• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.19-30
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• 1999

The purpose of this thesis is to overview the periodical changes of the fastenings, from the pins and buttons in ancient age to the velcro in these days, and to study the relationships of these various fastenings to the costume types, and also to research how it is applied to the latest fashion. The fastening is closely related to the costume types, being various in its form, like pins, fibula, brooches, buttons, lacing, points, hooks & eyes, press studs, zipper and velcro. It is clear from the fact that the fastenings have developed remarkably since 13th century when the costume became tightly fitting to the body, while the fastenings had been very simple, like buttons or fibula, for so long time from the ancient time to the 12th century. The end of fastening's development is to be fitting to the body and to make it easy to take on or off the costumes by use of it. In '99 S/S, '99-00 A/W $pr{\hat{e}t}-{\grave{a}}$-porter collections, ornamental fastening was more emphasized then practical one, probably due to the development of more stretchable fabric.

• Ecology and Resilient Infrastructure
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.247-254
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• 2015

Changes in land-use type can affect soil and water properties in stream ecosystems. This study examined the effects of different land-use types on biogeochemical properties and microbial activities of a stream. We collected water and sediment samples in a stream at three different sites surrounded by varying land-use types; a forest, a radish field and a rice paddy. Nitrogen contents, such as nitrate, nitrite and total nitrogen in the stream water body, showed significant differences among the sampling sites. The highest nitrogen values were recorded at the site surrounded by cropland, as fertilizer runoff impacted the stream. Soil organic matter content in the sediment showed significant differences among sites, with the highest content exhibited at the forest mouth site. These differences might be due to the organic matter in surrounding terrestrial ecosystems. Microbial activities determined by extracellular enzyme activities showed similar values throughout all sites in the water body; however, the activities in the sediments exhibited the highest values near the forest site and mirrored the soil organic matter content values. From these results, we conclude that different land-use types are important factors affecting water and sediment properties in stream ecosystems.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.13-30
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the types of Deformation dipicted on the late 1990s western costumes. The late 20th century cultural experience or lifestyle is interpreted with 'popular culture' ,popular culture is described as cultural phenomenon in postmodern condition. Contemporary popular culture may no longer be strictly 'working-class' as the idealistic purists of political formalism would like to , but does emerge from subordinate cultures, from the inventive edges of the consensus, and from the previously ignored and suppressed. It gestured through a widening democratization of styles, sounds and images, to an important remarking , to new possibilities , new perpectives, new projects. The growing importance of popular culture as a source for change of expression in the art, expecially new desire and will of artists has been caused lots of ' Deformation' in their works. Deformation, doesn't mean to represent object faithfully as it were seen through the artist's eyes. In a sense it implies that artists deform it with conscious or unconscious form. So in this study , the phenomenon of the postmodern western costumes is to describe ' formative language' called 'Deformation.' and it is classified three types, that is, 'Deformation of human-body image.' , Deformation of silhouette.' 'Deformation of detail.'. First , Deformation of human-body image is represented by deconstructive , subversive image in western costumes, a lot of costumes types of deconstruction have been shown by fashion designers are emphasized empathy with Deformation of human-body image. Second, Deformation of silhouette is also represented subversion of traditional manner and ultiity, underwear and outwear structure and ugly image. parody image of postumodernism , and so on. Above all, the late 1990s western costumes with Deformation of silhouette was an infinitely larger and more complex world than it appeared from outside and has expressed as a rejection against the values which traditional aesthetic concept had pursued, And parody through the change of internal meaning is to bring about parodox, irony, contempt, satire , unexpectedness by applying the original to inapproporate subject through its substition, inversion. Third, Deformation of detail is represented overdecoration, exaggerative distortion of for , overlapping and fetish image, parody image, kitsch image, and so on , Once fetish achieve a certain' style factor' among trendsettler, they are picked up by internationally famous fashion designers, The characteristics of kitsch are overdecoration , unfitness , imitation , used western costumes.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 1991

Castera is a favorite food which is well known to the general public made by egg, sugar and wheat flour. This study is carried out in order to investigate to the physical properties of eastern. The results are summarized as follows: 1) As a result of the sensory evaluation for eastern with 19 kinds of material in Kyushu on the market, it could be classified into 3 types: A) high grade (Castera), C) low grade (Sponge cake), and B) midium grade (Something middle of those). 2) In the texturometer measurement for eastern, hardness of A type was highest, B and C are 22∼35% lower than A type, while cohesiveness and springiness are not significantly different. 3) In the creep test, 3 types are all the S-element Voigt model, consisting of Hookean body, Newtonian body and two sets of Voigt body. Eo of A type is 13∼36% higher than other types, it tends to the same result of hardness. The parts of retardation strain of A type are 21∼41% lower than B type, 8∼l3% higher than C type, respectively. 4) About the day change of eastern of A type, mechanical model is not changed.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-62
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• 2013

There are various types of foreign body reactions, such as inflammation, edema, fluid collection, hematoma, infection, abscess and granulomas. There are various imaging findings according to types of foreign bodies and depending on the lapse of time. Therefore, correct diagnosis of a foreign body reaction is difficult and easily confused with soft tissue neoplasm. The MRI is ideal for the detection of foreign bodies regardless of radiolucency or acoustic impedance. It is especially very useful in the evaluation of the surrounding tissue reaction. The authors report a case of a 26-year-old female patient with both forearm swelling due to self-injection of a mixture of powdered tablets and saline. The lesion shows numerous internal T1 and T2 dark signal intensity micro-spots with surrounding fluid collection, which are diagnosed as foreign bodies with surrounding inflammatory changes during an operation.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.66-82
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• 2003

China shows body size differences owing to varied climates, economic development, living standards, and ethnic distribution from region to region. That's why some regional research regarding body sizes is necessary for the advancement of clothing goods into China. Here, the materials of the Chinese standard "GB/T 1335-1997 Clothing Sizes" are analyzed to reveal the somatotypes of Chinese adults. Height, chest girth and waist girth were differently noticed in six areas. 1. The distribution rates of four body types (Y, A, B, C) were diverse in six regions. 2. Regional differences were seen as follows: 1) As for the height of male adults, areas 1(Northeast, Hwabuk) and 2(Central Western) were larger than the national mean. Areas 3(Gwangdong, Gwangseo, Bokgeon), 4 (Unnam, Gwiju, Sacheon) and 5(Downstream Jang River) were rather small. 2) As for the height of female adults, areas 1, 2 and 6 (Midstream Jang River) were larger than the national mean. Areas 3 and 4 were smaller than the average. 3) As for the bust girth of male adults, area 1 was the only area that exceeded the national mean. Areas 3 and 4 turned out smaller than the average. 4) As for the bust girth of female adults, areas 1, 2 and 6 exceeded the national average. The other three areas were lower. 5) As to the waist girth of adult males, areas 1 and 2 exceeded the national average. The other four areas were lower. 6) As to the waist girth of adult females, areas 1, 2 and 6 exceeded the national average. Areas 4 and 5 were lower. 7) In the height, bust girth and waist girth of male and female adults, most regions showed differences in means, regional distribution and regional rates.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.821-833
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to provide basic information about body proportion characteristics, and the level of body cathexis and fit satisfaction related to those characteristics. It is hoped that this will help to improve ready-to-wear satisfaction in middle-aged women. In order to achieve this purpose, the body proportion characteristics of middle-aged women were measured and were compared with that of standard and ideal body types. Then, the body cathexis and fit satisfaction according to these characteristics was analyzed. Finally, the following results were obtained. First, the average height of middle-aged women was 6.87 head, waist length was 58.9% of height, and knee length was 25.6% of height. In frontal appearance, the hip width, shoulder width, and chest width were wider than waist width(24%, 20%, and 11% respectively). Chest and hip depths was thicker than waist depth(19% and 17% respectively). Second, in lengths proportion, their lower body was shorter than the standard body shape for women in their 20s'. Also the difference between the width of frontal appearance and depth proportion of side appearance was small, suggesting a more slender silhouette among the middle aged women. Finally, middle-aged women who were not wide or big in the chest had higher satisfaction with their bodies. As shoulder width and chest depth became small, the fit satisfaction of upper clothes increased. While longer lower body had higher fit satisfaction with pants crotch, shorter lower body had higher fit satisfaction with waist and abdominal parts.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.160-166
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• 2011

In u-healthcare services based on wireless body sensor networks, reliable connection is very important as many types of information, including vital signals, are transmitted through the networks. The transmit power requirements are very stringent in the case of in-body networks for implant communication. Furthermore, the wireless link in an in-body environment has a high degree of path loss (e.g., the path loss exponent is around 6.2 for deep tissue). Because of such inherently bad settings of the communication nodes, a multi-hop network topology is preferred in order to meet the transmit power requirements and to increase the battery lifetime of sensor nodes. This will ensure that the live body of a patient receiving the healthcare service has a reduced level of specific absorption ratio (SAR) when exposed to long-lasting radiation. We propose an efficientmethod for delivering delay-intolerant data packets over multiple hops. We consider forward error correction (FEC) in an erasure correction mode and develop a mathematical formulation for packet-level scheduling of delay-intolerant FEC packets over multiple hops. The proposed method can be used as a simple guideline for applications to setting up a topology for a medical body sensor network of each individual patient, which is connected to a remote server for u-healthcare service applications.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2001.07d
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• pp.2519-2521
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• 2001

This paper presents an auxilary beam-assisted adaptive compensation technique applied to alleviate the problem of LDV's body vibration. The LMS algorithm is applied to adaptively compensate the body vibration utilizing the reference signal provided by the auxiliary beam. The usefulness of the proposed technique is verified computer simulations performed for diverse types of target signals and body vibration.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.105-114
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• 2014

This study is intended to identify various reasons on the 'body' of women described in the paintings by Le Corbusier. As a great artist in the field of modern architecture, various figures of 'body' of women he painted were not a mere physiological body of a woman but a meaningful figure combined with many different types of concept in the social and cultural context. In the field of art, body is recently seen as a 'tool for thinking' that studies dealing with it are being actively conducted. Seen in this context, it is feasible to read the situations and causes at that time through movement and changes in the figure of women's bodies described in his painting. Even if it was a speculative inference, this study aimed examining what reasons and perspective Le Corbusier had when painting women's bodies and what message he intended to convey. Reasons on the 'bodies' of women derived in this study serve as an essence of mentality in understanding the spatial design that was constructed around the time of period. Adopting a different view from many of previous studies in the aspect of skills and spaces, it was intended to study changes in the complex and integrated causes in both spatial design and painting and re-interpret an essence of mentality of the spatial design in the humanistic approach according to the notions in society and culture.