• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.126-133
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• 2016

A gene from Actinomyces sp. Korean native goat (KNG) 40 that encodes an endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase, EG1, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli) $DH5{\alpha}$. Recombinant plasmid DNA from a positive clone with a 3.2 kb insert hydrolyzing carboxyl methyl-cellulose (CMC) was designated as pDS3. The entire nucleotide sequence was determined, and an open-reading frame (ORF) was deduced. The ORF encodes a polypeptide of 684 amino acids. The recombinant EG1 produced in E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$ harboring pDS3 was purified in one step using affinity chromatography on crystalline cellulose and characterized. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/zymogram analysis of the purified enzyme revealed two protein bands of 57.1 and 54.1 kDa. The amino terminal sequences of these two bands matched those of the deduced ones, starting from residue 166 and 208, respectively. Putative signal sequences, a Shine.Dalgarno-type ribosomal binding site, and promoter sequences related to the consensus sequences were deduced. EG1 has a typical tripartite structure of cellulase, a catalytic domain, a serine-rich linker region, and a cellulose-binding domain. The optimal temperature for the activity of the purified enzyme was $55^{\circ}C$, but it retained over 90% of maximum activity in a broad temperature range ($40^{\circ}C$ to $60^{\circ}C$). The optimal pH for the enzyme activity was 6.0. Kinetic parameters, $K_m$ and $V_{max}$ of rEG1 were 0.39% CMC and 143 U/mg, respectively.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.399-404
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• 1995

In order to clarify the significance of serum CPK for the diagnosis of the cardiac disease in ruminant, the fluctuation of serum total CPK activities and CPK isoenzyme fractions was examined before and after operation in Korean native goats with artificially induced cardiac injury. In the change of serum total CPK activities, those of experimental group were changed with higher values than those of control group and significant increase was found on 2-week after operation(P<0.05). In the fluctuation of serum CPK isoenzyme fractions, significant increase of both CK1 and CK3 fractions was observed on 2-week after operation in experimental group(P<0.05), but significant difference was not found in CK2 fraction between experimental and control groups. From these findings, it is considered that taking note of increase of not only serum total CPK activities but also CK1 and CK3 fractions is important for the diagnosis of traumatic cardiac disease in ruminant.

• 환경생물
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.476-483
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• 2015

We are aim to evaluate lysozyme and antibacterial activity of cultured catfish, Silurus asotus, that fed supplementally with Galla rhois extracts for eight weeks. Lysozyme activity in the spleen and serum of administrated group was higher than not administrated group, but in mucus of the lysozyme activity was no regular than other organ. The lysozyme activity of the spleen, kidney, serum of administrated fishes were increased after 2 weeks and that was highest after 8 weeks. Ht and GLU in serum of administrated fishes were gradually increased but GOT was decreased after 8 weeks. There is no significant differences in HB (Hemoglobin) and TP (Total Protein) each groups. Furthermore, there is no pathohistological changes of kidney and liver of tested fishes. The cumulative survival rates of administrated group after intraperitoneal injection of Aeromonas veronii with $6.5{\times}10^6cfu\;mL^{-1}$ was presented 33% in 9 days. As the Results, Galla rhois extracts has any beneficial effects for immunity elevation and antibacterial activity in catfish, Silurus asotus.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.223-234
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• 2019

This study investigated the effects of thawing methods and storage time on the quality of frozen duck meat. Meat was obtained from eight-week-old Korean native ducks (average weight=2.8 kg). Seventy-two samples were divided into eight treatments (three replicates/treatment, three samples/replicate) with 2 × 4 factorial arrangement based on two thawing methods (under running water at 12℃ for 3 h and in a refrigerator at 5℃ for 24 h) and four storage times (1, 3, 6, and 12 months). CIE b^* was significantly different among different storage time treatments, reaching its lowest after 6 months (P<0.05). Cooking loss did not differ between storage times; however, it was significantly lower following application of the fast thawing treatment (P<0.05). Water-holding capacity of meat stored for one month was highest compared to that of meat stored for a longer period (P<0.05). Additionally, there were significant differences based on storage time in γ-linoleic acid (C18:3n6) and eicosenoic acid (C20:1n9) contents (P<0.01), as well as in protein contents (P<0.05). Palmitoleic acid (C16:1n7) typically decreased after three months of storage; however, this decline was not significant compared to other storage times. Essential amino acids contents, except methionine, were significantly difference at six and 12 months of storage (P<0.05). Similarly, non-essential amino acid contents, except tyrosine, were significantly different among storage periods (P<0.05, P<0.01). Alternatively, there were no significant differences in the chemical composition, fatty acid content, or amino acid content based on the thawing method.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2009

Application of exogenous polyamines (PAs) reduced the paraquat (PQ)-induced cotyledon injuries in radish seedling plants with 1 mM spermidine (Spd) being the most effective protectant. PQ injury symptoms in the cotyledons, e.g., large accumulation of $H_2O_2$, and losses of fresh weight, chlorophyll, and proteins, were significantly alleviated. Likewise, analysis of $H_2O_2$-scavenging enzymes such as catalase (CAT) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) showed that pretreatment with Spd among PAs remarkably increased total CAT activity and strongly retarded PQ-induced rapid decline in total GPX activity. In a native gel assay, one CAT isozyme (CAT1) and two GPX isozymes (GPX1 and a newly synthesized GPX isozyme) proved to be more responsible for PQ tolerance, as manifested by the strong increases in their activities by Spd pretreatment. Based on these results, we can suggest that PAs (especially 1 mM Spd) may function as antioxidant protectors by invoking CAT and GPX enzymes which control the endogenous $H_2O_2$ level in radish cotyledons exposed to PQ.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.232-237
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• 2001

이상의 결과에서, 방사오리의 벼 접촉자극에 의해 줄기를 포함한 지상부 및 지하부의 건물중량은 유의적으로 증가하고, 벼초장, 간장 및 하위절간의 신장생장은 현저하게 억제되는 것이 인정되었다. 또한 오리 접촉자극에 의해 줄기의 좌절저항력은 크게 증가하는 반면, 휨 모멘트는 감소함을 보여 벼 도복억제 또는 도복경감의 효과가 시사되었다. 수량형질에 있어서 오리의 접촉자극에 의해 1이삭당 평균영화수, 등숙율 및 천립중은 대차 없었으나 유효분얼경수 및 포기당 이삭수의 현저한 증가가 인정되어 최종적으로 벼 수량의 증가를 볼 수 있었다. 금후, 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과를 바탕으로 방사오리의 접촉자극과 벼 생장과의 메커니즘을 보다 과학적으로 해명할 필요가 있고, 이를 위해서는 오리행동을 모방한 인위적인 접촉자극에 의한 영향 및 식물의 생장 반응에 영향하는 것으로 알려진 메치오닌, 에칠렌, 지베렐린 등의 식물생장호르몬과 접촉자극과의 관련성에 대한 추가적인 검증과정이 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2012

본 시험은 토종오리 육용종의 생산성과 도체수율을 조사하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시동물은 A와 B계통 육용종 토종오리에서 발생한 오리 병아리를 암수 각각 210수씩 선별하여 총 420수를 이용하였다. 시험 설계는 농장에 따른 2처리구(A, B)와 성별에 따른 2처리구(암, 수)로 나누어 $2{\times}2$의 복합요인으로 총 4처리구, 처리구당 7반복, 반복당 15수씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 주령별 체중은 계통 간 비교에서 2, 4, 6 및 8주령에 체중의 차이가 없었으나(P>0.05), 성별에 따라서는 2주령에 암컷, 8주령에 수컷의 체중이 높았다(P<0.01). 주령별 일일 사료 섭취량은 암수 비교에서 6~8주령에 수컷의 섭취량이 높았다(P<0.05). 주령별 증체량은 계통 간에 유의적인 차이가 없었으나, 암수 비교에서는 수컷이 높았다(P<0.01). 주령별 사료 섭취량은 계통에 따른 차이는 없었으며(P>0.05), 암수 비교에서는 6~8주령에 수컷의 사료 섭취량이 암컷에 비해 높았다(P<0.05). 주령별 사료 요구율은 계통 간 비교에서 차이가 없었으며, 암수 비교에서 0~2주령에암컷(P<0.05), 6~8주령에수컷이 높았다(P<0.01). 계통과 주령에 따른 생체중과 도체중은 8주령 B계통에서 가장 높았으며(P<0.01), 도체율은 8주령의 A와 B계통이 가장 높게 나타났다(P<0.05). 이런 결과들은 토종오리 육용종의 생산 성적과 도체수율에 대한 기초적인 자료로서 이용될 것이라 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2020

본 연구는 사육밀도에 따른 토종오리고기의 육질 특성을 비교 분석하기 위해 수행되었다. 사육밀도를 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 및 9수/㎡로 나누어 총 6처리구, 4반복으로 구성하였으며, 8주령 토종 실용오리(2.8±0.2 kg)의 가슴육(pH, 육색, 이화학적 성상 분석)과 다리육(지방산 함량 분석)을 이용하였다. pH는 사육밀도가 높아짐에 따라 선형 및 2차 함수 형태로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 토종오리고기의 수분, 지방, 단백질 함량은 처리구 간에 유의차가 없었다. 회분의 함량은 사육밀도가 높아짐에 따라 선형으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 육색(CIE L*, CIE a* 및 CIE b*)과 가열감량은 사육밀도가 높아짐에 따라 선형으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 전단력과 보수력은 처리구간 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Palmitic acid(C16:0)와 stearic acid(C18:0) 함량은 사육밀도가 높아짐에 따라 2차 함수 형태로 감소하였다(P<0.05). Linoleic acid(C18:1n9)와 eicosenoic acid(C20:1n9) 함량은 사육밀도가 높아지면서 선형으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). γ-Linoleic acid(C18:3n6) 함량은 사육밀도가 높아짐에 따라 선형 및 2차 함수 형태로 증가하였으나(P<0.05), arachidonic acid(C20:4n6) 함량은 감소하였다(P<0.05). SFA와 TUFA는 처리구 사이에서 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았으나, 사육밀도가 높아짐에 따라 MUFA는 선형으로 증가하였으며(P<0.05), PUFA는 선형으로 감소하였다(P<0.05). 본 연구의 결과들은 사육밀도가 토종오리에 미치는 영향에 대한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.382-390
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• 2015

This work was conducted to investigate the performance and meat characteristics of commercial Korean native duck (KND). A total of 180 1-d-old ducklings of 2-way crossbreds from A and B lines (from National Institute of Animal Science) were used in this work and divided into 4 groups (3 replicates/group, 15 birds/replicate). The four groups were 4 crossbreds as AA (A line [♀]${\times}$A line [♂]), AB (A line [♀]${\times}$B line [♂]), BB (Pure line B strains) and BA (B strains [♀]${\times}$A strain [♂]). Ducks were fed diets based on corn-soybean meal for 0 to 3 wk (22.4% crude protein [CP], 2,945 kcal/kg metabolizable energy [ME]) and 3 to 8 wk (18.4% CP, 3,047 kcal/kg ME). As a result of this study, average body weight of 4 crossbreds were 625, 1,617, 2,466, and 2,836 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks, respectively, and significantly increased over the period of time (p<0.05). Body weight of BB group was greater than other crossbreds at the age of 6 weeks (p<0.05). There was a significant difference in weekly body weight gains (p<0.05), which were 573, 991, 850, and 371 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks old, respectively. Uniformity of 4 crossbreds was 84.9%, 80.5%, and 72.5% at 6, 7, and 8 weeks, respectively, and there was no difference among crossbreds. Body weight gain of BB crossbred was highest among crossbreds (p<0.05). Weekly feed intake significantly increased with weeks as 669, 1,839, 2,812, and 3,381 g at 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks respectively (p<0.05). Feed intakes of AA and BB crossbreds were higher at 2 to 4 weeks old than others and that of BB crossbred was highest at 4 to 6 weeks old (p<0.05). Weekly feed conversion ratios were 1.17, 1.86, 3.32, and 9.37 at 0 to 2, 2 to 4, 4 to 6, and 6 to 8 weeks old, respectively, and it increased with age (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in feed conversion ratio among crossbreds. Carcass yields of 4 crossbreds were 73.6%, 71.6%, 73.5%, and 71.7%, respectively, so there was no significant difference among crossbreds. There was no difference in wing, neck, breast and leg ratios among crossbreds. However, back ratios of 4 crossbreds were 17.6%, 18.0%, 15.8%, and 17.6%, respectively, and back ratio of BB was the highest among crossbreds. Finally, these results may provide the basic data on the production, carcass quality, fatty acid and amino acid composition of commercial KND with 2-way crossbreeding.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.35-42
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• 1970

한국의 경기, 충청, 강원, 전라 및 경상도에서 각각 한개씩 취한 5개의 한국 재래식 메주의 발효 미생물을 분류 및 생태학적 견지에서 조사 연구한바 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 발효 미생물중 molds는 메주 덩어리의 표면층의 부분에만 존재하며 그 종류는 잡다하여 주요 균종을 알아낼 수는 없었으나 본 실험에서는 3종의 Mucor, 2종의 Penicillium, 각 1종의 Scopulariosis 및 Aspergillus를 분리할 수 있었다. 2. 발효 미생물중 bacteria는 메주덩어리 전체에 골고루 조밀하게 분포되어 있었으며 특히 덩어리 내부에는 bacteria만이 존재하였다. Bacteria의 균종은 단순하여 Bacillus subtilis와 Bacillus pumilus가 한국 메주의 거의 전 bacteria군을 형성하고 있어 한국 메주의 발효 숙성은 bacteria군의 발효에 의한 것이 그 특색이 아닌가 생각되었다. 한국 메주에서는 그외에 Staphylococcus의 1종도 분리되었다. 3. 5개의 메주 시료중 2개의 메주 시료에서는 Rhodotorula flava 및 Torulopsis dattila의 2종의 yeasts가 분리되었으나 이들 yeasts가 메주의 발효 미생물군 형성에 괼요한 것인지의 여부는 아직 분명치 않았다. 4. 한국 재래식 메주는 그 부피의 약 1/2을 차지 하늘 덩어리의 표면층의 부분과 내부부분에있어서 발효 미생물의 생태가 다르며 따라서 이들 발효미생물에 의한 메주의 발효 숙성에 따른 화학적인 변화도 이 두 부분이 서로 상이하여 숙성된 메주는 그 질이 이 두 부분에 있어서 다르다고 인정되었다. 즉 메주의 외측부분은 견고하게 건조하여 삶은 콩이 그리 변질되지 않았으나 메주내부는 삶은콩이 세균에 의하 연하고 끈끈하고 암갈색으로 심하게 변하였다. 5. 한국 재래식 메주 5재 시료중 한개 시료에서만 Aspergillus oryzae가 분리되었으며 그 생육밀도도 ${\sim}10^4/g$의 희박한 것이고 또 이 mold가 자랄수 있는 것은 메주 덩어리의 표면 층 뿐이므로 한국재래식 메주에 있어서는 이 mold가 생산하는독소 aflatoxin은 일본식 메주의 경우처럼 심각한 문제가 되지는 않는다고 생각되었다.