• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.66-72
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to evaluate the effects of distraction using balloon art on pain experienced by preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Methods: Participants were 40 hospitalized preschool children. Children in the experimental group (20) were distracted by balloon art while undergoing an intravenous injection. Children in the control group (20) received regular care. Pain experienced by the children was measured using self-report, observation tools, heart rate and oxygen saturation. The data were analyzed using the SAS program. Results: Compared with the control group, children in the experimental group showed significant difference in pain as shown by pulse rate. However, children in the experimental group did not show a decrease in pain in the self-report or behavior observation when compared with children in the control group. Conclusion: Distraction using balloon art can be used to reduce pain for preschool children when undergoing an intravenous injection. Further nursing interventions need to be developed and provided to preschool children when undergoing painful procedures.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.175-187
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the potential risk factors - children's factors, parental factors, and familial-environmental factors - with respect to overweight and obesity in Korean preschool children. Methods: This study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and involved 264 pairs of mothers and preschool children aged 3-5 years (121 boys, 143 girls) attending daycare centers in C city. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to identify significant risk factors for overweight and obesity in preschool children. Results: According to the multivariate logistic regression, family history of diabetes mellitus as children's factors, overweight or obesity of both parents as parental factors were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of overweight and obesity in preschool children. In addition, lack of community space for physical activity as familial-environmental factors was significantly associated with increased likelihood of overweight and obesity. Conclusions: Health care providers should concerned with the risk of overweight and obesity in children with high risk familial factors, such as family history of obesity and diabetes mellitus. Moreover, policies should be set in place to make sure communities include space that foster physical activity in young children.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.103-111
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• 2002

This study is to examine the relationship of HOME and personality with Preschool children's school readiness. The subjects were 138 children(4 to 6 year-old) and their mothers in Seoul, Gyunggi-do, and Chungnam. The instruments for this study were Cooperative Preschool Inventory(CPI), The Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment(HOME), and Children's Personality Test. The data were analyfed by Pearson's r, stepwise regression, ANOVA, Scheffe test for the post hoc test, and Cronbach a for the reliability in SPSS PC program. The major findings with the preschool children's school readiness were as follows. 1) That was significant correlations with HOME(language environment and encouragement of independence) and personality(sociability and familiarity). 2) That was explained significantly by sociability, encouragement of independence, language environment, and stimuli for development. 3) That was no sex-difference and was an increase by age. 4) There were significant differences in preschool children's school readiness, HOME, and personality by familial demographic variables.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.183-193
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the program to promote drinking knowledge, attitudes, and coping behavior in preschool children. Methods: A quasi-experimental with non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design was conducted. The participants were 123 five year old children from G city. They were assigned to the experimental group (n=77) or the control group (n=46). A pretest and posttest were conducted to measure main variables. For the experimental group, the drinking prevention program was given for 6 weeks. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, and ANCOVA. Results: After the intervention, preschool children in the experimental group reported significant differences in drinking knowledge (F=9.25, p =.003), drinking attitudes (F=19.57, p<.001), and coping behavior (F=16.38, p<.001) compared to preschool children in the control group. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that a drinking prevention program for preschool children is effective in increasing drinking knowledge, attitudes, and coping behavior. This drinking prevention program is recommended as an effective intervention for preschool age children to postpone an early introduction to drinking.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권5호
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• pp.422-429
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• 2007

Measurement of lung function is an integral component of respiratory physiology and of clinical assessment of lung diseases in school age children and adults. Pulmonary function test of infants and children under the age of 2 years have now been standardised and are being used both in research and as an adjunct to clinical management. By contrast, until recegntly, children of preschool age, i.e. between 2-6 years represented a major challenge for pulmonary function test assessment, this particular period commonly being referred to as the 'dark ages' of Pediatric Pulmonology. Measurement of lung function in preschool-aged children is now feasible. However, much work remains to be done in standardizing how these tests are performed, and in understanding the most appropriate role for the various tests in the study of growth and development of the respiratory system and in the clinical management of children in this age group. As the field develops and the knowledge of respiratory physiology in this age group expands, investigation of different and more appropriate algorithm use in preschool children, together with development of more appropriate reference data, may result in improved disease discrimination.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.74-80
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• 2011

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder with an onset of symptoms before 7 years of age, often starting as early as the preschool years. The off-label use of methylphenidate (MPH) for 3- to 6-year-old preschool children with ADHD is being more common, although MPH is not licensed for use in children younger than age 6 years, in most countries. Despite the limited data, the review of the literature suggests that MPH meets evidence based criteria as beneficial and safe for carefully diagnosed ADHD preschool children. Carefully monitored administration of evidence-based psychotropic medication in preschool children with ADHD may be indicated if psychosocial treatments are ineffective.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.43-64
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children based on the Yonsei Open Education Curriculum. Methods: The subjects of the study were 145 children aged three to six attending a preschool affiliated with a university and their teachers. Teachers observed their children for at least two weeks and completed the Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children. The scale consisted of five areas and 44 items which was a five level rubric. Results: Results showed that age differences were significant and development trends were revealed in almost all items. Second, the mean between the upper and lower groups showed a significant difference. Third, the internal consistency reliability was .97 for all items and for the five areas ranged from .86 to .93. The inter-observers reliability was .84. Forth, the concurrent validity and content validity of the scale were relatively high. Conclusion/Implications: The Behavior Rating Scale for Preschool Children can be used as a valid and reliable instrument to assess preschool children's development.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among dietary behavior, meal balance, and clinical symptoms related nutritional status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) in preschool children. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and the subjects were 3~6 years old preschool children in Samcheok. Subjects were divided into an ADHD dispositions group(n=88) and a normal group(n=129) based on assessments conducted by the children's mother using the Abbreviated Conners's Parent Rating Scale. There was no significant difference in meal frequency, meal speed, meal regularity or meal balance between children with ADHD dispositions and the normal groups. The ADHD disposition group had a higher proportion of children with picky eating(p<0.05), too much snacking(p<0.05) and over eating (p=0.05) habits than the normal group. In addition, the ADHD dispositions group had a higher frequency of clinical symptoms such as 'breathlessness when going up stairs', 'sleeplessness', 'anxiety' and 'tiredness'. Overall, there was a significant relationship between ADHD disposition and dietary problems and clinical symptoms related to poor nutritional status in preschool children. Therefore, to prevent and treat ADHD in preschool children, proper dietary management such as correcting of picky eating, over snacking and overeating is needed.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.793-800
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• 2008

This study was conducted to evaluate the food habits and nutrient intake of preschool children by investigating their food and snack consumption. To accomplish this, a food habit questionnaire and dietary intake survey was administered to 148 children between 2 and 6 years of age (average 4.8 years). According to the Kaup index, the underweight, normal, overweight and obesity levels of the subjects were 4.7, 60.1, 26.4, and 8.8%, respectively. In addition, the total energy intake met the EAR ($1433.94{\pm}369.70kcal$), whereas the protein, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B and vitamin C levels exceeded the EAR and the RI. Furthermore, the nutrient intake profile revealed that the mean caloric value of breakfasts consumed by preschool children in Daegu (403 kcal) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of preschool children in the Gyeongbuk area (271 kcal). Additionally, preschool children in Daegu ($382.96{\pm}255.79kcal$) usually consumed significantly (p<0.01) less food than those in the Gyeongbuk area ($413.82{\pm}275.43kcal$). The preferred snacks among subjects (in descending order) were milk, bread, fruit, potato or sweet potato and cookies. The mean score of the Food Habit was $3.72{\pm}0.35$ out of 5, although the score of preschool children in Daegu ($3.77{\pm}0.32$) was significantly (p<0.05) higher than that of children in the Gyeongbuk area ($3.65{\pm}0.32$). Taken together, these results indicate that there were significant differences in the Food Habit and nutrient intake level of children in Daegu and the Gyeongbuk area. Therefore, parents and caregivers should be aware of the importance of the nutritional status of preschool children and choose healthy snacks for them.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2014

The aims of this study were to investigate the relationships among mothers' emotion expression, preschool children's temperament, and preschool children's emotion regulation. The participants in this study were 75 5-year-old children from five child-care centers located in Seoul. The collected data were analyzed using simple regression and hierarchical multiple regression. The major findings were as follows. First, mothers' positive emotion expression had a positive influence on children's effortful control, and mothers' negative emotion expression had a positive influence on children's negative affect. Second, mothers' positive emotion expression had a positive influence on children's emotion regulation, while mothers' negative emotion expression had a negative influence on children's emotion regulation. Last, the effect of mothers' positive emotion expression on children's emotion regulation was fully mediated by children's effortful control. Also, the effect of mothers' negative emotion expression on children's emotion regulation was partially mediated by children's negative affect. These results suggest that mothers' emotion expression and children's temperament may predict children's emotion regulation.