• Title/Summary/Keyword: Korean aromatic plants

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Variation in essential oil composition and antimicrobial activity among different genotypes of Perilla frutescens var. crispa

  • Ju, Hyun Ju;Bang, Jun-Hyoung;Chung, Jong-Wook;Hyun, Tae Kyung
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • v.64 no.2
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    • pp.127-131
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    • 2021
  • Perilla frutescens var. crispa (Pfc), a herb belonging to the mint family (Lamiaceae), has been used for medicinal and aromatic purposes. In the present study, we analyzed the variation in the chemical composition of essential oils (EOs) obtained from five different genotypes of Pfc collected from different regions. Based on principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), we identified three groups: PA type containing perillaldehyde, PP type containing dillapiole, and 2-acetylfuran type. To assess the correlation between EO components and antimicrobial activities, we compared classification results generated by PCA and HCA based on antimicrobial activity values. The findings suggested that the major compounds obtained from EOs of Pfc are responsible for their antimicrobial activities. Chemotypes of Pfc plants are essentially qualitative traits that are important for breeders. The present findings provide potential information for breeding Pfc as an antimicrobial agent.

Xanthone and Flavonoid Derivatives from the Leaves of Maclura tricuspidata with Antioxidant and Anti-tyrosinase Activity

  • Jo, Yang Hee;Lee, Solip;Ryu, Se Hwan;Yeon, Sang Won;Turk, Ayman;Hwang, Bang Yeon;Lee, Mi Kyeong
    • Natural Product Sciences
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    • v.27 no.4
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    • pp.234-239
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    • 2021
  • Masclura tricuspidata, also called as Cudrania tricuspidata, is one of the most common Moraceae family plants in East Asia. Its trivial name follows mulberry due to the similar morphology. Investigation of the bioactive constituents of M. tricuspidata leaves yielded a new xanthone derivative along with twenty known compounds through various chromatographic techniques. A new compound was defined as mascluraxanthone (3), a prenylated xanthone glucoside on the basis of 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. Twenty known compounds were identified as four xanthone derivatives (1-2 and 4-5), two flavans (6-7), six flavanol derivatives (8-13), a flavonone (14) and seven flavonol derivatives (15-21). Among the isolated compounds, flavanol and flavonoid derivatives with 3',4'-OH groups showed antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities. Conclusively, the leaves of M. tricuspidata are rich in aromatic compounds including xanthones and flavonoids. In addition, these constituents showed antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase potentials, which might be useful for oxidative stress related diseases.

Effect of Methyl Gallate on 1-Nitropyrene-Induced Keratinocyte Toxicity in a Human and Canine Skin Model

  • Lee, Woo Jin;Kim, Min Jeong;Choi, Hyun-Wook;Lee, Jeong Jae;Jung, Sung Keun
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.869-876
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    • 2022
  • The skin, which is the largest organ of the human body, is in direct contact with pollutants in the surrounding atmosphere. Meanwhile, 1-nitropyrene (1-NP), the most abundant nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in particulate matter, is known to have carcinogenic effects; however, studies on its toxicity in human and canine skin are still needed. In this study, we investigated 1-NP-induced apoptosis and inflammatory pathways in HaCaT cells. In addition, we also measured the cytoprotective effect of methyl gallate (MG), which is widely distributed in medicinal and edible plants and is well known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. MG inhibited 1-NP-induced cell death and apoptosis pathways, including the cleavage of PARP and activation of caspase-3, -7, and -9. MG also suppressed 1-NP-induced COX-2 expression and phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and MAPK kinases (MAPKKs). Our findings suggest that 1-NP induces skin toxicity in human and canine through apoptosis and inflammatory responses, and moreover, that this can be prevented by treatment with MG.

Inhibition of Quorum Sensing Regulated Virulence Factors and Biofilm Formation by Eucalyptus globulus against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

  • Sagar, Pankaj Kumar;Sharma, Poonam;Singh, Rambir
    • Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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    • v.25 no.1
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    • pp.37-45
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    • 2022
  • Objectives: The quorum-sensing-inhibitory and anti-biofilm activities of the methanol extract of E. globulus leaves were determined against clinically isolated multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: The preliminary anti-quorum-sensing (AQS) activity of eucalyptus was investigated against a biosensor strain Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472) by using the agar well diffusion method. The effect of sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of the methanol extract of eucalyptus on different quorum-sensing-regulated virulence factors, such as swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, exopolysaccharide (EPS), and biofilm formation, against clinical isolates (CIs 2, 3, and 4) and reference PA01 of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were determined using the swarm diameter (mm)-measurement method, chloroform extraction method, phenol (5%)-sulphuric acid (concentrated) method, and the microtiter plate assay respectively, and the inhibition (%) in formation were calculated. Results: The preliminary AQS activity (violacein pigment inhibition) of eucalyptus was confirmed against Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472 (CV12472). The eucalyptus extract also showed concentration-dependent inhibition (%) of swarming motility, pyocyanin pigment, EPS, and biofilm formation in different CIs and PA01 of P. aeruginosa. Conclusion: Our results revealed the effectiveness of the E. globulus extract for the regulation of quorum-sensing-dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation at a reduced dose (sub-MICs) and suggest that E. globulus may be a therapeutic agent for curing and controlling bacterial infection and thereby reducing the possibility of resistance development in pathogenic strains.

Study of Dried Korean Native Plants Using for Floral Clusters (건조 자생식물 종별 꽃다발 이용 가능성 검토)

  • Sohn, Kwanhwa;Kwon, Hye Jin
    • FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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    • v.16 no.4
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    • pp.266-274
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    • 2008
  • Korean native plants were investigated for their suitability to be used for floral clusters after drying. Floral clusters which were made in semi-sphere with a hand-tied method and can be fit in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper boxes were made with 37 species. Among 37 species, the 14 species which were easy to dry, to make floral clusters, and have not been used in other countries, were Echinochloa crus-galli var. frumentacea, Imperata cylindrica var. koenigii, Muhlenbergia huegelii, Phleum pratense, Setaria glauca, and Setaria viridis in Gramineae, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, and Chrysanthemum indicum in Compositae, Agastache rugosa, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens in Labiatae, Carex neurocarpa in Cyperaceae, and Vitex rotundifolia in Verbenaceae were used with leaves, flowers, and fruits. The suitable plants for a floral cluster in $22{\times}22{\times}37cm$ paper box, a wreath in $22{\times}22{\times}6cm$ paper box, and a flower arrangement in $22{\times}22{\times}22cm$ paper box, which were made to a set, were 10 species, that is Phragmites communis, Setaria glauca, Setaria viridis, Artemisia capillaris, Artemisia montana, Chrysanthemum indicum, Elsholtzia ciliata, Elsholtzia splendens, Mosla punctulata, and Vitex rotundifolia.

Isolation and Characterization of Humic Acids Present in the Soils at the Vicinity of Domestic Atomic Power Plants(NPPs) (국내 원자력 발전소 주변 토양 휴믹산의 추출 및 특성 규명)

  • Lee, Chang-Hoon;Shin, Hyun-Sang;Chung, Kun-Ho;Cho, Young-Hyun;Lee, Chang-Woo
    • Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.165-172
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    • 2003
  • Humic acids present in the soils at the vicinity of domestic atomic power plants(NPPs), located in Yeongkwang(YK), Uljin(UJ), Kori(KR), Koseong(KS), Wolseong(WS) area were isolated, and characterized using elemental analysis and UV/Vis, IR, CPMAS $^{13}C$ NMR spectroscopic methods. The characteristics were compared with one another and with commercial humic acid (Aldrich Co.). Molecular size distributions of the humic acids were determined using a stirred cell ultrafiltration technique. The results of elemental analysis showed that soil humic acid from UJ contains higher oxygen content than humic acids from KR and KS (O/C ratios: 0.51 (UJHA) us. 0.45(KRHA), 0.43(KSHA)). The molecular size distribution revealed that the soil humic acids of UJ and YK contained a higher percentage of larger molecules of > 30,000 daltons, compared to those of KR and KS. The spectral features obtained from UV/vis., IR and CPMAS $^{13}C$ NMR showed that the aromatic character and oxygen containing functional groups in the humic acids from UJ and YK were relatively higher than those of KR and KS. These results indicate that the soil humic acids from UJ and YK were in a higher degree of humification, which may suggest higher affinity of the humic acids with radionuclides released in the soil environments.

Structural Features of Various Trichomes in Vitex negundo during Development (방향성 좀목형(Vitex negundo)모용의 구조적 분화발달)

  • Lee, Seung-Hee;Kim, In-Sun
    • Applied Microscopy
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    • v.36 no.1
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    • pp.35-45
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    • 2006
  • Plants of Vitex negundo are known to develop numerous trichomes throughout their body, where certain trichome types have been believed to be one of the plausible structures for the unique scents. In the current study. structural aspects of the trichomes have been examined in leaves and stems of Vitex negundo using TEM and SEM. Trichome types as well as structural changes that occurred in certain trichomes during secretion have been mainly focused. Three type of glandular trichomes and two types of non-glandular trichomes were developed in the epidermis of young and mature Vitex negundo plants. The glandular trichomes included the peltate type (Type 1), the capitate type (Type 2), and degraded capitate type (Type 3), whereas the non-glandular warty trichomes contained the multicellular (Types 4) and unicellular type (Type 5). Type 1 and 2 consisted of head and stalk cells, but their number and size were different. One secretory cavity was formed from the four head cells in the former, but only two head cells were involved in the latter. The cytoplasmic density in the head cell was quite high and in particular, sER and Golgi bodies were well developed. At initiation of their development, the cuticle layer of the head cells separated from the outer tangential wall to form a secretory cavity. Subsequently the cavity expanded acropetally and a large number of secretory vesicles continuously produced from the head cells until they filled the entire cavity. The cavity contained materials that would be soon discharged into intercellular spaces and/or into the air. The cavity began to decrease the volume by contracting at initial secretion but degrade rapidly within short time. It has been suggested that the mode of secretion in V. negundo is probably the eccrine secretion, since no break or rupture of the cavity has been observed during examination. Contrastingly Type 3 exhibited deterioration of the head cell at early stage. Type 4 was about $110{\sim}190{\mu}m$ long, consisting of $2{\sim}3$ cells, and distributed more in the adaxial epidermis compared to the abaxial surface. However, $20{\sim}30{\mu}m$ long Type 5 was extremely dense in both epidermis. Among several trichome types, Type 1 and 2 probably play an important role in discharging unique aromatic scents in plants of V. negundo.

Effects of Organic Matter Applications on Essential Oil Contents and Composition in Anthriscus sylvestylis $H_{OFFM}$ (유기물(有機物) 시용(施用)에 따른 전호(前胡) 근(根)의 정유성분(精油成分) 변화(變化))

  • Kim, Sang-Kuk;Lee, Sang-Chul;Min, Gi-Gun;Lee, Seong-Phil;Choi, Boo-Sull
    • Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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    • v.6 no.1
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    • pp.16-20
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    • 1998
  • This experiment was conducted to find the most effective organic matters to improve the contents of aromatics and essential oils in root of Anthriscus sylvestylis. Growth of top part was promoted by application of chicken dung with saw dust. The contents of crude protein, fat and fiber were also increased by chicken dung with saw dust. Essential oil content was highest as 0.82% when plants were treated by chicken dung with saw dust. The optimum organic matter showing high yield was chicken dung with saw dust as 276kg per 10a. Twenty two aromatic constituents were identified from root of Anthriscus sylvestylis regardless of organic matter kinds. In particular, aromatic constituents such as sabinene and carboxaldehyde were highest at the application of chicken dung with saw dust as 16.9 and 163.4 % area, respectively.

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Oxidative-Coupling Reaction of Aromatic Compounds by Mn Oxide and Its Application for Contaminated Soil Remediation (망간산화물에 의한 방향족 유기화합물의 산화-공유결합반응 및 이를 이용한 오염토양 정화기법)

  • Kang, Ki-Hoon;Shin, Hyun-Sang;Nam, Kyoung-Phile
    • Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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    • v.12 no.5
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 2007
  • Immobilization of contaminants in subsurface environment is one of the major processes that determine their fate. Especially, immobilization by oxidative-coupling reactions, which is irreversible in the bio-chemical reactions and results in a significant reduction of toxicity, can be successfully applied for the remediation of contaminated soil and groundwater more effectively than conventional degradation. As a catalyst of this oxidative-coupling reaction, manganese oxide has many advantages in practical aspects as compared to microorganisms or oxidoreductive enzymes extracted from microorganisms, fungi, or plants. This paper is to present recent research achievements on the treatment mechanisms of various organic contaminants by manganese oxide. Especially, treatment methods of non-reactive organic compounds to Mn oxide are the main focus; i.e., application of reaction mediator, PAHs treatment method, combination with an appropriate pretreatment such as reduction using $Fe^0$, which suggests the potential of a wide range of engineering application. Concerning the natural carbon cycle processes, immobilization and stabilization by oxidative coupling reaction can be effectively applied as a environmentally-friend remediation method especially for aromatic contaminants which possess a high resistance to degradation.

Aromatic Agriculture: Volatile Compound-Based Plant Disease Diagnosis and Crop Protection (향기농업: 휘발성 물질을 이용한 식물병 진단과 방제)

  • Riu, Myoungjoo;Son, Jin-Soo;Oh, Sang-Keun;Ryu, Choong-Min
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.1-18
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    • 2022
  • Volatiles exist ubiquitously in nature. Volatile compounds produced by plants and microorganisms confer inter-kingdom and intra-kingdom communications. Autoinducer signaling molecules from contact-based chemical communication, such as bacterial quorum sensing, are relayed through short distances. By contrast, biogenic volatiles derived from plant-microbe interactions generate long-distance (>20 cm) alarm signals for sensing harmful microorganisms. In this review, we discuss prior work on volatile compound-mediated diagnosis of plant diseases, and the use of volatile packaging and dispensing approaches for the biological control of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. In this regard, recent developments on technologies to analyze and detect microbial volatile compounds are introduced. Furthermore, we survey the chemical encapsulation, slow-release, and bio-nano techniques for volatile formulation and delivery that are expected to overcome limitations in the application of biogenic volatiles to modern agriculture. Collectively, technological advances in volatile compound detection, packaging, and delivery provide great potential for the implementation of ecologically-sound plant disease management strategies. We hope that this review will help farmers and young scientists understand the nature of microbial volatile compounds, and shift paradigms on disease diagnosis and management to aromatic (volatile-based) agriculture.