• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2011

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the Hanji which had been used for movable types printing volumes of the Joseon Dynasty. A total 29 volumes which had printed with metal and wooden movable types, were examined on the physical properties, fiber morphology, and color reactions. The grammage of all of the Hanji which had been used for movable types printing volumes were $13.10-51.65g/m^2$ and on the average was $25g/m^2$. The apparent density of the Hanji was $0.23-1.65g/cm^3$ and on the average was $0.4g/cm^3$. In almost all movable types printing volumes, the Hanji had undergone Dochim which is a processing of printability improvement. Through the examination on fiber morphology and color reactions, Hanji was investigated into that all of those were made from paper mulberry bast fiber.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2009

The traditional Korean hand-made papers (Hanji) were dyed with colorant extracted from flowers of Sophora japonica L.(pagoda tree), and the effect of various dyeing factors (mordant, mordanting method, pH of dyeing solution, etc.) on colors and K/S values of the dyed Hanji was investigated. Changing mordant affected the color of dyed Hanji. Mordanting with alum, copper acetate made the color of dyed Hanji more yellow, but dyed Hanji mordanted with $FeCl_2$ had dark olive color. The K/S value of the dyed Hanji mainly depended on the pH of the dyeing solution and mordanting method. It was found that sim-mordanting with alum was timesaving and effective dyeing method. The dyed Hanji sim-mordanted with alum had the highest K/S value at low pH (about 4).

• 한국가구학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.191-197
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• 2009

Traditional Korean paper called Hanji using bast fibers from mulberry tree is made through complicated handmade works. This made Hanji very strong and exceedingly durable. Therefore it is said to last a thousand years. Such incomparable features of Hanji come from the unique sheet forming method called ouibalttugi using a bamboo screen. Excellent physical properties of Hanji reflect the wide variety of use, all central to everyday life. Despite its Excellency, the papermaking practice of traditional handmade paper, Hanji, from Korea is little known outside its country. This might be due to public apathy on Hanji in modern times. Without future apprentices dedicated to the craft, the Korean tradition able to make its soul is in danger of extinction in its homeland. Therefore more concern and more affection on Hanji is required immediately. It must be kept in mind that Hanji is our cultural heritage in pride over time.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.40-46
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to estimate natural dyeing properties of Korean traditional paper (Hanji). We dyed the Korean traditional paper with dyestuff which extracted from wood meal of Cotinus coggygria Scop (smoke tree) using hot-water, ethanol and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution. As mordants, 0.5% of $AlK(SO_4)_2$, $FeCl_2$, and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$ solution were used respectively. The color of dyed Hanji mainly depended on not the methods of extraction but the kinds of mordant. The dyed Hanji mordant with $AlK(SO_4)_2$ colored vivid yellow, $FeCl_2$ colored dark olive, and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$ colored brown and/or orange. The dyed Hanji with hot-water extractive had the highest K/S value and ethanol and $K_{2}CO_{3}$ solution extractives were followed. The K/S value of dyed Hanji mordant with $AlK(SO_4)_2$ was higher than that of $FeCl_2$ and $CuCH_3(COO)_2$. The dyeing effectiveness of after-mordanting method was superior to the others but sim-mordanting method was the worst.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.96-131
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• 2015

한지는 우리의 옛 선조들의 뛰어난 기술과 장인정신으로 오늘날에도 그 가치와 기술을 높게 평가받고 있는 귀중한 문화유산으로 이는 그 시대의 장인정신과 축적된 기술, 한지제조에 적합한 천혜의 자연조건인 닥섬유와 물과 햇빛과 더불어 환경친화적이고 보존성이 우수한 천연자숙제 및 점질물 등이 잘 어우러진 산물이라고 할 수 있다. 한지는 닥나무 껍질(저피(楮皮))을 가공하여 손으로 만든 종이를 일컫는 것으로 조선 말엽 일본을 통하여 서양식 기계로 제조한 종이가 생산되면서 그간의 종이는 한지라 하고 서양의 종이를 양지라 구분하여 부른다. 한지는 재료 및 초지방법에 따라 다양하게 불리고 사용되어져 왔으며, 그 기능 또한 다양하게 활용되어져 왔다. 또한 한지는 과거 삼국시대부터 조선 시대에 이르기까지 동양 3국(한국, 중국, 일본) 중에서 독특하고 우수한 품질로 각광을 받아왔고, 오늘날 한지 특유의 우수한 보존성으로 수많은 국가지정 지류문화재들이 지금까지 잘 전승되고 있다. 아울러 세계적으로 그 가치를 인정한 UNESCO 세계기록유산에 한국은 모두 11건이 등재되었는데 그 중 전통한지로 구성되어 있는 기록물은 8건으로 "훈민정음, 조선왕조실록, 직지심체요절, 승정원일기, 조선왕조의궤, 동의보감, 일성록, 난중일기" 등이 이에 해당된다. 이러한 한지의 우수한 보존과학적 특징을 규명하기 위하여 다양한 연구 사업들이 진행되어져 왔다. 한지에 대한 분석기술과 제조기술개발, 복원기술연구 등을 통하여 우리 전통한지에 대한 우수성을 과학적으로 재입증하고 우리나라를 대표하는 전통문화유산의 하나로써 그 명맥을 유지해 나가야할 것이다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2011년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.271-277
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• 2011

Hanji(Korean traditional paper) is made from bark of paper mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki). For a long time, Hanji has been used in various fields, such as paintings, printing paper, as specialty paper. The utilization of Hanji will become more and more diverse. One of the characteristic properties of Hanji is a long life time comparing to western paper. The mucilage which must be used in Hanji manufacturing should effect the conservation properties of Hanji. The effectiveness of the mucilage in aging of Hanji was evaluated in this paper. Strength properties of thermal aged Hanji made with synthetic mucilage decreased more slowly than those of Hanji made with natural mucilage. As prolonged aging time, all Hanji made mucilage increased oxidation index. But, Hanji made with PAM was most stable in oxidation of cellulose.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.55-61
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• 2008

The annals of Joseon Dynasty is the most valuable resource containing the record of Korean history and has been known as one of the UNESCO's Memory of the World Register. In some period, wax-treated paper was used in the annals of Joseon Dynasty to prevent the damage from pests. But, wax-treated volumes were discolored to brown, white or black, and partially cracked by the stiffened wax. It means that wax-treated volumes were damaged by the hardening and oxidizing of wax. The wax is considered as the first reason in damages on the wax-treated volume. Therefore, in this study we analysed the oxidation index of Korea traditional paper(Hanji) which is used as the restoration paper of the waxed volume in the annals of Joseon Dynasty by using FT-IR. As the analysis of FT-IR, the traditional two-layed stamping paper (Hanji sample F), which was treated by starch in its surface, was shown the most stable state after the accelerated ageing test.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.74-84
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the papermaking characteristics of paper mulberry(Broussonetia kazinoki) for new Korean traditional paper(Hanji). Hanji has been traditionally made only with the bast fiber of paper mulberry. Besides mulberry bast part, wood core was utilized separately or in mixed forms as raw materials for the new Hanji. Hanjis made from the solfomethylated pulp were shown higher brightness and sheet strengths than those from alkali and alkali-hydrogen peroxide pulps. The brightness of solfomethylated pulp was found to be high enough not to need additional bleaching. In the physical properties of the Hanjis mixed with bast part and wood core pulps, the handsheet strengths were decreased as the increase of the wood core pulp contents. But the sheet strengths of Hanjis containing 10∼30% of wood core pulps were higher than those of the Hanji containing bast part pulp only. The sheet formations were improved as the increase of wood core pulp contents, while the sheet strengths were decreased.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.88-97
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• 2011

We carried out cationization of Dak pulp (paper mulberry bast fiber pulp) which is raw material of Hanji (Traditional Korean Paper) using a (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyl) trimethyl ammonium chloride to improve dyeability during a dyeing of Hanji with Gardenia (Gardenia jasminoides) and smoke tree (Cotinus coggygria). Fiber specific charge densities were determined using polyelectrolyte titration method and K/S values of dyed Hanji was calculated by Kubelka-Munk equation. As the result, fiber specific charge density increased with degree of cationization. Colors of Hanji dyed with Gardenia did not vary significantly with degree of cationization, but cationized Hanji dyed with smoke tree showed a large increase of a* value and reddish yellow color. After-mordanting did not decrease K/S value of dyes with cationized Hanji. K/S values of dyed Hanji decreased with increasing dyeing temperature. For smoke tree, the cationization impair lightfastness of dyed Hanji without mordant. After-mordanting with copper acetate or iron chloride improved lightfastness of dyed Hanji.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.121-154
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• 2014

이 논문은 농촌의 전통문화자원인 한지의 산업화를 위한 표준화의 방향을 모색하는 연구이다. 한지는 종이로서의 쓰임새를 넘어, 융복합화를 통해 건축용, 농업용, 의류용, 의료용, 식품용으로 개발되고 있다. 하지만 표준화가 미흡해 한지시장 확대가 한지관계자의 수익으로 이어지지 못하고 있다. 표준화를 위해서는 첫째, 다른 종이와 차별화되는 한지 고유특성을 반영한 한지의 산업적 정의가 필요하다. 전통성을 유지하되, 한지산업의 현실적 여건을 고려해 한지정의와 품질기준을 설정해야 한다. 둘째, 한지품질을 좌우하는 한지만의 특성(닥섬유 함유량, 장기보존성)을 측정할 수 있는 시험방법을 개발하고, 이를 표준화해야 한다. 셋째, 한지제품 선택 시 소비자 혼란을 방지하기 위해 제품표준이 시급하다. 이미 시장이 형성돼 있거나, 새롭게 개발된 한지 융복합 제품과 기술의 표준화가 필요하다.