• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.392-397
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• 2015

Blood chemistry values according to ages have rarely been investigated in indigenous Korean calves. The present study aimed to clarify the changes in blood chemistry values of indigenous Korean calves with age. Blood samples were collected from 29 calves (11 females and 18 males) reared at the Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute and the levels of various chemical components in the serum were analyzed. The total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in the calves increased gradually over time. The glucose concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. The blood urea nitrogen concentration increased from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 2 and 4 weeks after birth. The creatinine concentration decreased significantly from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 2 weeks and 6 months after birth. The total bilirubin concentration decreased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase concentration increased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The triglyceride concentration tended to increase from 2 weeks after birth. The total cholesterol concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. The total high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The calcium concentration was maintained between $9.8{\pm}0.8mg/dL$ and $11.6{\pm}0.9mg/dL$ throughout the investigation period, although some levels fluctuated at 4 weeks and 6 months after birth. The phosphorus concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth, and then decreased slightly 4 weeks after birth. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may be valuable for use as a standard for interpreting results of blood biochemical analyses in indigenous Korean calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.211-218
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• 2007

In order to evaluation of prevalence of rotavirus and/or coronavirus, forty suckling Korean indigenous calves (between 2 and 98 days old) with acute diarrhea were investigated by the immunochromatographic rapid test in the field (veterinary practice) on October and on December 2006. Rotavirus and coronavirus were detected in 13 (32.5%) and 8 (20.0%) of the fecal samples from diarrheal calves, respectively. The highest mortality rate in diarrheal calves occurred in the neonatal period from 2 to 7 days old. Totally, 40.0% of diarrheal calves showing acute enteritis were not detected with rotavirus and/or coronavirus. The rotavirus infection rate was significantly difference (p<0.05) between October and December, and the detection rate of rotavirus was bigger than that of coronavirus. These results suggested that rotavirus can be frequently associated with acute diarrhea of suckling calves and affected with changes of temperature.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.220-224
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• 2010

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is an important worldwide disease in the livestock industry. To characterize BVDV circulating in Gyeongbuk province in the Republic of Korea which has the highest cattle population density, 365 rectal swabs from clinically BVDV Korean indigenous calves were collected. Fifty cases were identified as positive for BVDV. A phylogenetic analysis of 5'- untranslated regions (UTR) revealed that most of our cases belonged to BVDV-2a (n = 48), while only two cases were classified as BVDV-1a (n = 1) and 1b (n = 1), respectively. These results indicated that BVDV-2a is the most prevalent subgroup in Korean indigenous calves of Gyeongbuk province.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.151-157
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• 2016

The present study was undertaken to clarify the changes in blood chemical values of indigenous Korean striped calves according to age. Blood samples were collected from 15 calves (8 females and 7 males) reared at the Gyeongsangbukdo Livestock Research Institute and the levels of various chemicals in serum were analyzed. The mean total protein, albumin and globulin concentration in calves increased from 2 weeks after birth, and the levels in females were higher than those in males at 8 weeks after birth. The mean glucose concentration increased significantly at 2 weeks after birth. The mean blood urea nitrogen concentration increased from 2 weeks after birth, whereas the mean creatinine concentration decreased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The mean uric acid concentration increased gradually from 2 weeks after birth. The mean glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvic transaminase concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. The mean total bilirubin concentration tended to decrease from 2 weeks after birth. The mean triglyceride, total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration increased significantly from 2 weeks after birth. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study may be valuable as a standard for interpreting results of biochemical analyses in indigenous Korean striped calves.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.189-193
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• 2015

Epitheliogenesis imperfecta is a congenital disease in which localized or widespread defect areas of squamous epithelium of the skin. Epitheliogenesis imperfecta is rare anomaly of calves, piglets, foals, lambs, puppies, and kittens. Three cases of epitheliogenesis imperfecta in Korean indigenous calves were diagnosed in animal and Plant Quarantine Agency in 2011~2014. In this paper, we tried to report them in detailed and compare with similar cases occurred in other countries.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.43-52
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• 1999

Presently, viral isolation in the diarrheal feces can be reached by many tools such as fluorescent antibody test(FA), negative contrast electron microscopy(NCEM), virus neutralization test, cell culture, and so on. The purpose of the study was to aimed at the establishment of simplified NCEM technique which can be efficiently applied for diarrheal feces and also the understanding on prevalence of viral-induced diarrhea in calves. One hundred fourty-seven korean indigenous calves with diarrhea were examined to their feces by the modified NCEM. Among them, 98(66.7%) were confirmed to have one or more viruses in feces. The viruses detected were identified as rotavirus(33.3%), coronavirus(16.3% ), togavirus(10.2%) and herpesvirus(0.7%). Ten cases of combined viral infection were consisted of 8 with rotavirus+coronavirus, one with rotavirus+togavlrus and one with rotavirus+herpesvirus. Dirrheal types could classified by yello-wish watery(44.9a ), blood-tinged(19.7% ), white watery(17.7% ) , brownish watery(14.3%), greenish watery(3.4%) diarrhea, respectively. Yellowish watery diarrhea(66cases) was frequently included rotavirus(31.8%), coronavirus(15.2%), and togavirus(13.6%), respectively. Consequently, these results suggest that the modified NCEM is reliable and efficient diagnostic tool for detection of viruses in the diarrheal feces and many calves rearing in Chonnam province have been exposed to some enteric viral agents mainly including rotavirus and coronavirus.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence of Neospora caninum infection in Korean indigenous cattle and calves of abnormal deliveries and focus on correlation between malformation and N caninum infection. To determine the prevalence of antibodies to N caninum, sera of 473 Korean indigenous cattle from slaughter house were tested for N caninum antibodies using indirect fluorescence assay. Of the 473 cattle sera, 9.5% (45/473) showed positive against N caninum. Regional seropositive rates of the samples were 16.7% (5/85), 11.0% (11/100), 8.8% (21/240) and 5.9% (5/85) at Kyonggi, Gyeongbuk, Daegu and Kyongnam province, respectively. In female, seropositive rates were 17.5% (25/143) and 6.1% (20/330) in male. During the period from march 2000 to August 2001, 55 abnormal deliveries of Korean indigenous cattle including abortion, stillbirth and congenital malformation were examined by histopathological, immunohistochemical and serological methods for evidence of N caninum infection. Of the 55 abnormal deliveries, only 5 calves showed positive reaction against N caninum in serological test. In microscopical observation, gliosis and nonsuppurative myositis were observed. However, Neospora-like organisms were not detected by either periodic acid-schiff (PAS) reaction or immunohistochemical technique. Taken together all these data, this study indicate that N caninum infection was widespread in breeding farms of Korean native cattle, but correlation between malformation and N caninum infection was not recognized.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.635-639
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• 2010

The prevalence of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in Korean indigenous calves with diarrhea in Gyeongbuk province was investigated. Seventy-five cases were identified as BVDV positive in the diarrhea stools. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all our cases were classified as BVDV-2a. Most of the present BVDV-2a cases were isolated from calves showing clinical signs of watery diarrhea. Our observations indicate that not all BVDV-2 infections cause clinically severe disease. This study shows the high incidence of BVDV-2 infection in Gyeongbuk province. Therefore, the results suggest that a vaccine development and immunization strategies are required for the effective control of BVDV infection in the Republic of Korea.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.287-290
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• 2011

Phylogenetic and nucleotide analysis revealed that severe acute bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) outbreaks from Korean indigenous calves belonged to BVDV-2a, and were identical to those of the highly pathogenic BVDV-2 strain 890, with identical virulence markers and classified as highly virulent. These outbreaks affected young calves (20 and 40 day-old) and were characterized by hemorrhagic diarrhea, depression, anorexia, and weakness. The identification of the highly virulent BVDV-2 isolates among Korean indigenous calves may have important implications for epidemiological studies, diagnostic and immunization strategies.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.269-274
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to examine the epidemiological features of Eimeria in calves with acute diarrhea. Samples were collected from between 15 days and 90 days old calves (n=83) in Gimje area from March 2006 to March 2007. Feces of bloody diarrhea were examined for the presence of Eimeria oocysts using a sucrose flotation method. Out of 83 calves, 62 (74.6%) had Eimeria oocysts. In the results of monthly analysis, the highest prevalence (12.0%) of Eimeria oocysts was found on June. In the seasonal infection rate, spring was the highest prevalence (30.1%), followed by summer (24.0%). Furthermore, the highest prevalence (44.5%) was found in calves from between 31 - 60 days old in the analysis by ages. However, there was no significant differences between female and male sex even though the prevalence was slightly bigger in female than in male. The prevalence of the present study to detect Eimria oocysts for infection may have been affected by weather-conditions in the spring. Young calves should be separated to minimize the infection from cattle as much as possible. Additional studies are necessary to find other factors for infection and combining molecular methods with a highly sensitive system for Eimeria detection could be a reliable and economic way of Eimeria eradication.