college students on the social responsibility of scientists and engineers. A total of 660 students in STEM majors at several Korean universities participated in the study. We assessed social responsibility among college students in STEM majors using the VSRoSE scale, which taps into eight different domains of social responsibility: Concern for human welfare and safety (HUMAN), Concern for environmental sustainability (ENVIR), Consideration of societal risks and consequences (CONSEQ), Consideration of societal risks and consequences (CONSEQ), Consideration of societal needs and demands (NEEDS), Pursuit of the common good (COMGOOD), Civic engagement and services (CIVIC), Communication with the public (COMMU), and Participation in policy decision-making (POLICY). Group differences in social responsibility by gender, majors, and years in school were examined. Mean scores in HUMAN, ENVIR, and CONSEQ were relatively higher than those in NEEDS, COMGOOD, CIVIC, COMMU, and POLICY. Cluster analysis identified five different groups with similar patterns of social responsibility scores. In addition to two groups with overall high and low scores across all eight factors of VSRoSE, three additional groups with different combinations of high and low scores in different factors were identified. The results indicated that students with low social responsibility are not homogeneous and these heterogeneous sub-groups of students will need tailored interventions highlighting different factors of social responsibility that they lack. Pedagogical implications of social responsibility for education were discussed.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2023

In this study, the problem of the idleness of public buildings in rural areas is seriously emerging, but there are no clear standards for assessing the utilization of these buildings. Therefore, this study endeavors to investigate the actual state of idleness of buildings created by rural area development projects based on the criteria for each type. As part of this study, rural facilities were selected in two locations in Sangju City and Miryang City among the target areas of the Rural Agreement. Utilization evaluation criteria were developed to identify the conditions of underutilization. In order to determine the utilization pattern for each facility type, an in-depth interview with the operator and an inspection of the facility were conducted. Based on the analysis, the degree of utilization (e.g., low use, non-use, etc.) was different for each facility type, and among the four facility types (rural tourism, culture and welfare, exercise and recreation, income-based), rural tourism was rated as the least efficient. It has been found that the operating entity's capacity has a significant influence on the utilization of facilities. Socioeconomic factors, such as a decrease in utilization rates, are greatly influenced by the operating entity's capacity. Therefore, support from local governments as well as the national level is required to recycle idle facilities. Lastly, this study suggests the need for different standards for utilization, depending on the type of facility. This moves beyond checking the degree of idleness by the same standard that was previously implemented.

• 농촌계획
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Although Due to industrial development and urbanization, the number of schools closing due to a decrease in the school-age population is increasing due to the phenomenon of relocation from farming and fishing villages. Closing schools are used as social and cultural facilities, or they are used to generate income by providing education and experiences. Agro-healing is an activity that promotes psychological, social, and physical health by using rural resources. By reflecting the Agro-healing in the services operated by the closed school, the perception of the provision of the Agro-healing service was investigated as a way to provide a therapeutic service to visitors and to increase the utilization of the closed school. The questionnaire consisted of 10 questions, a total of 5 questions related to demographic information, a total of 5 questions related to the perception of agro-healing activities in closed school facilities. As a result, 347 people participated in the survey. The higher the awareness of agro-healing, the need for a agro-healing expert, the satisfaction with the use of rural closed school facilities, and the willingness to participate in agro-healing activities, the higher the awareness that the provision of agro-healing services was necessary by the state. Theses results are expected to be useful as basic to data to solve the diverse limitation in rural closed school and agro-healing activities.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.531-544
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the barrier factors of health behaviors of urban and rural elderly and to compare the health behaviors and level of barriers between two groups, and finally to get the basic informations about the adequate nursing strategies to promote the health state of urban and rural elderly. The subjects of this study were 177 over the age of 65, 81 elderly lived in Seoul and 96 elderly lived in rural areas. The instruments for this study were the health behavior scale(14 items) and the barrier scale (118 items) developed by Gu et al(2003). For the data analysis, SPSS PC program was utilized for descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$- test, t-test, Pearson correlation. The results of this study were ; 1. The mean score of health behaviors (range 1-4) was 2.69 in urban elderly and 2.33 in rural elderly ; there was significant difference(t=5.03, P=.00). 2. There were significant differences in levels of barriers(range 1-3) between the two groups, such as calcium intake(t=-3.16, P=.00), regular exercise(t=-3.80, P=.00), exercise time(t=-5.54, P=.00), use of stress reduction method(t=-3.45, P=.00), regular check up(t=-3.89, P=.00), vaccination(t=-3.83, P=.00). Higher levels of barriers were found in rural elderly than in urban elderly. 3. Lack of habituation, lack of will power and lack of knowledge in calcium intake; lack of time, lack of habituatuion, lack of family support, lack of will power and lack of environment in exercise; lack of perceived benefit, lack of time, lack of will power and lack of knowledge in use of stress reduction method; lack of time, lack of interest, lack of habituation and lack of will power in disease prevention were significantly higher in rural elderly than in urban elderly. In the conclusion, nursing interventions should be planned based on the social environment of elderly. To promote the health state of elderly, interventions to decrease the barrier levels and to reduce the barrier factors to health behaviors should be implemented.