• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 1992

The purpose of this study is to ascertain the robustness of p-version model with hierarchic intergrals of Legendre shape functions in various applications including plane stress/strain, axisymmetric and shell problems. The most important symptoms of accuracy failure in modern finite elements are spurious mechanisms and a phenomenon known as locking which are exhibited for incompressible materials and irregular shapes which contain aspect ratios(R/t, a/b), tapered ratio(d/b), and skewness. The condition numbers and energy norms are used to estimate numerical errors, convergence characteristics and algorithmic efficiencies for verifying the aforementioned symptoms of accuracy failure. Numerical results from p-version models are compared with those from NASTRAN, SAP90, and Cheung's hybrid elements.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.91-109
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• 2016

This study was mainly aimed to investigate on the perceptions of occupational suitability for speakers who stutter and the associated factors. 90 college students who do not stutter participated in this study and asked to hear one of three audio recordings(i.e., fluent version, mildly-stuttered version, and severely-stuttered version) of a male speaker who stuttered. Then, the participants were asked to rate the speaker's communicative functioning, personal attributes, and suitability for 31 occupations, along with perceptions of the occupations' speaking demands and educational requirements. Results show that speakers who stuttered (i.e., mildly-stuttered and severely-stuttered version) received lower suitability ratings for high speaking demand occupations than for low speaking demand occupations. In addition, it has been shown that perceived speaking demand strongly affected occupational suitability ratings at both levels of stuttering severity. However, it has been shown that occupational suitability ratings were not associated with ratings of the speaker's personal attributes and perceived educational requirements. From these findings it can be argued that adults who stutter may face occupational stereotyping and/or role entrapment in work settings.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.29-37
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• 2002

Distributed programming can be greatly simplified by language support for distributed communication. Many web browsers now offer some form of distributed objects and the number and types of them are growing daily in interesting and innovative ways CORBA IDL and Java RMI, the representative of distributed object model, support different approaches for distributed computing environments. CORBA approach does not support the application generated by java RMI, even though it supports multiple programming languages. Object translation system between RMI to CORBA is designed and implemented for interoperability of distributed objects on the two different distributed programming environments. Suggested system is considered binding, inheritance, polymorphism, object passing, and callback which are key properties on the distributed objects. Translation System we suggested is implemented on the Window/NT(version 4.0) with Java Development Kit(version 1.1.6).

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.69-75
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• 2003

The Development of software Puts component of software made in advance to use to improve productivity Reuse of component can cut down on the development costs of software and reduce the development Period. By reusing component needed for software development, it can minimize risk factors from the software design to implementation We are going to Proposal the method which can promote efficiency of reuse by introducing with skill to implement the software and managing the specification using UML with version through the version management systems. The object of this study is that when the software is developed, we make software used effectively through the version management of component using UML.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.351-379
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• 2011

This study explores the divergence of grounded theory focused on the differences of Glaser and Strauss. Grounded theory has been divided into two versions, Glaser version and Strauss version. Two versions are different in research methodology. Therefore, it is important for us to choose one of these two version. There are many grounded theory researches or qualitative researches by grounded theory approach in Korea. But Theses researches has been studied only Strauss version. Therefore this article introduces the differences of Glaser method and Strauss method in various aspects of research methods: basic logic of research process, core category and basic social process, and coding methods - especially axial coding, selective coding and theoretical coding. Glaser and Strauss argued differently in many aspects of grounded theory method.

• Educational Technology International
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.75-108
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to find a way to improve digital textbooks for self-regulated learning by applying cognitive scaffolding designs to an elementary math digital textbook and examining the effectiveness of the system. Hence this study was conducted in two steps. First, a framework for scaffolding design was devised by examining the problems and difficulties students encounter when using a mathematics digital textbook. Second, after the digital textbook was revised by applying the scaffolding design frameworks, the effectiveness of the scaffolding framework was examined by comparing students' achievement levels in an experimental group and that of students in a control group. Seventy fifth-graders participated in this study. Students were divided into two groups: an experimental group and a control group. The students in the experimental group studied with the revised version of the digital textbook and the students in the control group studied with the original version of the digital textbook. The students received a pretest before the experiment. After the experiment, they took an achievement test and completed a usability questionnaire. The data were analyzed by ANCOVA with the SPSS Windows version. The results revealed that the students who used the revised program (to which design strategies for scaffolding were applied) showed higher levels of achievement than those who used the original version. In addition, students in the experimental group generally showed higher scores on the usability survey, which consisted of four sub-categories such as 'effectiveness', 'efficiency', 'satisfaction', and 'learnability'. There was a statistically significant effect on 'efficiency'. These results implied that scaffolding strategies were effective for mathematics learning through the use of an elementary digital textbook.

• Bulletin of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.9-22
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• 2002

We consider the hp-version to solve non-constant coefficient elliptic equations with Dirichlet boundary conditions on a bounded, convex polygonal domain $\Omega$ in $R^{2}.$ To compute the integrals in the variational formulation of the discrete problem we need the numerical quadrature rule scheme. In this paler we consider a family $G_{p}= {I_{m}}$ of numerical quadrature rules satisfying certain properties. When the numerical quadrature rules $I_{m}{\in}G_{p}$ are used for calculating the integrals in the stiffness matrix of the variational form we will give its variational fore and derive an error estimate of ${\parallel}u-\tilde{u}^h_p{\parallel}_0,{\Omega}'$.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.58 no.10
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• pp.649-655
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• 2020

As a dentist, we should be prepared for emergencies that can occur at any time in dental practice. In addition, we must be able to provide first aid to patients with the latest knowledge when an emergency actually occurs. It has been revised every five years since the American Heart Association published advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) guidelines. The current final guideline is the 2015 version. It is expected that the 2020 version will be released around the winter of 2020. Therefore, at this point, the latest version (2015 ver.) will be important. Many changes were made from 1995 to 2015. I would like to summarize the parts of the revised parts that remain important.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry, and Cartography Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.405-410
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• 2006

The digital map version 2.0 is national base map which is used for frame work data, paper map making as well as geographic information system. National Geographic Institude has been research to make small scale digital map by using large scale digital map. NGI made from 25 1/5,000 digital maps to one 1/25,000 digital map ver 2.0 with map generalization system in 2003. However, they could not make 1/10,000 and l/50,000 digital map version 2.0 because of There is no portrayal on the scale 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 digital map in the existing regulations. therefore. We create the specification of the digital map on scale in order to make small scale digital map version 2.0 such as 1/10,000 and 1/50,000 scale.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04b
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• pp.199-201
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• 2002

데이터베이스시스템에서 트랜젝션의 동시성제어에 관련된 문제를 해결하고 성능을 향상시키기 위해서 않은 기법들이 소개되어졌다. 그 중에서 멀티버전(Multi-Version) 알고리즘은 각 트랜잭션간의 상호간섭을 최소화시키면서 동시성을 향상시키기 위한 알고리즘 중 하나이다 하지만 멀티버전 알고리즘은 데이터베이스이 레코드에 대한 버전을 저장하기 위한 저장공간의 낭비와 버전에 대만 최신의 정보론 유지하기 위한 Garbage Collection 연산의 부하가 따른다. 본 논문에서는 트랜잭션간의 동시성을 망상시키기 위한 방법으로 시스템의 메모리 광간에 일시적인 레코드의 버전을 생성하여 버전 풀(Version Pool)을 관리하여 레코드의 안정된 버전(Stable version)을 관리할 수 있는 기법을 제안한다. 판독트랜잭션은 안정된 버전을 찾기 위해 별도의 연산에 대한 부하없이 버전 플에서 가장 먼저 생성된 버전을 읽어오기만 하면 된다. 또한 갱신 트랜잭션은 로크(Lock)을 사용하지 않고 레코드의 갱신을 데이터베이스에 곧바로 반영하며, 판독 트랜잭션도 판독연산에 로크를 사용하지 않고 버전 풀에서 관리하는 레코드의 안정된 버전을 선택하여 읽어 가는 기법을 제안한다.