• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.233-252
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• 2018

1884년 한국에 온 최초의 의료선교사 Horace Allen이 우리나라 최초의 서양식 병원인 제중원을 세운 뒤에 John Heron, Oliver Avison 등 외국인 의사들이 선교를 목적으로 차례로 입국하였다. 이들은 병원과 의과대학을 설립하고 진료와 교육활동을 통하여 근대의학을 보급하고 발전시켰다. 또한 체류기간동안 파송기관과 교회에 공적 기록물을 작성하여 보고하였고 동료, 후원자, 그리고 가족들에게는 개인적인 기록물을 남겼다. 개화기 이후 내한선교사들의 기록, 즉 보고서, 기행문, 편지, 일기, 사진, 구술자료 등은 우리나라 근대사 연구에 필수적인 사료이다. 특히 일기나 기행문이 자세한 기록이기는 하지만, 일방적인 기록이기 때문에 과장되거나 불확실한 경우가 있는 것에 비해 편지는 수신자와 발신자 사이의 기록이기 때문에 사실 확인이 가능하고 회고록처럼 후일의 상황변동에 따라 수정하거나 변개할 수 없다. 그러나 이러한 학술적 가치에도 불구하고 내한 의료선교사들의 1차적인 기록인 편지를 보다 포괄적으로 발굴하고 이를 체계적으로 정리하는 일은 본격적으로 이루어지지 않았다. 이 연구는 북미지역 29개 기관에 소장된 49개의 기록물 컬렉션을 조사하고 분석한 것이다. 또한 이들의 자료적 가치를 살피고 이를 바탕으로 한 디지털 인문학적 활용 방안을 모색하여 향후 근대사 연구에 활용하고자 하였다.

• 비교문화연구
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• 제49권
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• pp.229-248
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• 2017

본 논고는 한국 시문학사에서 형이상학적 스캔들로 불리는 이상의 시편들에 구사 되는 프랑스어 연구이다. 이상의 시에서 프랑스어가 차지하는 비중은 식민지 시대에 일본어를 제외하면 가장 중요한 시어로 활용되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 우리의 연구는 기호적인 프랑스어, 기하학적이고 회화적인 프랑스어 활용에 대해 분석하고, 아울러 반복적이고 나열적인 단어와 문장의 구성에 응용되는 프랑스어에 대해 분석했다. 이상의 시편들에서 프랑스어의 활용은 비시어적인 기호의 혼용으로 볼 수 있으며, 전통적인 모국어와 시창작의 문법을 거부한 반문체적인 특성으로 나타남을 확인 할 수 있다. 그의 시에서 프랑스어는 아방가르드적인 시적 재료와 실험적인 창작기법의 중요한 요소 중에 하나로 나타난다. 시인에게 프랑스어는 언어의 범주를 벗어난 건축학적이고 회화적인 재료들과 함께 한글의 틀을 거부한 전혀 낯선 표현기법의 중요한 요소로 적용되고, 시인의 예술정신을 구현하기 위한 전위적인 언어로 응용되고 있다. 이상에게 프랑스어는 분열적이고 열패적인 자신의 내면적 갈등을 표현하기 위한 도구로 활용되고 있으며, 시인은 프랑스어가 갖는 기표와 기의적인 특성을 이용하여 근대한국문학에 유래를 찾아 볼 수 없는 실험적인 문체를 보여주었다. 이상의 시에서 프랑스어는 식민지하의 억눌린 자의식을 해방시킨 자유의 언어이며, 한국문학뿐만 아니라 세계문학 속에서도 유례를 찾아볼 수 없는 반문체적이고, 형이상학적인 시편들을 구성하는 중요한 요소로 볼 수 있다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.130-142
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• 2016

2005년 도시공원법 개정 이후 국내에는 역사유산의 보전은 물론 도시민의 휴식과 교육을 함께 도모할 수 있는 역사공원이 등장하였다. 이제는 역사공원의 운영 실태를 통해 국내 역사공원의 특성을 알고 그에 따른 제도적 보완을 모색할 때이다. 본 연구는 주요 국가의 역사공원 제도의 특성과 국내 역사공원의 지정 및 조성 경향을 분석하여 역사공원의 기능과 역할을 점검하고 향후 대응 방향을 마련하고자 하였다. 연구는 문헌고찰을 중심으로 하되, 역사공원 현황과 조성 과정을 관계 공무원과 전문가에게 전화 및 이메일로 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 역사자원은 주로 조선시대 유적에 집중되어 있지만 인물, 사건, 장소 등의 유산도 포함되며 근대기 유산도 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 역사공원은 기존도시와 신도시, 대도시와 지방도시 사이에 차이가 있으며 지방도시는 최근 경제 활성화와 정체성 강화를 위한 중요한 자원으로 역사공원을 이용하는 경향을 보였다. 또한, 공원의 종류를 역사공원으로 변경한 경우, 기존 기능과 일부 상충하는 문제가 발생하였다. 국내 역사공원은 역사유산공원, 역사기념공원, 역사주제공원과 역사적공원의 네 가지 유형으로 구분할 수 있었다. 이러한 세부적 유형분류는 향후 역사유산의 보전과 활용을 위한 전략적 토대가 되며 역사공원의 구체적인 운영 방향을 제시하는 기준이 될 수 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1437-1454
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• 2000

This study was designed to identify the attitudes of the people on organ donation and transplantation. The purpose of this study was to provide data to help inspire organ donation, and promote registration yield so donor candidates will have more favorable recipients through Q-methodology. A Q-sample was developed through a review of the literature and interviews. Thirty-three statements made up the final Q-sample. The P-sample consisted of twenty-eight subjects, excluding chronic organic disorder. The Q-sorts by each subject were coded and analyzed with the QUNAL computer program. The results were as follows: This study discovered five different types of organ donation and transplantation of twenty- eight subjects. Type I is 'utilitarian.' The people of this type consider human life very valuable and they recognize that organ transplantation is an affirmative medicine that should be performed to extend human life. They believe that are saving others' lives by donating organs. Type II is 'sardonist.' The people of this type approve of organ transplantation usefulness, but they have no intention of participating in the program because of it may trample on human rights. Type III is 'individualist.' The people of this type consider it proper for the activation of organ transplantation by the legal system. They believe that organ donation a valuable too, but needs support through social benefits to donors. Yet, they have not intention of doing what they propose. Type IV is 'familist.' The people of this type have strong attachments to life but they think that organ donation and transplantation should be done between within a family. Type IV is disposition of family intensive consideration rather than altruistic and utilitarianism. Type V is 'deontologist.' The people of this type recognize the benefits of transplantation, but have a negative opinion of activation. They worry about ethical and social problems occurring in the development of modern medicine. They believe that death is the only natural end to life, so they have strong negative opinions of euthanasia and brain death compared to other types. They regard transplantation to be a non-human behavior, because it involves a removing organs and breaking the boundary of death. The findings of this study are only preliminary and serve as a baseline to understanding the subjectivity of individuals on organ donation and transplantation. Therefore, the subjectivity of the five types will be applied to formulate the educational programs and public relations strategies for organ donation because the public's awareness toward organ donation is closely related to their values, beliefs, and attitudes.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.141-150
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• 2020

본 연구의 목적은 과학 탐구에 대한 기능 중심의 접근에 대해 비판적으로 살펴보고 최근 과학 교육 개혁에서 강조되고 있는 과학적 실천의 의미를 시험적으로 탐색하는 것이었다. 이를 위하여 관련 문헌들을 수집하여 고찰하였으며, 그 결과를 세부 주제에 따라 정리하였다. Science-A Process Approach (SAPA)로 대표되는 기능 중심의 접근에서는 과학 탐구 기능들을 위계적으로 연계하여 제시하고, 이들은 전이성 또는 일반화 가능성이 높다고 주장하였으며, 발견을 통한 과학 학습을 강조하였다. 하지만 이러한 입장은 기능의 사용에 이론이 적재되어 있다는 현대 과학 철학의 관점과 상충되었으며, 탐구에서 사용되는 기능들이 내용-특이적 또는 맥락-의존적이라는 사실과 추상적인 과학 이론이나 원리는 귀납적으로 발견될 수 없다는 점에서 비판을 받아 왔다. 이와는 달리 과학적 실천을 강조하는 최근의 입장에서는 과학적 실천을 총체적인 행위로 이해하고, 그것이 전개되는 양상은 내용이나 맥락에 따라 다르다는 점을 강조하며, 과학 수업에서도 학생의 아이디어를 중요하게 고려하고자 한다. 이러한 연구 결과는 과학 탐구에 관한 일관된 관점을 정립하는 데 시사점을 제공함으로써 새로운 과학 교육과정 개발에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.1061-1067
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• 2012

본 연구는 조선 후기 고문헌인 "규합총서(閨閤叢書)"에 나타난 떡의 종류 및 조리방법을 고찰하여 떡의 종류, 떡에 사용된 재료, 떡의 조리법에 대한 내용을 정리하여 전통조리법을 이해하고, 현재의 기호와 식생활에 맞게 재창조하는 데 필요한 문헌적 자료를 제공하고자 함을 목적으로 한다. "규합총서(閨閤叢書)"는 조선시대 빙허각 이씨가 한글로 쓴 가정대백과 전서이다. '주식의편'에 요리법을 소개하고 있으며, 떡의 분류와 함께 28종의 떡이 기록되어 있다. 연구방법은 내용분석 방법(Contents Analysis)을 이용하였다. 떡을 조리형태에 따라 분류하면 찌는 떡 15가지(53.5%), 치는 떡 2종류(7.1%), 삶는 떡3종류(10.7%), 지지는 떡 7가지(25%), 기타 1가지(3.5%)로 찌는 떡이 53.5%로 가장 많았다. 떡의 주재료에 따라 분류한 결과, 찹쌀이 13회, 멥쌀이 10회, 기타가 5회로 나타났다. 떡의 주재료로는 찹쌀이 12회(42.8%), 멥쌀이 10회(35.7%), 기타가 6회(21.4%)로 찹쌀이 멥쌀보다 많이 사용한 것으로 나타났다. 부재료는 꿀, 잣, 대추 순으로 많이 사용하였고, 연육, 검인, 수시, 생마, 송기, 백봉령 등 약제도 부재료로 사용되었다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.137-152
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• 2020

In spite of the developing endovascular era, large (15-25 mm) and giant (>25 mm) wide-neck cerebral aneurysms remained technically challenging. Intracranial flow-diverting stents (FDS) were developed to address these challenges by targeting aneurysm hemodynamics to promote aneurysm occlusion. In 2011, the first FDS approved for use in the United States market. Shortly thereafter, the Pipeline of Uncoilable or Failed Aneurysms (PUFS) study was published demonstrating high efficacy and a similar complication profile to other intracranial stents. The initial FDA instructions for use (IFU) limited its use to patients 22 years old or older with wide-necked large or giant aneurysms of the internal carotid artery (ICA) from the petrous segment to superior hypophyseal artery/ophthalmic segment. Expanded IFU was tested in the Prospective Study on Embolization of Intracranial Aneurysms with PipelineTM Embolization Device (PREMIER) trial. With further post-approval clinical data, the United States FDA expanded the IFU to include patients with small or medium, wide-necked saccular or fusiform aneurysms from the petrous ICA to the ICA terminus. However, IFU is more restrictive in South Korea than in United States. Several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have sought to evaluate the overall efficacy of FDS for the treatment of cerebral aneurysms and consistently identify FDS as an effective technique for the treatment of aneurysms broadly with complication rates similar to other traditional techniques. A growing body of literature has demonstrated high efficacy of FDS for small aneurysms; distal artery aneurysms; non-saccular aneurysms posterior circulation aneurysms and complication rates similar to traditional techniques. In the short interval since the Pipeline Embolization Device was first introduced, FDS has been firmly entrenched as a powerful tool in the endovascular armamentarium. As new FDS are developed, established FDS are refined, and delivery systems are improved the uses for FDS will only expand further. Researchers continue to work to optimize the mechanical characteristics of the FDS themselves, aiming to optimize deploy ability and efficacy. With expanded use for small to medium aneurysms and posterior circulation aneurysms, FDS technology is firmly entrenched as a powerful tool to treat challenging aneurysms, both primarily and as an adjunct to coil embolization. With the aforementioned advances, the ease of FDS deployment will improve and complication rates will be further minimized. This will only further establish FDS deployment as a key strategy in the treatment of cerebral aneurysms.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제9권
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• pp.115-144
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• 1982

In ordinary modern wester expression 'the Renaissance' was used to denote the impact made by dead Hellenism civilization in western Christendom, particularly Italian literary and artistic movement at Northern and central Italy in the late medieval period. However, A.J. Toynbee examined the renaissance from the different aspect of view. In his great work "A Study of History" in vol. IX, he succeeded in establishing the theory of historic civilization encounters in space and in time; and in time, civilization of the present and the past or between dead and infant successor contacts on the analogy of parenthood and sonship in the relation of A n.0, pparentation-and-Affiliation. The distinguished his view of 'Renaissance' was illustrated in the sense of encounters between a grown-up civilization and the 'ghost' of its long-dead predecessor. The renaissances (by the process of evocation of ghost of its parent society) has not only one single aspect of literary and artistic field but also in politics, law, science and philosophy, languages and literatures and visual arts, and religion. The main theme of this study is to examine the development of libraries and its historical meaning through Toynbee's literary renaissance. His renaissance of Languages and Literatures has three typical steps: They are: 1st step-to restive the dead literature's remains: 2nd step-to remaster their meaning: 3rd step-to reproduce them in counterfeits... Through its first and second steps, collecting and editing, annotating by compiling an anthology, thesaurus, lexicon or encyclopedia, and in its third step publishing mostly imitation of classics took place. Toynbee depicted the five outstanding eminent representatives of literary renaissance who had a n.0, ppeared on the state of history down to the time of writing. They are: Assurbanipal, Constantine prophyrogenitus, Yung Lo, K'ang Hsi, and Ch'ien Lung and the last four had all been emperors of imperia rediviva. As the result of the examination of these five emperors with three steps of literary renaissance, the common result may be summarized as follows: 1. Those emperors of imperia rediviva interested in intellectual work and study, they also were deeply involved in collecting classics in an ostensible reason. 2. There were strong political intention of collecting materials as an a n.0, ppeasement policy of civilization by transferring scholars energies to an intellectual field. 3. Under the rulers of a resuscitated universal state, the literary renaissance were a product of political plane and that the total size of collection and work were huge. 4. Since there were strong exercise of sovereign power, an active censorship by distortion and elimination was inevitable. 5. There existed newly developed strained atmosphere between grown-up and long-dead parent civilization, whenever the book collection movement had occurred. 6. Over adhesion to the parent civilization caused imitation of classic work and the creative activities were stagnated.stagnated.

• 복식
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• 제31권
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• pp.145-164
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• 1997

Cinema costume can stimulate the public to synchronize with and replicate what they see in the movies. Especially when the public thinks the stars in the movies . Especially when the public thinks the stars in the movies are beautiful or dramatic the styles of cinema costumes powerfully affect them. Thus cinema costume designers quickey become fashion designers. Edith Head who strongly believed cinema costumes to be an effective means of portraying the Character's personality and psychological make-up was an innovative designer whose costumes manifested this belief. She enhanced the character's individual image and distinction for the public through her artistic design in costumes. She adapted a realistic approach but her costumes invariably produced aesthetic ef-fects. Since the Academy Awards added the category of costume design she led the field with 35 nominations and eight oscars during 33 years of her productive work. Edith head was a dominant figure in costume design; her creations were highly renowned as an art form while they gained popularity. The purpose of this study was to reveal the ef-fects of Edith Head's cinema costume designs on fashion. This study was also to emphasize the powerful influence on ashion of cinema costume and cinema costume designers in general. The study was done through literature movies for which she created costumes fashion magazines and Edith Head's original sketches. The influence of Edith Head's costume de-sign on fashion is as follows: 1. She introduced and lead the casual fashion in the 1950's combining simplicity and sophistication. 2. She altered uniforms and reconstructed public clothing for multiple functions. 3. She rearranged high school prom dresses through the movie 'A Place in the Sun" to en-hance characteristic of each gender and the Dandy Look of the 1930's into men's apparel in the 1970's through the movie "The Sting" 4. She expanded the traditional style in the 1940's and became a leader in ecological style. 5. She adapted glitter from astronaut's ap-parel into public clothing. 6. She resturctured Sabrina Pants in the 1960's to accentuate the individuals strength by overcoming one's weakness without minimi-zing it's aesthetic appeal and reintroduced the pants in the 1990's. 7. She introduced elegant negligees to gen-eral public and maintained it in the public do-main. As it is revealed Edith Head's costume de-sign not only impacted the field of fashion dur-ing her time but also is presently influencing modern fashion throughout the world as it is witnessed by repeated reintroduction of her fashion styles. Reviewing her cinema costumes it is concluded that cinema costumes it is concluded that cinema costumes powerfully af-fect the public through a visual channel more than any other routes. Cinema costumes can become the origin of fashion by stimulating the public to synchronize with and replicate what they see in the movies. Since cinema costumes can launch fashion trend it requires further research. Based on what is revealed in this study. it would be beneficial to examine how cinema costumes affect people socially and culturally and how they could provide resources for re-search in fashion trends. It is also the writers opinion that there should be more designers such as Edith head who could lead the field of costume design into the twenty-first century.

• 복식
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.84-100
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• 2013

Ancient Greece was a patriarchal society that distinguished gender roles between men and women. Although their costumes were composed of simple rectangular fabric without any technical complications in itself, the Greeks did try to express gender differences in their clothing. The final look of the Greek costume was dependent on the way the cloth draped onto its wearer as well as the wearer's identity. Greeks costume could just be seen as a rectangular fabric when it was not draped on a person's body. The purpose of this study is to examine how the gender differences were expressed in the ancient Greek drapery costume, which was made by using a completely different technical process, compared with the modern tailored costume. There are four elements of the costume that give the costume its formative shape, which are the wearer's body, the rectangular fabric (material as the first formative costume), the way the fabric is draped, and the final appearance as the second formative costume (the relationship between the wearer's body and the costume) and this study analyzes these elements individually. It is intended to analyze the gender characteristics and how each element appears in a different way from the perspective of Structuralism, an analytical method that considers a phenomenon as a total sum of the elements. Literature research was conducted and representative sculpture, painting and pottery, were used between the Archaic Period (B.C. 800~500) and the Classical Period (B.C. 500~323). The results show that the gender differences appear in each formative element of costume: First, the body was distinguished by the ancient Greek custom. The man's nudity was accepted while the woman's body was concealed. Second, in regards to the first formative costume, which was the rectangular fabric, men's were made with thick high quality wool because their involvement in outdoor activities meant that they needed clothes to stay warm, while the women wore clothes made of thin wool or hemp cloth, because their most of their activities were at home. Third, the way to drape the fabric shows the gender differences by changing the length of the clothing and its design ; men's short khiton was practical for big movement and at the same time the clothing exposed the man's body. The woman's doric khiton diversified its decoration by the size of the apotigma and by using the belt. Finally the second formative costume reflected the Greeks' social distinction between a man's body and a woman's body. The man's costume naturally exposed the man's body. On the other hand, the woman's long costume has a variety of shapes on the ground, that concealed her lower body, while the ornamental function was more accentuated than the man's costume. The gender differences expressed in Greek costume fundamentally reflected the point of view of the male and female body and their social roles in society.