• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.71-79
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• 2019

This study aims to investigate the rhythmic patterns in the English speech produced by Chinese learners of English who learn English as a foreign language (EFL learners). Utilizing interval-based rhythm metrics, namely, VarcoC, VarcoV, nPVI-C, nPVI-V, and %V, the study compared the rhythmic differences in English speech between ten native speakers from the United States and forty Chinese EFL learners from mainland China. A sentence elicitation task consisting of thirty picture prompts and corresponding thirty stimuli sentences with at least five vocalic and four consonantal intervals was conducted. Statistical results reveal that both Chinese advanced learners and beginners had significantly lower degree of stress-timed in their English speech, indicating that the acquisition of the L2 speech rhythm was influenced by the learners' L1 rhythmic pattern. In addition, the results also show that the Chinese advanced learners had significantly higher degree of stress-timed in their English speech than beginners and showed no significant difference with native speakers in VarcoC and nPVI-C. These results indicate that the direction of L2 speech rhythm development was from more syllable-timed to more stress-timed.

• 한국어교육
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.37-60
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• 2017

This research has its basis with focus on the way Korean native speakers recognize Chinese Korean-learners' pronunciation. The objective of the study is to lay the cornerstone for establishing effective teaching-learning strategies for the education of the Korean phonetic system. In this study, the results of the experiment are presented which shows how native speakers of Korean identify Chinese Korean-learners' pronunciation of consonants. In the first place, stimulation tones were created from the original utterances of Chinese Korean-learners and seven scripts were made through the Pratt program. In addition, the subjects were asked to choose what the phonetic materials sounded like. The results of the research are represented as the ratio of frequency of Korean native speakers' response to each utterance to the total frequency. In addition, the paired t-test was taken in order to explore any relatedness to the changes in the level of proficiency of the Korean phonetic system, ranging from beginners to advanced learners. The outcome shows that the mistakes which Chinese Korean-learners make in pronouncing the consonants of Korean are relatively well-reflected in Korean native speakers' auditory cognitive reactions. To put it concretely, there is some difficulty in differentiating lax consonants from aspirates in the cases of plosives and affricates, but relatively little trouble with fortes. However, it is revealed that there is also a slight difference in relation to articulatory positions in detailed aspects. To provide an effective teaching method for the Korean phonetic system, it is essential to comprehend learners' phonetic mistakes through the precise analysis of data in terms of 'production.' Also, a more meticulous observation of 'phenomena' must be made through verification from the view of 'reception,' as attempted in this study. A more thorough diagnosis by applying methodology makes it possible to lay the foundation for developing effective teaching-learning strategies for the instruction of the Korean phonetic system. This study has its significance in making such attempts.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.37-55
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• 2005

This study examines the effects of two motivational orientations on the use of language learning strategies at overall, category, and specific-item levels. 184 students (males and females) from a Korean university responded to the following two questionnaires: the Motivational Orientation Questionnaire (MOQ) developed by the author and Oxford's Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL). The results showed that both integratively- and instrumentally-oriented students were moderate strategy users overall. Integratively-oriented learners were found to use learning strategies more often and a broader spectrum of strategies than instrumentally-oriented learners. A noteworthy finding, however, is that strategy use was not motivation orientation-specific. In other words, the two motivational groups were found to share the similar patterns of strategy use. Independent samples t test results revealed that integratively-oriented students exhibited significantly greater use of overall strategy than instrumentally-oriented students. This phenomenon held true for the use of cognitive, metacognitive, and social categories. At the specific item levels, 13 of the total 50 individual strategies were shown to be employed significantly more often by integratively motivated learners than by their instrumentally motivated peers.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제5권4호
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• pp.145-155
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• 2013

This study investigated the articulatory characteristics of Korean singleton and geminate sonorants in the word-medial position, effects of the duration of the sonorant consonant and the preceding vowel on perception, and the difference between native Korean speakers and foreign learners of Korean in perceiving the singleton and geminate consonant contrast. The Korean sonorant consonants(/m, n, l/) are examined from the VCCV, VCV sequences through speech production and perception experiments. The results suggest that the duration of the sonorant consonant is the most important factor for native Korean speakers to recognize whether sonorants are overlapped, and the duration of preceding vowel and other factors affect the recognition of singleton/geminate consonant contrast if the duration is not obvious. A perception experiment showed Chinese Korean language learners did not clearly distinguish singleton consonants from geminate consonants. The results of this study provide basic data for recognition of singleton/geminate consonant contrast in word-medial of Korean language, and can be utilized for teaching Korean pronunciation as a foreign language.

• 음성과학
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.91-112
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• 1998

This paper aimed at examining the influence of L1 (native language) phonology when speakers of L1 perceive L2 (foreign language) sounds. Korean and Japanese learners of English took a perception test of Australian English words 'work', 'walk' and 'wok'. Based on Korean and Japanese phonology, it was predicted that Korean subjects would face more difficulties than Japanese subjects. The results of the experiment substantiated the influence of L1 phonology in L2 learners' L2 sound perception.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.41-59
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• 2009

The present study investigated Korean learners' knowledge on the range of possible interpretations of English locative PPs with manner of motion verbs, and considers whether learners can arrive at a superset L2 grammar on the basis of positive L2 input. Unlike Korean, some English locative PPs occurring with manner of motion verbs (such as in John jumped on the bed) are ambiguous as they can be interpreted as either directional or locational. Thirty Korean learners of English in three distinct groups (Advanced EFL-only group; Intermediate-EFL-only group; and ESL-experienced group) participated in an experimental study, along with a control group of nine native speakers of English. The results of the study showed that I) Korean learners, overall, tended to interpret English locative PPs as only locational, failing to recognize the ambiguity between the directional and locational readings in the target structure; 2) For the learners who experienced only the EFL context, even highly proficient learners, as well as intermediate level learners, failed to acknowledge the ambiguity; 3) The learners who experienced the ESL context for an extended period of time could identify the target reading to some extent, although they still could not reach the native-like competence. From these results, it is argued that robustness of positive evidence, not simply its availability, is critical in the acquisition of the superset L2 targets like the present one.

• 영어어문교육
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.237-264
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• 2009

The present study explores patterns of teachers' corrective feedback and learners' uptake in Korean EFL undergraduate classroom setting. It also examines consistencies and discrepancies in the perception of corrective feedback by teachers and learners. Teachers' and learners' preferences and perception of corrective feedback are further analyzed to determine whether or not those differ from actual practices in English language learning classrooms. The results of the study are as follows. First of all, teachers' corrective feedback type varied according to the learners' error type and English proficiency level. There was a lack of consistency between the teachers' feedback practices and the learners' error types. Second, for the phonological errors, learners' data witnessed the most frequent uptake on recast. For the other error types, however, the learners' uptake rates were high for the explicit corrective feedback. Third, the teachers' explicit knowledge of corrective feedback was rather low and the preferences differed from teacher to teacher. The teachers' feedback perception and preferences did not consistently reflect their actual practices. Finally, patterns of the learners' expectations of corrective feedback varied according to learners' proficiency level. Teachers' and learners' expectations of corrective feedback were also compared and some mismatches were detected.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.368-379
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• 2022

본 연구의 목적은 홍콩의 대학 부설 평생교육기관에서 한국어 수업을 듣는 학습자들을 가르친 경험이 있는 한국어 강사들을 대상으로 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 실시하여 그들을 가르치면서 알게 된 홍콩 학습자의 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 통해 홍콩의 한국어 학습자들에게 적합한 교수 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위해 최소 5년 이상 한국어를 가르친 경험이 있는 강사 10명을 대상으로 인터뷰를 하였다. 연령별 홍콩 한국어 학습자의 특성으로는 20대가 가장 많았지만, 50대 이상도 상당한 비율을 차지하는 등 연령층이 다양했다는 점이다. 한국어 학습의 동기 부여에 한류, 홍콩 정부의 평생 교육 보조금 지원의 영향이 컸다. 홍콩 학습자들의 특성은 적극적인 학습 욕구와 노력, 지속적인 학습 의도, 말하기에서 소극적인 참여와 절제, 개인 정보 공개에 민감함 등이었다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 한국어를 효과적으로 가르치기 위해서는 한 반에서 다양한 연령층을 고려한 교수 학습 방법이 필요하다는 점과 홍콩 한국어 학습자들의 특성이 반영된 말하기 교수 방법이 마련되어야 한다는 점을 제언하였다. 본 연구의 의의는, 홍콩에서 그동안 파악되지 않았던 현지의 홍콩 한국어 일반 학습자들의 특성 분석을 통해, 학습 동기, 학습 태도, 한국어 학습을 할 때 어려워하는 점을 확인한 현장 연구라는 것이다.

• 대한음성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한음성학회 1996년도 10월 학술대회지
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• pp.574-575
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• 1996

The theme of the current study is to study intonation of Taiwanese(Tw.) by comparing the intonation patterns in native language (Ll), target language (L2), and interlanguage (IL). Studies on interlanguage have dealt primarily with segments. Though there were studies which addressed to the issues of interlanguage intonation, more often than not, they didn't offer evidence for the statement, and the hypotheses were mainly based on impression. Therefore, a formal description of interlanguage intonation is necessary for further development in this field. The basic assumption of this study is that native speakers of one language perceive and produce a second language in ways closely related to the patterns of their first language. Several studies on interlanguage prosody have suggested that prosodic structure and rules are more subject to transfer than certain other phonological phenomena, given their abstract structural nature and generality(Vogel 1991). Broselow(1988) also shows that interlanguage may provide evidence for particular analyses of the native language grammar, which may not be available from the study of the native language alone. Several research questions will be addressed in the current study: A. How does duration vary among native and nominative utterances\ulcorner The results shows that there is a significant difference in duration between the beginning English learners, and the native speakers of American English for all the eleven English sentences. The mean duration shows that the beginning English learners take almost twice as much time (1.70sec.), as Americans (O.97sec.) to produce English sentences. The results also show that American speakers take significant longer time to speak all ten Taiwanese utterances. The mean duration shows that Americans take almost twice as much time (2.24sec.) as adult Taiwanese (1.14sec.) to produce Taiwanese sentences. B. Does proficiency level influence the performance of interlanguage intonation\ulcorner Can native intonation patterns be achieved by a non-native speaker\ulcorner Wenk(1986) considers proficiency level might be a variable which related to the extent of Ll influence. His study showed that beginners do transfer rhythmic features of the Ll and advanced learners can and do succeed in overcoming mother-tongue influence. The current study shows that proficiency level does play a role in the acquisition of English intonation by Taiwanese speakers. The duration and pitch range of the advanced learners are much closer to those of the native American English speakers than the beginners, but even advanced learners still cannot achieve native-like intonation patterns. C. Do Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers\ulcorner Ross et. al.(1986) suggests that the presence of tone in a language significantly inhibits the unrestricted manipulation of three acoustical measures of prosody which are involved in producing local pitch changes in the fundamental frequency contour during affective signaling. Will the presence of tone in a language inhibit the ability of speakers to modulate intonation\ulcorner The results do show that Taiwanese have a narrower pitch range in comparison with American English speakers. Both advanced (84Hz) and beginning learners (58Hz) of English show a significant narrower FO range than that of Americans' (112Hz), and the difference is greater between the beginning learners' group and native American English speakers.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈A:수학교육
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• 제60권4호
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• pp.529-542
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• 2021

본 연구의 목적은 한국어학습자의 수학 학습에 직·간접적으로 영향을 주는 수학적 신념을 비한국어학습자에 비추어 그 특성을 파악하는 것이다. 이를 위해 동일한 수학 교실에서 학습하는 문화적, 언어적 배경이 다른 초등학교 6학년 학생들을 대상으로 수학 학습에 대한 인식 조사 설문을 통한 분석적 비교 연구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 한국어학습자와 비한국어학습자는 수학 학습에 대해서 서로 다른 의미를 부여하고 있었으며, 수학에서 성공하는 것의 의미에 대해 다양하게 인식하고 있었다. 또한, 비한국어학습자의 수학 학습 능력을 한국어학습자에 비해 높게 평가하고 있었으며, 문제해결 결과가 다른 갈등 상황을 해결하는 방법을 학생 자신 또는 친구가 수학에서 성공적으로 학습할 수 있다는 긍정적인 신념을 기반으로 결정하고 있었다. 본 연구의 결과는 한국어학습자와 비한국어학습자 사이에 야기되는 학습 격차를 줄일 수 있는 방안 모색을 위한 후속 연구의 필요성 인식 제고에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.