• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제49권
• /
• pp.409-434
• /
• 2011

SWIFT has designed Trade Services Utility(TSU) to meet the new paradigm of electronic trade. The Trade Services Utility is a matching and workflow application that sits on the SWIFT network. The TSU is designed to help banks offer advanced supply chain services to their corporate customers who are involved in open account trading. Nowadays, the Bank payment obligation(BPO) can optionally be included in a baseline by mutual consent. The BPO is an irrevocable and conditional obligation of an obligor bank(buyers bank) to pay a specified amount to seller's bank according to an established baseline of a single TSU transaction. Therefore, SWIFT enables its customers to automate and standardise financial transactions, thereby lowering costs, reducing operational risk and eliminating inefficiencies from their operations. Whereas, Banks can use the core functionality of the Trade Services Utility to offer competitive services that complement existing services. But SWIFT need to come up with the measures of activating the TSU BPO. So, this paper is to introduce TSU BPO and check the measures for the activation of the TSU BPO under the electronic trade environment.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제42권
• /
• pp.89-107
• /
• 2009

The latest UCP, Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits, 2007 Revision, ICC Publication No.600 has been adopted by most banks in the world since July 1, 2007. This work intends to study some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the field of examining documents and defining some words. Some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the field of examining documents include the period for examining documents, the conflict with data in the documents, and the fulfilling the function of documents. Some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in the field of defining some words include the complying presentation, negotiation, and nominated banks. Furthermore, this work studies some points for practical attention of UCP 600 in relation to the nomination and the missing in the course of sending documents.

• 음성과학
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.131-144
• /
• 2007

In an effort to improve the performance of mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC), we investigate the effects of varying the parameters for the filter banks and their associated windows on speech recognition rates. Specifically, the mel and bark scales are combined with various types of filter bank windows. Comparison and evaluation of the suggested methods are performed by two independent ways of speech recognition and the Fisher discriminant objective function. It is shown that the Hanning window based on the bark scale yields 28.1% relative performance improvements over the triangular window with the mel scale in speech recognition error rate. Further work on incorporating PCA and/or LDA would be desirable as a postprocessor to MFCC extraction.

• 한국정보처리학회논문지
• /
• 제7권8호
• /
• pp.2361-2369
• /
• 2000

비은행권 금융 기관들과의 경쟁심화와 새로운 정보통신 기술의 등장으로 인해 전자 뱅킹을 채택하는 은행들이 늘어나고 있다. 본 논문은 PC뱅킹의 사용에 영향을 주는 요소들을 파악한다. 국내에 8개 은행을 대상으로 실증자료분석을 수행한 결과, 기술적 요소와 PC뱅킹 사용정도 간에는 유의한 관계가 발견되었으나 조직적 요소와 PC뱅킹 사용정도 간에는 유의한 관계를 발견할 수 없었다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.2236-2249
• /
• 2004

The analysis for the three-dimensional fluid flow past tube banks arranged in equilateral-triangular form at Re$\_$max/=4,000 is carried out using a large eddy simulation technique. The governing equations for the mass and momentum conservation are discretized using the finite volume method. Parallel computational techniques using MPI (Message Passing Interface) are implemented in the present computer code. The computation time decreases linearly proportional to the number of used CPUs in the present parallel computation. We obtained the time-averaged streamwise and cross-streamwise velocities and turbulent intensities. The present numerical results are compared with the PIV experimental data and agree generally well with the experimental data.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제21권2호
• /
• pp.165-174
• /
• 2000

본 논문에서는 M 채널 필터 뱅크를 이용하여 심전도 자동 진단 시스템에서 매우 중요한 파라미터로 사용되는 QRS complex 검출을 실시하였다. 제안된 알고리즘에서는 심전도 신호를 M개의 균일한 주파수 대역으로 분할(decomposition)하고, 분할된 서브밴드(subband) 신호들 중에서 QRS complex의 에너지 분포가 가장 많이 존재하는 5∼25Hz 영역의 서브밴드 신호들을 선택하여 feature를 계산함으로써 QRS complex 검출을 실시하였다. 제안된 알고리즘의 성능 비교를 위하여 MIT-BIH arrhythmia database를 사용하였으며, sensitivity는 99.82%, positive predictivity는 99.82, 평균 검출율은 99.67%로 기존의 알고리즘에 비해 높은 검출 성능을 나타내었다. 또한 polyphase representation을 이용하여 M 채널 필터 뱅크를 구현한 결과 연산 시간이 단추되어 실시간 검출이 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한전기학회 2002년도 하계학술대회 논문집 D
• /
• pp.2182-2184
• /
• 2002

In this paper we describe a prototype Control Rod Control System(CRCS). The CRCS controls the motion of the full length rod drive mechanisms in response to signals from the Reactor Operator and the Reactor Control System. Each mechanism belongs to either Shutdown Banks or Control Banks. The CRCS also provides information regarding the rod motion, rod position, and the status of the Rod Control System. The prototype CRCS will be used to obtain the requirements for detailed design of a full-scale CRCS.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한기계학회 2008년도 추계학술대회B
• /
• pp.2477-2482
• /
• 2008

Effect of computational domain size in simulating of periodic obstacle flow has been investigated for the flow past tube banks. Reynolds number, defined by freestream velocity (U) and cylinder diameter (d), was fixed as 200, and center-to-center distance (P) as 1.5d. In-line square array was considered. Drag coefficient, lift coefficient and Strouhal number were calculated depending on domain size. Circular cylinders were implemented on a Cartesian grid system by using an immersed boundary method. Boundary condition is periodic in both streamwise and lateral directions. Previous studies in literature often use a square domain with a side length of P, which contains only one cylinder. However, this study reveals that size is improper. Especially, RMS values of flow-induced forces are most sensitive to the domain size.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제77권
• /
• pp.113-144
• /
• 2018

This study explores how to prevent the fraudulent export financing and its subsequent export insurance fraud in relation to O/A negotiation. Under the traditional letter of credit(L/C) transactions, the banks, as a negotiation bank, can extend trade financing to the exporters through negotiation of draft and/or shipping documents. Under the O/A transaction scheme, however, bank cannot ascertain existence of trade performance and it is much riskier to extend an advance financing to the exporters before the buyer sends confirmation of debt. In O/A negotiation. some exporters tried to fraud banks by falsifying the shipping documents and the size and gravity of this fraudulent export financing were huge. Therefore, this study examines the banking process in O/A-based trade financing, documents examination process, the negotiation of instruments, treatment of trade financing in export credit guarantee, most importantly, explores what could be the criteria for appropriate treatment of account receivable to insure the safe transfer of account receivable. To maximize the benefit for optimum trade financing, the Bank of Korea established several Trade Finance Rules (refers to "BOK Rules") requiring that commercial banks should maintain optimal credit limits(so called, 'the principle of optimal loan') to extend the trade finance. The K-sure post-shipment credit guarantee programs and short-term export insurance program(EFF)can also facilitate 'the principle of optimal loan' principle.

• 산학경영연구
• /
• 제14권
• /
• pp.149-168
• /
• 2001

외환위기에 따른 IMF지원체제라는 어려운 경제환경하에서 현정부들어 시행된 국내경제 정책의 미숙과 지속적인 실패로 국내금융산업은 매우 어려운 상황에 직면하게 되었다. 특히 무분별한 통제정책으로 빅딜 등 사상초유의 구조조정이 이루어지면서 주요 국내 금융기관의 상당수가 헐값으로 외국기업에 팔리는 해프닝이 벌어지고 있다. 국내 금융산업이 사상초유의 은행퇴출 및 강제 합병, 국내은행의 해외덤핑매각, 엄청난 공적자금의 투입, 정치권의 각종 통제, 급격한 금리인하 등 예기치 못한 변화를 겪으면서 국내 은행들은 생존자체를 염려해야 하는 상황이 되었다. 이제 은행은 새로운 고객의 유치는 물론 기존의 고객을 경쟁사에 빼앗기지 않고 유지해야하는 관계마케팅전략에 관심을 기울여야 한다. 이 분야는 최근에 서비스산업에서 가장 중요하게 언급되고 있는 부분이다. 따라서 본 연구는 국내 금융기관의 거래관계 유형을 파악하고 성공적인 전략을 찾아내는 데 그 목적을 두고 있다. 연구결과 국내은행이 고객과의 거래관계를 유지하는 전략유형은 크게 4가지로 나타났다. 즉, 사회적 결속, 구조적 결속, 재무적 결속, 기타 결속 둥으로 나타났다. 그리고 이러한 전략 중에서 은행의 성과에 유용한 전략은 성과유형별로 다소 차이는 있으나 대체적으로 재무적 결속, 구조적 결속, 사회적 결속 순으로 나타났다.