• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.415-418
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• 1990

To investigate the changes of adrenal gland associated with follicular cyst in Korean native cattle, adrenals ans ovaries were collected from 54 Korean native cattle at abbatoir. Adrenals were stained by H-E stain and they were examined under light microscope. Enlargement of adrenal cortex affecting fascicular and reticular zone appeared in cows associated with follicular cyst.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.158-162
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• 1995

An abattoir survey was carried out on 300 Korean native cattles reared and slaughtered in North Kyeongnam area to determine the prevalence of Fasciola hepatica infections. The average prevalence of fascioliasis was 46.4% ; the infection rate had a tendency to increase with age. Some hematological and biochemical indices were assayed in Korean native cattle naturally harbouring Fasciola hepatica infection and compared with uninfection control. Affected animal revealed reduction total erythrocyte count and hemoglobin, which was consistent in total leucocyte count and packed cell volume. Infected cattle had lower level of serum total protein and albumin, was consistent serum calcium and glucose indices, had higher levels of SGOT, SGPT and cholesterol indices.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.615-623
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• 1995

Sera from 304 Holsteins or Korean native cattle were collected from slaughterhouse in Kwangju area to study the infection of major virus-borne diseases. Serum antibody titers against infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus(IBRV), bovine viral diarrhea virus(BVDV), parainfluenza type-3 virus(PI-3V), bovine ephemeral fever virus(BEFV), bovine Ibaraki virus(BIV), bovine Akabane virus(BAKV), bovine rotavirus(BRV), bovine coronavirus(BCV) were measured by serum neutralization tests. Results which obtained were as follows. Sera from 280 cattle(92.1%) contained antibodies against BRV which rate was the highest among the 8 viruses, and serum antibodies against BCV, BVDV, BIV, BAKV, BEFV, IBRV and PI-3V were detected from 266(87.5%), 149(49%), 108(35.5%), 94(30.9%), 80(26.3%), 32(10.5%) and 24(7.9%) cattle, respectively. Prevalence of seropositives to BVDV, BIV, BAKV, BEFV were higher among Holsteins than among the Korean native cattle(P<0.05). Prevalence of antibody titers against BVDV, BIV and BEFV in Korean native cattle were higher among females than males, while more males contained antibodies to BAKV, IBRV and PI-3V than females in their blood(P<0.05). Seropositives to BVDV, BIV, BAKV, BEFV and IBRV in Holsteins were higher among females than males(P<0.05). In Korean native cattle, serum antibody titers against IBRV and PI-3V ranged from 1:2~1:32 and 1:2~1:64, respectively, while serum antibody titers against the rest 6 viruses ranged from $1:2{\sim}1:{\geq}256$. In Holsteins, serum antibody titers against IBRV and PI-3V ranged from 1:2~1:64 and 1:2~1:32, respectively, while serum antibody titers against the rest 6 viruses ranged from $1:2{\sim}1:{\geq}256$.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.227-232
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• 2001

Eight dogs were experimentally infected with Sarcocystis by oral inoculation of cardiac muscle from naturally infected cattle. The infected dogs commenced discharging of sporocysts in the feces after 10 to 12 days of inoculation, and continued until 20 and 35 days after inoculation. Three dogs were reinfected with cardiac muscle from the naturally infected cattle. Sporocysts reappeared in the feces on 12 to 13 days after reinfection. Sarcosystis sporocysts collected from the experimentally infected dogs were fed to each of the two 30-day-old Korean native calves. The infected calves remained clinically normal, except for the high fever (${\geq}{\;} 40^{\circ}C$) and decreased hematocrit values on day 30 to 40 post inoculation. Muscular cysts of Sarcocystis were found from infected calves on day 40 post inoculation. Proliferative forms of Sarcocystis were also observed in the muscle of infected calves. These results suggest that the Sarcocystis cruzi found in Korean native cattle has a 2-host life cycle with dogs as the definitive host and Korean native calves as the intermediate host.

• Proceedings of the KSAR Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.51-51
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• 2003

Oct-4 is a maternally expressed octamer-binding protein encoded by the murine Oct-4 gene. It is present in unfertilized oocytes, but also in the inner cell mass and in primordial germ cells. In addition, Oct-4 is the first transcrition factor described that is specific for the blastocysts stage bovine embryos. The spatial and temporal expression patterns were further determined using Immunohistochemistry. With this technique Oct-4 protein expression is detected in the oocyte, in the blastocyst. After pregnancy Oct-4 expression is restricted ovary and placental tissue. Therefore Oct-4 is a transcription factor that is specifically expressed in cells participating in the pregnancy of Korean native cattle. These result suggest that Oct-4 localization and expression may contribute to the defects in the developmental normal seen in Korean native cattle.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.141-145
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• 2003

This study was performed to investigate the prevalence of theileriosis and to compare the prevalence of this disease in Korean native cattle reared under different environmental conditions, namely, in a grazing area and a non-grazing area by polymerase chain reaction. Three hundred and one Korean native cattle (276 cows and 25 bulls) that had not received prior treatment or been vaccinated to prevent theileriosis were examined by PCR for Theileria sergenti infection from 2001 to 2002. In our study, the parasitemia range in T. sergenti-positive cattle by microscopy were from 0.1 to 3％ (mean 0.8％). In terms of mean prevalence, 204 of the 301 Korean native cattle (67.8％) were positive reaction by PCR. Our results also revealed that the infection rate among cows (70.3％) was significantly higher than that among bulls (40.0％) (p < 0.01). T. sergenti infection among the over 3 year-old-group (75％) had a significant higher prevalence than that among the less than 3 year-old-group (61.8％) (p < 0.05). Our data also showed that grazing areas (76.1％) had the significant higher prevalence than non-grazing areas (51％) (p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the prevalence of T. sergenti infection is high and that its prevalence in grazing cattle is higher than that in non-grazing cattle, Therefore, life-long treatment and the development of an optimal vaccine are needed to reduce the numbers of bovine theileriosis in both grazing and non-grazing areas.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.325-330
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• 2005

Ancient cattle bones were excavated from archaeological sites in Jeju, Korea. We used molecular genetic techniques to identify the species and establish its relationship to extant cattle breeds. Ancient DNA was extracted from four sources: a humerus (Gonae site, A.D. 700-800), two fragments of radius, and a tooth (Kwakji site, A.D. 0-900). The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop regions were cloned, sequenced, and compared with previously reported sequences of various cattle breeds (9 Asian, 8 European, and 3 African). The results revealed that these bones were of the breed, Bos taurus, and a phylogenetic tree indicated that the four cattle bones formed a monophyletic group with Jeju native black cattle. However, the patterns of sequence variation and reports from archaeological sites suggest that a few wild cattle, with a different maternal lineage, may have existed on Jeju Island. Our results will contribute to further studies of the origin of Jeju native cattle and the possible existence of local wild cattle.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.500-506
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• 1994

For comparison of beef quality, four kinds of beef (Korean native cattle beef, dairy cattle beef, imported beef, cross-bred beef) were investigated through tenderness, juiciness and flavor related components measurement and organoleptic tests. Flavor related chemical components such as NPN, IMP, free fatty acid and free amino acids were analyzed, water holding capacity, contents of hydroxyproline and intramuscular fat were measured for evaluation of beef tenderness. Instron was also used for measuring beef tenderness as an objective method. Triangle test and descriptive analysis test were conducted for comparison and evaluation of preference of various beef samples. In hardness analysis using Instron, imported and cross-bred beefs had higher value than that of Korean native cattle or dairy cattle beef. Water holding capacity and pH of Korean cattle beef was higher than that of others. The intramuscular fat content of Korean cattle beef was highest, so it was expected juicier than other beef. In flavor related compound analysis, NPN content of Korean native cattle beef was the lowest, which shows it spent the least time among sample meats after slaughter. IMP, hypoxantine and inosine were most abundant in Korean native cattle beef. In free amino acids analysis showed that the proportion of basic acid and aromatic acid content of Korean native cattle beef was highest, whereas that of sulfur containing amino acid of imported beef was highest. TBA value of Korean native cattle beef was the lowest, and analysis of fatty acid composition revealed that the proportion of unsaturated fatty acid of Korean native cattle beef was higher than imported and dairy cattle beef, but similar to cross-bred beef. Organoleptic test was performed by triangle test and descriptive analysis. In triangle test, most panelist could distinguish Korea native cattle beef from imported beef and cross-bred beef, imported beef from cross-bred beef. In descriptive analysis which relys on subjective standards of panelists, there was no difference among beef in aroma, flavor and tenderness except juiciness. Even though contents of non volatile flavor compounds in Korean native cattle beef were higher than those of other beef samples, there were no significant differences in subjective panel test. The results showed that Korean consumers do not have common standards for beef quality evaluation.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.59-61
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• 2011

The prevalence of Toxoplasma (T.) gondii was surveyed using a latex agglutination test (LAT) in native Korean cattle. A blood sample was collected from female 105 cattle in the Daejeon area of Korea. All cattle were asymptomatic and had not received any prophylactic treatment for T. gondii. Blood samples were collected via the caudal vein. The cattle ranged in age from 2~6 years (mean 3.7 years). LAT detected antibody to T. gondii in four of 105 (3.8%) cattle. However, the hazard analysis and critical control point protocol has been applied to cattle farms and beef traceability has been strengthen.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the characterizations of $\kappa$ -CN genes of milk protein. In order to find out the characterizations of $\kappa$ -CN genes, the nucleotide sequences of 5'-flanking regions of $\kappa$ -CN genes were analyzed by PCR(polymerase chain reaction) technique with specific primers in order to investigate the characterizations of these promoters in Korean Native cattle and Holstein. PCR products obtained 349bp fragment and the nucleotide sequences of Korean Native cattle and Holstein of $\kappa$ -CN gene S'-flanking region was analyzed to -82bp from -431bp. On the comparison of each breed, Holstein substituted T$\rightarrow$C at -386bp, and -241bp(T) and -192bp(C) existed, but Korean Native cattle was deleted. Also, Korean Native cattle was existed T at -183bp but Holstein was not. The homology analysis of between Korean Native cattle and Holstein was showed 98.9% homology for $\kappa$ -CN promoter.