• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 1999년도 PharmWorld
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• pp.2-22
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• 1999

To maximize the services of phatmacists, we studied the best national liscensing examination for improvement of pharmacist. Among 650 Pharmacist who are posed the questions, 282 pharmacist such as professor in college of pharmacy(46), pharmacists in drug store and hospital (136), administrators in The Ministry of The Health and Welfare(48) and researchers and phamacists in pharmaceutical company (52) replied it. By analyzing these questionares, the results were as follows: In the Korean national liscensing examination for medial care team, pharmacist has been examed over two times the subjects as compared with another national examinations for medical and public health liseneses and 6-year curriculum of medical school. Now, the national examination for pharmacy liscence have been tested the basic subjects such as pharmaceutical analytical chem-istry, medicinal chemistry, biochemistry, etc., but almost demander, pharmacist who has been engaged about over 80% in the drug stores and hospital pharmacy, want to have exam pharmacy practics which are clinical pharmacy, pathohysiology and pharma-cotherapy of diseases like The United State of America, but not basic chemisty and biology. If the Korean liscensing examination for pharmacy will be changed like America, pharmacy education in the college of phar-macy will be progressed in detail. There are no clerkships and internships in the pharmaceutical education program in Korea, and so most of pharmacist want to have 6-year curriculum for pharmacy education and to test the pharmacy practice for Doctor of Pharmacy(Pharm. D.) but not basic science.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.63-71
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• 2019

Purpose: This descriptive study investigated the mediating and moderating effects of fear of fall on the relationships between health belief on fall, fall-related knowledge and fall prevention behaviors among older adults Methods: We enrolled 229 older adults residing in a senior citizen hall and community welfare center, and investigated their health belief on fall, fall-related knowledge, fall prevention behavior, and fear of fall. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA and t-test were used to analyze differences in variables. Pearson correlation and multiple regression were used to investigate mediating and moderating effects of the fear of fall on the relationships between health belief on fall, fall-related knowledge, and fall prevention behaviors. Results: The fear of fall significantly mediated the health belief on fall and fall prevention behaviors, but there was no significant mediation between knowledge of fall and fall prevention behaviors. The fear of fall did not have a moderating effect on the relationships between health belief on fall, knowledge of fall, and fall prevention behaviors. Conclusion: It is important to investigate and implement health belief on fall and fear of fall among older adults to improve their fall prevention behaviors.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.63-79
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• 2022

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to reveal the phenomenological meaning and experience of alcohol craving experienced by alcoholics through qualitative research. Methods: From November 8, 2020 to October 10, 2022, in-depth interviews were conducted with four recovering alcoholics within two years of a single week who were diagnosed with alcoholism in the past and had been hospitalized for alcoholism problems. The data were analyzed using phenomenological qualitative research methods. Results: The alcohol craving experienced by alcoholics worked in connection with the life of alcoholics. Alcohol intensity was not entirely determined by external factors, but varied by the individual's internal state and circumstances surrounding the individual, and cravings were found to be classified into when control and intervention were possible. Also, the power to neutralize alcohol cravings was a warm 'self-compassion' mind. Conclusion: This study presented a new perspective on alcohol craving, and based on this perspective, the necessity of developing an alcohol addiction prevention program and a recurrence prevention program was presented. In addition, the basis for emphasizing the necessity of complete abstinence in health education services for preventing alcohol and preventing recurrence in the community was presented.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.36-45
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify physical and psychological effects of life-oriented forest healing program (LOFH) using urban forests in adults over 40 years of age. Methods: A non-equivalent control group pre-posttest design was used. There were 50 participants in the experimental group and 52 in the control group (a total of 102 individuals). The LOFH was conducted twice a week (3 hours per week) for a total of four weeks. Body composition, psychological states (such as depression and anxiety), and quality of life (QOL) were measured before and after the program. Results: Depression was significantly reduced in the group to which the forest healing program was applied. There was no significant difference in body composition (body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, lean mass), other psychological states (anxiety, mood), or QOL. Conclusion: The LOFH was useful for improving depression in adults over 40 years of age. It is necessary to develop other LOFHs to improve body composition and quality of life.

• 한국인구학
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.101-130
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• 2012

이 연구는 북한의 사망률 동태를 건국초기부터 2008년 시점까지 구체적으로 밝히고자 한다. 연구 주제는 크게 두 가지로 구성되었다. 첫째, 북한이 발표한 사망률 관련 자료들의 정확성을 분석한다. 북한이 발표한 자료에 따르면 사망률이 매우 빠르게 개선된 것으로 나타난다. 그러나 경제난 이전 사망률 관련 통계치들의 내적 일관성과 다른 사회주의 사망률 추이를 종합해서 분석할 결과 사망률이 과소 추정된 정황들이 증명되었다. 북한의 공식 발표된 사망률이 과소추정된 것은, 체제우월성을 선전하기 위한 정치적 의도도 있었겠지만 기본적으로 정주인구등록에 기초한 인구집계에서 인구동태가 정확하게 파악되기 어려웠던 요인이 컸다고 판단된다. 두 번째, 사망률 자료의 편의를 파악하고 조정하여 북한의 사망률이 실제로 사회주의국가 건설 초기에서 2008년 시점까지 어떻게 변하였는가를 분석하였다. 또한 사망률은 한 사회의 생산, 복지 제도의 발달수준과 사회 성원의 생활수준을 가리키는 중요한 척도라는 점에서 사망률의 변천 이면에 작용하고 있는 북한의 생산과 복지 제도의 성쇠 과정과 북한 주민의 생활수준의 변화에 주목하였다. 분석결과 북한주민의 사망률은 1970년 초반까지 크게 개선되었고 이후 정체되다가 1990년대 중후반 식량난 시기 이후 크게 증가하였다. 북한주민의 생활은 1970년대를 기점으로 성쇠의 국면으로 갈렸다고 여겨진다. 사회주의 건설초기 혁신적으로 생산이 증진되고 사회제도가 개선되었지만 1970년대 중반이후 생산과 복지수준은 점차적으로 정체되다가 사회주의권이 무너지면서 급속도로 악화되었다. 더욱이 1990년대 중후반 이후 심각한 경제난에 봉착하면서 공식적 생산과 복지는 거의 마비되기에 이르렀다. 1990년대 중후반 발생한 심각한 식량난 상황에서 많은 인구가 사망하였지만 대외에서 주장한 수준만큼 사망자가 크게 발생하지는 않았다. 이는 인구의 교란이 사망뿐만 아니라 출산율 감소와 탈북으로 복합적으로 이루어졌고 또한 식량난 이후 자구적인 생존활동과 비공식 경제활동이 확대되면서 주민들의 생존양식이 변화된 때문이라고 여겨진다. 주민들의 자구적인 생존능력이 중요해지면서 변화에 적응한 사람과 그렇지 못한 사람사이 식량 및 건강 자원에 접근할 수 있는 차이가 커졌고 사망률이 지역과 계층에 따라 차이가 커지는 현상도 확인되었다. 또한 북한 사망률의 중요한 특성으로 청년기 이후 남성의 높은 사망률에 주목하였다. 북한 남성의 높은 사망률은 오랜 시기 군에 복무하고 재해위험이 큰 노동에 종사하는 생활환경과 밀접히 연관된다고 여겨진다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2015

본 연구는 약시아동 어머니의 상태불안, 양육스트레스, 부모 효능감을 파악하고 이들의 관계를 규명하기 위한 서술적 상관관계 연구로, 약시아동의 시력증진과 치료에 도움이 되는 간호중재 전략을 제시하고자 본 연구를 시도하였다. 조사 대상자는 G광역시 소재의 대학병원 안과외래를 방문한 3세부터 14세까지의 환자 중 약시진단을 받고 가림치료를 위해 통원치료를 하는 약시아동 어머니를 대상으로 총 221명의 조사결과를 최종적으로 활용하였다. 상태불안 및 양육스트레스는 어머니의 교육수준 및 경제 상태가 낮을 때, 건강상태가 나쁠 때, 약시에 대해서 인식하지 못할 때 그 정도가 높았다. 부모 효능감은 연령이 높을 때, 약시아동의 건강상태가 좋을 때, 약시에 대해서 인식할 때 높았다. 약시아동 어머니의 상태불안과 양육 스트레스는 유의한 상관관계를 보여 상태불안 정도가 높을수록 양육 스트레스 정도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 부모 효능감은 상태불안과 양육 스트레스와는 역상관관계를 보여 부모 효능감이 낮을수록 상태불안 정도가 높고, 양육 스트레스 정도가 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과를 볼 때 약시아동 어머니의 부모 효능감을 높이고 상태불안과 양육 스트레스를 낮출 수 있는 간호중재 프로그램을 개발이 요구된다고 생각된다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.181-200
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop Marital Counseling Program for marital conflict solution and to verify the effects of the developed program both quantitatively and qualitatively. This marital counseling program consisted of conjoint marital counseling(5 session) and group marital counseling(6 sessions). Each 13 couples of the experiment group and the control group were analysed. The effectiveness of this program was evaluated by pretest, post test, and follow-up after 3 months. It was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test and Wilcoxon Matched Pairs Signed-Rank Test. Also, as for the experiment group, the level of objective change perception, qualitative evaluation, and program evaluation were investigated. The major results were as follows: This marital counseling program for conflict solution was effective to decrease the level of marital conflict and explosive conflict coping and to increase the level of emotional interaction, communication skill, marital satisfaction, and self-esteem among experiment group. These positive effects maintained at follow-up. Additionally, participants(experiment group) reported positive changes of psycho-emotional state, spouse interaction behavior, marital communication and marital relationships. However, in the control group, there were no change according to the time. Future research and practical implications were added.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2196-2207
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• 2017

This paper presents a two-stage market auction model in a pool-based electricity market, which explicitly takes into account the system network security. The security network-constrained market auction model considers the use of corrective control to yield economically efficient actions in the post-contingency state, while ensuring a certain security level. Under this framework, the proposed model shows not only for quantifying the correlation between secure system operation and efficient market operation, but also for providing transparent information on the pricing system security for market participants. The two-stage market auction procedure is formulated using Benders decomposition (BD). In the first stage, the market participants bid in the market for maximizing their profit, and the independent system operator (ISO) clears the market based on social welfare maximization. System network constraints incorporating post-contingency control actions are described in the second stage of the market auction procedure. The market solutions, along with the BD, yield nodal spot prices (NSPs) and nodal congestion prices (NCPs) as byproducts of the proposed two-stage market auction model. Two benchmark systems are used to test and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2008

response to the global city. It was developed to cope with the decline of the manufacturing industry, a rise in unemployment and a welfare state system in danger. In cities of the concept, there has been much change in existing urban space and accordingly wisdoms and knowledge has been accumulated. The purpose of this research is to scrutinize urban spatial modification of a regenerated model city "Bologna". The target area of analysis was a ex-factory ailing district. Field site visit, deep interview with professionals and citizens, walk through observation, and historial literature review on the site were employed. As results, its history, retrofit process and current change were systematically described. The results showed ways of thinking, attitude toward historic preservation, technology, and creativity of using existing buildings for contemporary functions. This has a significant implication on Korean urban development which mostly, has ignored the existing value of community and buildings.

• 노동경제논집
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.29-57
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• 2014

본고는 실업급여와 생애적 차원에서 소비균등화를 도모할 수 있는 대출을 이용하여 근로자에게 실직에 따른 소득감소 보전 및 실직위험에 대한 보험을 효과적으로 제공하는 소득보장 체계를 제시한다. 특히 대출 상환을 추후 근로자 소득과 연계시키는 소득연계식 대출(ICL)과 실업급여를 통해 실직자들의 구직유인 감퇴 효과를 최소화하면서 상태별 혹은 동태적 소비균등화를 효율적으로 도모할 수 있는 실업보조 제도를 분석한다. 또 본고는 소득연계식 대출이 실업자 소득보장 제도뿐 아니라 여타 복지 프로그램에도 적용될 수 있는 일반적인 정책수단이 될 수 있음을 지적하고, 따라서 ICL이 최근의 복지서비스 수요 증대에 효과적으로 대응할 수 있는 새로운 복지정책 패러다임으로서 기능할 수 있음을 밝힌다.