• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.64-77
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• 2012

Donguibogam, Korea's cultural heritage and traditional Oriental medicine book listed in the World Heritage three years ago, is indeed great in its importance and value. Korea's posterity has sought treatment methods through the medical book and their researches on that book have continued. However, it is rare to make the concrete analysis on the medicines for prescriptions recorded in the book. In this study, we reviewed "Ears" in the Section "Bodily Appearance" among the five chapters of Donguibogam, and analyzed the 55 types of prescriptions for ear diseases, the medical characteristics, tastes, prime classification of medical herbs, and acupunctural effects, and the dosage forms depending on prescriptions. For insect-entering ear diseases and 20 kinds of a single-medicine prescription also, the treatments are presented in the book, but we presented the texts only and excluded them in the analysis. We also excluded overlapping prescriptions and adding and reducing prescriptions of the 55 prescriptions, and thus classified the left 42 proscriptions by dosage form. As a result: 1. With respect to medical characteristics, the medicine with warm characteristics reached 9 types(40.9%), the highest rate, followed by the medicine with cold characteristics 8 types (36.4%). 2. Concerning medical tastes, the medicine with bitter taste included 12 types (54.5%), the medicine with sour taste 10 types (45.5%), and the medicine with sweet taste 7 types (31.8%). It was unusual that of the 22 medicines used for multipurpose, no medicine with the taste was found. 3. For the acupunctural effects, the medicine with acupuncture effects for spleen medirian reached 12 types in total (54.5%). On the contrary, the medicine with the effects for pericardium meridian reached only one (4.5%) among the total of 22 medicines. 4. In the dosage form of 42 prescriptions, powder medicine was 15 types (35.7%), and decoction medicine was 14 (33.3%). Powder, dedoction, and pill medicines accounted for 90.4% of the total medicine type. It was found that in particular, for ear diseases powder medicine was used more frequently than decoction medicine.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.161-167
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• 2006

In oriental traditional medicine, Cervi Pantotrichium Cornu is used mainly to replenish the insufficient part of our body. Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun(方藥合編) is a widely used book for clinical herbal prescription. In addition to replenishing what is lacking inside our body, Cervi Pantotrichium Cornu is also used in treating cardiac disease and Gynecological illness. In Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun, there are 10 prescriptions including Cervi Pantotrichium Cornu only in sang-tong(上統) and it's portion among whole Bang-Yak-Hap-Pyun prescriptions marks 2.14%. In large, dosage of Cervi Pantotrichium Cornu in prescriptions vary 2~160g. It's ratio with other herbs vary 3.57~100%. Also, number ratio with other herb constituent vary 5.26~100%. The references are Yi-Hak-Ib-Moon(醫學入門), Dong-Yi-Bo-Gam(東醫寶鑑), Je-Joong-Sin-Pyun(濟衆新篇), etc.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.81-91
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• 2012

Objectives : "Yayaoyuanfang" is a prescription book, compiled by Xuguozhen in 1267. In "Yayaoyuanfang", there are 13 chapters including "Throat, Mouth and Teeth". Because there are few prescription books focused only on mouth and teeth disease in traditional medicine, "Throat, Mouth and Teeth" in "Yayaoyuanfang" is distinctive. Methods : We try to analyze prescriptions by form, effectiveness and report experiences in "Yayaoyuanfang". Results : There are 95 prescriptions with 77 powder, 5 paste, 5 liquid, 2 granule and 5 other forms. Effectiveness of those are divided into teeth, gum and mouth. Effectiveness for teeth are about pains, weakness, cavity, discoloration and so on. Effectiveness for gum are about pain, swelling, weakness, shrinking, etc. Effectiveness for mouth is about bad breath. Conclusions : "Throat, Mouth and Teeth" in "Yayaoyuanfang" has professional prscriptions for throat, mouth and teeth with several form and effectiveness.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.792-812
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• 2010

In the 18th century, Xu Lingtai (徐靈胎) and Yoshimasu Todo (吉益東洞) were famous doctors advocating ancient medicine, though they lived in different countries, China and Japan. We compared their major books, analyzed their academic thoughts and then took conclusions as below. 1. The first, for instance "Classified Prescriptions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, 傷寒論類方" and "Classified Assemblage of Prescriptions, 類聚方". Based on essential thought that a prescription and a syndrome should correspond, these books arranged and classified the Zhang Zhongjing (張仲景)'s texts."Classified Prescriptions of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases", based on the thought that principles, methods, formulas and medicinals (理法方藥) were integrated in prescriptions, tried to find out the implicit treatment rules in prescriptions and syndromes through analyzing "Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases, 傷寒論". On the other hand, because Classified Assemblage of Prescriptions focused on the syndromes of ancient prescriptions (古方), it classified and collected the related texts of Treatise on Cold Damage Diseases and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber, 금궤요략", and then suggested only simple instructions on how to prescribe medicine. So in this book, the trend of experience was clear. 2. The second, there is "100 Kinds Records from Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, 神農本草經百種錄" and "Description work of herbal pharmacology comprised of excerpts from Shanhanlun and medical experiences, 藥徵". Though both of these books are professional oriental pharmacology publications that advocate reactionism, there were remarkable differences in writing style between them. "Description work of herbal pharmacology comprised of excerpts from Shanhanlun and medical experiences" was based on "Treat on Cold Damage Diseases" and "Synopsis of Prescriptions of the Golden Chamber", just explained the effects of medications and discussed 'matter of course (所當然)', but not discussed 'the reason why (所以然)'. In explaining style of syndromes, it confirmed through research, and emphasized the inductive method. On the other hand, "100 Kinds Records from Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica based on "Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica, 神農本草經", explained the nature of medications and discussed 'the reason why (所以然)'. In explaining style of syndromes, it annotated and explained, and emphasized the process of reasoning. 3. The third, there is "Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine, 醫學源流論" and Severance of Medical evils, 醫斷". Aiming the then medical theories fallen in confused state, these books brought order out of chaos, clarified the categories of medical research, and emphasized the scientific method that could put theories into practice and verify them. The difference is that "Severance of Medical Evils" researched only macroscopic viewable clinical phenomena, and even denied the existence of names of diseases and etiological causes. Thus, it emphasized the accumulation of experiences, laid emphasis on "watching and realizing (目認)", and "understand and taking in (解悟)". Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine extremely emphasized the research of 'something not occuring (未然)', that is to say, induced notions of a disease from observing clinical phenomena, furthermore based on these, predicted the 'something not occuring (未然)' and emphasized researching 'the reason why (所以然)'. As regards how they deal with the traditional theories and post-Zhang Zhongjing's medicines, "Severance of Medical evils" took completely denying attitudes. In case of "Discuss the Headwaters of Medicine", it could be used reasonably through specific situation and detailed analysis. Collectively speaking, there were some differences between medical theories of Xu Lingtai and Yoshimasu Todo. Actually, these differences were whether he tried to research the essence of disease, whether he tried to consider it rationally, and how he treated various opinions occurring in the theories of traditional medicine and clinical experience.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.65-74
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• 2002

Inflammation is a disease that continues to afflict large numbers of people and may cause other diseases, for example, rheumatoid arthritis, colon cancer, etc. prostaglandins(PGs), one of arachidonic acid metabolites, are major chemical mediators in the process of inflammation. In traditional herbal medicine, many kinds of herbal drugs have been widely used for the treatment of inflammation. So, we analyzed many publications until 2001 which worked on inhibition of $PGE_2$ synthesis by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with herbs and herb oriented single compounds. And then we tried to make interpretations of herbal traditional prescriptions for inflammation. There are significant correlations between herbal medicine prescribed and inhibitions of COX-2 activity. From our efforts and further researches, we expect to develop new-inflammatory herbal drugs which have more efficacy and fewer side effects.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.17-40
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• 1997

${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$(${\ulcorner}$醫方類聚${\lrcorner}$ is a medical book which classifies and edits the existing books. First of all, it is not until finishing the study of reference books that we can study the ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ in earnest. We did not take traditional non-systematic methods to study the reference books of ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$ systematically. We investigated the title of 'reference book's name' as a reference book and did not investigate re-reference books. The number of reference books are one hundred forty-two volumes. Most of the reference books are medical books; some books are about Taoism and Buddhism. The title of the reference books are given a name by various methods. But these methods have a lot of problems. First, the same title book misapply an alias, the original text name and an abbreviated name. Second, a chapter name misapplies reference books. Third, reference books misapplies a chapter name. Forth, the writer and book name misapplies reference books and so on. From quotation collection about ${\ulcorner}$Classified Collection of Medical Prescriptions${\lrcorner}$'s characteristic point fellows below in three kinds. First, it emphasizes medical therapy. Second, most of Song(宋) period, Geum Yuan(金 元) period of China reference books take place in here. During this period it had accepted studying theory from clinical accumulation and the result of re-clinical studies reception based on theory research, and also had accepted Geum Yuan's expansive theory. Third, by adding technical books of a professional assortment, it has raised its profession of division.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2004

The characteristics of traditional childbirth and childcare custom on Jeju were studied by interviews of 134 elder women over 60. This established the nature of traditional custom of prenatal care, delivery, child rearing, and traditional ceremonies for baby as well as popular beliefs. The survey of current childbirth and childcare practices included 168 parents of kindergarteners. Results showed that traditional childbirth and childcare custom of Jeju is based in self-reliance, effectiveness, labor, and popular beliefs and that the heritage consisting of traditional postpartum foods, bathing of the newborn baby, use of a cradle, shamanistic prescriptions, and acupuncture is prevalent today.

• Journal of Society of Preventive Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.131-150
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• 2024

Objectives : The aim of this study was to perform network analysis and analysis using the K-HERB database on inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), to verify the similarity between the derived networks and existing prescriptions, and to explore the possibility of developing new IBD prescriptions preliminarily. Methods : We conducted a comprehensive literature search on July 6, 2024, utilizing databases such as ScienceON, RISS, and OASIS. Clinical studies assessing the efficacy of herbal medicine in treating Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis were identified and compiled into a structured database. This dataset, which included related prescriptions and herbal formulations, was subsequently analyzed using NetMiner 4 for centrality and Louvain clustering analyses. We then compared the networks derived from the K-HERB database with existing therapeutic prescriptions to assess their similarity. Results : A total of 24 prescriptions and 66 herbs were identified across the surveyed studies on IBD. Paeoniae Radix Alba(白芍藥) emerged as the most frequently utilized herb for both Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Prominent herb combinations included Paeoniae Radix Alba-Angelicae Sinensis Radix (白芍藥-當歸), Angelicae Sinensis Radix-Coptidis Rhizoma (當歸-黃連), and Coptidis Rhizoma-Scutellariae Radix (黃連-黃芩) for ulcerative colitis. Centrality analysis revealed that Poria cocos (茯苓) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥) had high centrality in the Crohn's disease, while Angelicae Sinensis Radix (當歸) and Paeoniae Radix Alba (白芍藥) had high centrality in the ulcerative colitis, indicating their prominent roles within the networks. Cohesion analysis resulted in 7 networks for Crohn's disease and 16 networks for ulcerative colitis. After excluding networks with a single herb, three networks related to Crohn's disease and two related to ulcerative colitis were examined using the K-HERB database. Among the 14 derived prescriptions for Crohn's disease and seven for ulcerative colitis, all except Oryeong-san (五苓散) were non-traditional in the context of IBD treatment. Conclusion : This preliminary study may provide a basis for the understanding and application of herbal prescriptions for IBD based on network analysis and the K-HERB database.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.117-130
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• 2008

Korean traditional medicine has been used for the treatment of the various diseases based on both oriental medicinal theory and clinical trials. Thus, the prescriptions of Korean traditional medicine would be useful for the development of new therapeutics. This research focuses on the fundamental study in Korean traditional prescriptions for the development of new hepatoprotective agents. We found two prescriptions. Injinho-Tang and Osumogwa-Tang, showed the significant DPPH free radical scavenging and hepatoprotective effect, respectively. It is well-known that free radical scavenging effect is related to the prevention of various pathological events including liver injury. This paper deals with hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, free radicals scavenging on both DPPH and superoxide of above two prescriptions. Hot water extract of Injinho-Tang did not show the significant hepatoprotective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, it shows the significant scavenging effects for both DPPH and superoxide radicals. On the other hand, all of the hot water extracts of constituent herbal drugs in Injinho-Tang exhibited the promising protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Of these, water extract of Rhei Rhizoma showed the most prominent effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Rhei Rhizoma extract has furnished four compounds, and their chemical structures have been identified by comparison of their spectral data with those of literature as chrysophanol (1), emodin (2), 3,5-dihydroxy-4'- methoxystilbene (3), and rhapontigenin (4), respectively. Among the isolated compounds, compounds 2-4 revealed the significant hepatoprotective effect in vitro when their $EC_{50}$ values compare with that of silybin, as a positive control. It also exhibited that emodin possessed the most hepatoprotective effect among these active compounds. In case of Osumogwa-Tang, its hot water extract showed the moderate protective effect on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells. Hot water extract of Chaenomelis Fructus, one of the constituent herbal drug of this prescription, exhibited the significant hepatoprotective effect with $EC_{50}$ value of $7.8{\pm}0.1\;{\mu}g/ml$, however, it showed strong cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells above the concentration of $25\;{\mu}g/ml$. It was revealed that both hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus and its butanol soluble fraction showed the moderate hepatoprotective effect but concentration-dependent activity in Hep G2 assay system. Two quinolone alkaloids, evocarpine and dihydroevocarpine, also tested for their hepatoprotective effects on tacrine-induced cytotoxicity in Hep G2 cells, however, these two compounds derived from the Evodiae Fructus as the major constituents did not show in vitro hepatoprotective effect. From these results, it would be necessary to further isolation of its hepatoprotective compounds from the butanol soluble fraction of the hot water extract of Evodiae Fructus.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.11-22
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• 2010

This study finds an interesting fact that five symptoms (smallpox, postpartum pain, eye disease, swollen symptom and parasite infection) mentioned in Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Tales and his prescriptions (steamed rice, loess, soybean sprouts, cinnabar, radish, sesame oil and pork) were dramatized on the basis of traditional Korean medicinal knowledge in the Joseon Dynasty. Based on the study of experience-based medicinal literatures popular in the Joseon period, it is confirmed that the prescriptions are actually effective. Also it is inferred that popular diseases at that time were abscess, difficult baby delivery, postpartum pain and parasite infection, which were regarded as almost incurable diseases to ordinary people. These stories also showed destitution of common people who could not afford to buy medicines at that time. As shown in the Ryu Ei-Tae Medicinal Fable, many people might try various ordinary materials around them such as soil or nose wax. One of the outcomes of this study is that the fact that the tales mentioned common materials easy to get in the surroundings such as steamed rice, sesame oil, soybean sprouts or radish could be interprets as care and consideration of medicinal doctors for ordinary people at that time.