• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제8권
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• pp.1-9
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• 1967

Korean soy-sauces were orepared by the ordinary and impreved method and its analyses on the organic acid. The results obtained is as following: 1. In analysing general components of prepared soy-sauce, total acid, volatile acid and non-volatile acid were found more in improved soy-sauce than in ordinary soy-sauce. 2. Volatile organic acid were analysed by gas-chromatography method. As a result, the followings was attained: a) In the ordinary soy-sauce, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid were detected. Butyric acid was in the highest amount and then propionic acid, acetic acid and formic acid are followed in the order. b) In the improved soy-sauce, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid were detected. Acetic acid was in the highest amount and then propionic acid, butyric acid and formic acid are followed in the nrder. 3. Non-volatile organic acid were analysed by paper partition chromatography method. As a result, the followings were attained: a) Lactic, glutaric, fumaric, malonic, malic, glycolic, oxalic, tartaric, and succinic acid and two unknown spots were detected in ordinary soysauce. Lactic acid was in the highest amount and then succinic, glycolic, oxalic, tartaric, glutaric, malic, fumaric and malonic acid are followed in the order. b) Lactic, glutaric, malonic, malic, glycolic, tartaric, succinic and tgalacturonic acid and two unknown spots were detected in the improved soy-sauce. Lactic acid was in the highest amount and then succinic, glycolic, malic, glutaric, tartaric, galacturonic and malonic acid are followed in the order. 4. ${\alpha}-keto$ acid were analysed by paper partition chromatography. As a result, the followings were attained: Pyruvic acid and ${\alpha}-keto$ glutaric acid and an unknown spot were detected in the ordinary and improved soy-sauce. Pyruvic acid was in the highest amount and then ${\alpha}-keto$ glutaric acid are ollowed in the order. 5. Stale flavor in the ordinary soy-sauces seems to be partly affected by butyric acid and propionic acid. 6. Substances influencing taste, such as lactic acid and succinic acid, were found more in improved soy-sauce than ordinary soy-sauce.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제40권9호
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• pp.1347-1352
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• 2011

본 연구에서 연시, 연시분말, 단감즙을 첨가한 스테이크 소스를 제조하였다. 각 첨가물의 첨가량이 증가할수록 스테이크 소스의 항산화능과 당도가 증가하였다. 색도는 황색도가 약간 증가하였으며, 단감즙을 15% 첨가한 경우에만 현저한 색차를 보였고 그 이외에는 크게 색차가 나지 않았다. 관능검사의 경우에는 단감즙 5% 첨가한 소스에서 가장 좋은 평가를 받았다. 이상의 결과로 단감즙 또는 연시를 첨가하여 항산화능이 강화된 스테이크 소스를 제조할 수 있었으며, 단감즙을 활용한다면 기호성도 우수한 스테이크 소스가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.51-57
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• 2009

The purpose of the study was to assess the relative preference for hot & spicy sauces using conjoint analysis, with focus on English consumers. From the results of the study, we were able to derive a standard with the best sauce attributes. The respondent group was selected from the CCFRA's customer database. The qualification criteria for inclusion in the sample were: the primary grocery shopper in the household, a consumer of a range of home cooked oriental & far eastern cuisines, enjoyed hot & spicy chili-based foods, and willing to buy hot chili-based oriental sauces. A total of 676 respondents completed the survey in which 76% were women, and all respondents were between the ages of 18 and 65 years. An online survey method was used and a conjoint analysis was adopted. In conjoint analysis, a product is described as a combination of a set of attribute levels, where a utility value is estimated for each attribute level. In summing up the results of this study, the sensory property (flavor) attribute was most important, the second was brand, and the third was price. For the sensory property attribute, a mild chili sauce of blended garlic, sugar, and lime scored highest. In terms of brand, Blue Dragon was selected as the best. The lesser known Korean Kochujang brand of "Hot&Joy" scored lowest with respect to brand value. Encouraging, however, was the description based on the Hot&Joy product: a hot chili sauce blended with ginger and garlic, which held appeal across age groups and genders. In terms of price, 75p per bottle had the best score.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권6호
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• pp.656-661
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• 2017

To develop a highly value-added product from extract from small and damaged sea mussels Mytilus edulis, we prepared two types of sea mussel sauce (MS): bottled (BMS) and retort pouched (RMS). We investigated the processing conditions, quality metrics and flavor compounds in each type of sauce. We found that the most appropriate base formulation for both BMS and RMS consisted of 40.0% SME (Brix $30^{\circ}$), 15.0% sugar, 6.0% salt, 4.0% monosodium glutamate, 4.0% soy sauce, 3.5% starch, 3.0% yeast extract, 3.5% wheat flour and 21.0% water. The crude protein, salinity, volatile basic nitrogen and amino-nitrogen content of the BMS and RMS were 8.7% and 8.8%, 9.3% and 9.2%, 24.9 and 31.4 mg/100 g, and 468.5 and 455.1 mg/100 g, respectively. For comparison, the ranges of these values in commercial oyster sauces (COS) are 4.7-7.5%, 10.7-12.0%, 8.2-12.5 mg/100 g, and 225.7-448.2 mg/100 g, respectively. The total free amino acid content of RMS and Premium COS was 7,215.7 and 6,160.7 mg/100 g, respectively, and the main free amino acids were glutamic acid, taurine, glycine, alanine, arginine, proline and lysine. These results demonstrate that BMS and RMS have favorable organoleptic qualities and good storage stability compared to COS, and are suitable for commercialization as high-flavor seasoning sauces.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop a novel tomato sauce using natural seasoning. The data was analyzed using SPSS for Windows (version 14.0). Two factors of the tomato sauce were varied was tomato paste and sugar. Nine tomato sauces were produced with various compounding ratios of tomato paste and sugar. The color, viscosity and sensory evaluations of the nine tomato sauces were determined. Items examined in the sensory evaluation were color, sweetness, viscosity and overall quality. Sweetness($4.44{\pm}1.36$), viscosity($5.16{\pm}1.28$) and overall quality($4.68{\pm}1.11$) of the tomato paste 340g and sugar 100 g sample got highest scores. Therefore, this composition was used as tomato spaghetti sauce. Tomato spaghetti sauce using a natural tomato sauce and artificial tomato sauce was prepared and subjected to a sensory evaluation. Items included in the sensory evaluation were taste, flavor, harmony, overall quality. In this analysis, all sensory item scores of the tomato spaghetti sauce using natural seasoning were significantly higher than when artificial seasoning was used. Therefore, the potential of commercialization of tomato sauces using natural seasoning was confirmed.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.600-605
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• 2006

본 연구는 멸치액젓의 풍미를 유지시키면서, 발효 속도를 향상시키기 위하여 숙성된 멸치액젓에서 단백분해능이 뛰어난 미생물이 생산하는 효소를 분리 정제한 다음 숙성초기의 멸치액젓에 첨가하여, 멸치액젓의 품질특성을 분석하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같다. pH는 B. subtilis JM3 단백분해효소 첨가량 및 가수분해시간에 따른 변화는 없었고, 젖산량은 4% 단백분해효소 첨가구가 제일 높았다. 아미노질소, 휘발성염기질소 및 가수분해도는 단백분해효소 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높았으며, 갈변도는 4% 효소첨가구에서 높게 측정되었다. 가수분해가 가장 높게 나타난 2시간째에 관능검사를 실시한 결과 단백분해효소 첨가구가 향 및 맛에서 좋은 평가를 얻었다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.522-525
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• 2014

장류를 이용한 소스 3종류(간장, 된장 및 고추장소스)에 대해 Bacillus cereus spore를 인위적으로 접종하고 $40^{\circ}C$ 혹은 $80^{\circ}C$ 처리구 및 $40^{\circ}C$ 혹은 $80^{\circ}C$에 10 mM IMP 첨가 처리구로 나누어 포자의 발아를 유도한 다음 이들을 다시 $80^{\circ}C$로 처리하는 방법을 통해 발아효과를 측정하였다. 간장소스의 경우 $40^{\circ}C$와 $80^{\circ}C$ 처리에서 모두 0.8 log CFU/g 수준의 발아효과를 보였고 여기에 10 mM IMP를 첨가 시 $40^{\circ}C$에서는 2.25 log CFU/g, $80^{\circ}C$ 처리에서는 1.21 log CFU/g의 발아수준을 보여 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이를 나타내었다. 한편 된장소스는 $40^{\circ}C$, 10 mM IMP 및 $80^{\circ}C$, 10 mM IMP 처리 시 대조구 대비 각각 0.46 log CFU/g 및 0.85 log CFU/g로서 간장소스의 경우보다 낮은 발아수준을 나타내었고 고추장 소스의 경우에는 발아효과가 거의 나타나지 않았다. 상기 결과를 통해 열과 IMP 처리는 간장소스 내 B. cereus spore의 발아 유도에 응용이 가능하며 된장소스 및 고추장 소스에서 발아효율을 높이기 위해서는 pH 등 다양한 환경인자를 고려한 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.333-339
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• 1997

The effects of kind of vegetables and of the kind and amounts of fermented fish sauce on the formation of nitrosamine (NA) during kimchi fermentation were investigated. Kimchies made of Chinese cabbage, cucumber, and radish with fermented shrimp, anchovy and liquid sauces were fermented at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 6 weeks and the changes in the content of nitrate, nitrite, trimethylamine (TMA), dimethylamine (DMA) and NA were studied. Nitrate content in kimchies made of Chinese cabbage, cucumber, and radish increased at the initial period of fermentation, but it decreased at the later period. Nitrite was not detected at the later period of kimchi fermentation. Overall, there have not been great changes in the contents of nitrite and nitrate. However, there have been considrable changes in the contents of TMA and DMA as fermentation progressed. Only nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) at the level of 0.5~10.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg was formed in three kinds of kimchies. More NDMA was formed in radish and cucumber kimchies than in Chinese cabbage kimchi. The pH was lowered faster in radish and cucumber kimchies than in Chinese cabbage kimchi. More NDMA was formed in Chinese cabbage kimchi made with fermented shrimp sauce than those with anchovy or liquid sauces. Shrimp sauce contained higher amount of DAM than anchovy and liquid sauces. The contents of NDMA tended to increase as the amount of shrimp sauce increased. The kind and amount of fermented fish sauce used for kimchi preparation may be an important factor affecting the formation of NDMA.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.98-102
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• 2000

동남아산 액젓의 품질을 평가하기 위하여, 필리핀산 Patis 2종, 태국산 Nampla 3종 및 Nuocman 1종, 베트남산 Nuocman 7종 등 총 13종을 구입하여 각종 성분들을 분석하고, ATP관련물질 총량과 총질소함량과의 상관관계를 통하여 품질을 분류하고자 하였다. 국내산 액젓의 원료어는 주로 멸치 및 까나리만인데 반하여, 동남아산 액젓은 멸치, 고등어, 병어 및 혼합어종이 사용되었다. 그리고, 맛과 저장성을 높이기 위해 보존제 및 비타민류, 아민류, 인산염 등을 첨가하였다. 동남아산 액젓은 수분함량 $60.6{\~}72.8{\%}$, 회분함량 $18.2{\~}25.8{\%}$, 조단백 질함량 $0.9{\~}13.7{\%}$, VBN함량 $14.1{\~}338.6\;mg/100ml$, $PH 4.66{\~}5.91$, 염분함량 $24.1{\~}30.6{\%}$, 총질소 및 아미노산성질소함량은 각각 $0.140{\~}2.199g/100\;mg$ 및 $115.4{\~}1,643.0mg/100ml$, AN/TN은 $72.8{\~}83.5{\%}$ 범위로, 원료어종, 액젓의 제조국가 및 종류, 제조방법, 숙성조건 둥에 따라서 상당한 차이를 보였다. 그리고, 동남아산 액젓 모두 $ATP{\~}IMP$는 극미량, HxR은 약간 검출되었으며, 약 $94{\%}$ 정도가 Hx과 요산이었고, ATP관련물질 총량은 $0.829{\~}9.564{\mu}mol/ml$이었다. 유리아미노산 총량은 $46.4{\~}9,056.3 mg/100 ml$이었고, 유리아미노산 조성은 glutamic acid의 조성비가 $16.0{\~}47.0{\%}$ (평균 $23.6{\%}$)으로 가장 많았고, 다음이 Iysine, leucine, alanine, aspartic acid, valine, isoleucine 등의 순이었으며, 이들 아미노산 함량이 전체의 약 $64{\%}$ 정도를 차지하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.327-332
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• 2001

불고기 소스를 상업적으로 생산할 때 제품의 품질수명을 연장하기 위하여 가열처리하게되며, 가열로 인한 품질손실이 발생한다. 이런 가열처리를 대체할 수 있는 방법으로 소스에 방사선 조사를 실시하였고, 이것이 소스의 품질에 미치는 영향을 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 총산도는 $4^{\circ}C$ 저장시 처리 구간에 차이가 없었으며, $20^{\circ}C$ 저장시 7-10kGy 방사선처리구나 가열처리구에서 변화가 거의 없었다. Brix는 처리구간에 차이가 있었으나 경시적인 변화는 없었다. 표면색깔은 무처리 및 4kGy 처리구에서 저장중 변화가 심했으며, 특히 $20^{\circ}C$에서 저장한 경우 갈변에 의한 변화가 더욱 심했다. 당함량은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 sucrose는 감소하고 glucose와 fructose는 증가하였으며 낮은 저장온도에서 변화가 적었다. $4^{\circ}C$에서 12주 저장한 소스의 관능적 품질은 무처리구를 제외하고 처리구간에 별 차이가 없었다. $20^{\circ}C$에서 6주간 저장한 소스는 가열처리 및 7-10kGy 처리구간에 차이가 없었고, 무처리 또는 4kGy 처리구에서는 이미, 이취가 심했다. 대장균군은 4kGy 처리시 저장온도와 상관없이 검출되지 않았으며, 일반세균이나 유산균은 7-10kGy 및 가열처리시 생균수가 3-4log cycle 감소하였고, $4^{\circ}C$ 저장시에는 균체수의 증가가 적었다. 가열처리 또는 7-10kGy 처리한 소스에서는 효모나 곰팡이가 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 볼 때 감마선을 7kGy 이상 조사하거나 가열처리한 불고기 소스는 저장 안전성과 좋은 품질을 유지할 수 있었다.