• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.77-81
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• 2007

본 연구는 개에서 심장사상충을 검출하기 위하여 표준검사를 적용하지 않은 상황에서 중합연쇄반응검사 (PCR)의 진단 능력을 평가하였다. 효소면역검사법 (ELISA)과 PCR 검사를 동시에 사용한 경우 PCR 검사의 민감도와 특이도는 두 검사의 조건부 독립을 가정한 상태에서expectation-maximization (EM) 알고리즘을 이용한 최대우도법과 Bayesian 기법으로 두 집단 검사 모형으로 분석하였다 2002-2004년 기간 중 심장사상충검사 결과를 기록한 의무기록에서 무작위로 266개 결과를 추출하여 133개씩 2회의 시험으로 배치하였다. 2회의 분석결과를 종합할 때 EM 알고리즘에서 PCR 검사의 민감도와 특이도는 각각 96.4-96.7%와 97.6-98.8%, Bayesian기법에서는 94.4-94.8h와 97.1-98%로 추정되었다. PCR 검사는 심장사상충을 스크리닝하는 도구로 유용하며, 표준검사를 적용하지 않은 상황에서 진단검사의 특성을 추론하는 방법으로 Bayesian 기법은 매우 유용함을 확인하였다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.367-373
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• 2015

Cordyceps species including Cordyceps bassiana are a notable anti-cancer dietary supplement. Previously, we identified several compounds with anti-cancer activity from the butanol fraction (Cb-BF) of Cordyceps bassiana. To expand the structural value of Cb-BF-derived anti-cancer drugs, we employed various chemical moieties to produce a novel Cb-BF-derived chemical derivative, KTH-13-amine-monophenyl [4-isopropyl-2-(1-phenylethyl) aniline (KTH-13-AMP)], which we tested for anti-cancer activity. KTH-13-AMP suppressed the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, HeLa, and C6 glioma cells. KTH-13-AMP also dose-dependently induced morphological changes in C6 glioma cells and time-dependently increased the level of early apoptotic cells stained with annexin V-FITC. Furthermore, the levels of the active full-length forms of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were increased. In contrast, the levels of total forms of caspases-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, and Bcl-2 were decreased in KTH-13-AMP treated-cells. We also confirmed that the phosphorylation of STAT3, Src, and PI3K/p85, which is linked to cell survival, was diminished by treatment with KTH-13-AMP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that this compound can be used to guide the development of an anti-cancer drug or serve as a lead compound in forming another strong anti-proliferative agent.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.203-209
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• 2006

The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of ex vivo MR diffusion tensor imaging technique in order to observe the diffusion-contrast characteristics of human gastric tissues. On normal and pathologic gastric tissues, which have been fixed in a polycarbonate plastic tube filled with 10% formalin solution, laboratory made 3D diffusion tensor Turbo FLASH pulse sequence was used to obtain high resolution MR images with voxel size of $0.5{\times}0.5{\times}0.5mm^3\;using\;64{\times}32{\times}32mm^3$ field of view in conjunction with an acquisition matrix of $128{\times}64{\times}64$. Diffusion weighted- gradient pulses were employed with b values of 0 and $600s/mm^2$ in 6 orientations. The sequence was implemented on a clinical 3.0-T MRI scanner(Siemens, Erlangen, Germany) with a home-made quadrature-typed birdcage Tx/Rx rf coil for small specimen. Diffusion tensor values in each pixel were calculated using linear algebra and singular value decomposition(SVD) algorithm. Apparent diffusion coefficient(ADC) and fractional anisotropy(FA) map were also obtained from diffusion tensor data to compare pixel intensities between normal and abnormal gastric tissues. The processing software was developed by authors using Visual C++(Microsoft, WA, U.S.A.) and mathematical/statistical library of GNUwin32(Free Software Foundation). This study shows that 3D diffusion tensor Turbo FLASH sequence is useful to resolve fine micro-structures of gastric tissue and both ADC and FA values in normal gastric tissue are higher than those in abnormal tissue. Authors expect that this study also represents another possibility of gastric carcinoma detection by visualizing diffusion characteristics of proton spins in the gastric tissues.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.230-241
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• 2021

본 연구 결과 치매 노인의 삶의 질에 영향을 미치는 요인은 우울이었고 우울을 예방하고 감소시키는 보건기관의 정서적 지지 강화 프로그램을 통하여 삶의 질을 높일 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. 또한 치매 파트너인 돌봄 제공자의 자기자비는 치매 노인의 우울과 상관성을 보여, 주민 지지자원의 역할개발을 위해 돌봄 제공자인 치매 파트너의 자기 자비 증진을 위한 프로그램개발 관련 후속 연구가 필요하다. '지역사회에서 나이 들어가기'를 원하는 재가 치매 노인을 위하여 사회적 지지 자원 개입을 통한 치매 파트너 사업에 대한 보건기관의 적극적인 지지와 지속적인 관리가 필요하며 지역 특성에 기초한 정부의 적극적인 정책 수립을 통하여 지역사회 건강 수준을 향상 시키고 건강 형평성 차원의 서비스 제공을 위한 체계적이고 질 높은 틀을 갖춰 나가는 것이 중요할 것이다. 본 연구 결과를 바탕으로 다음과 같이 제언하고자 한다. 첫째, 본 연구는 일개 농촌지역 치매 노인과 치매 파트너를 대상으로 이루어진 소규모 연구로 일반화하기에 다소 한계가 있으므로 대상자를 확대한 반복 연구가 필요하다. 둘째, 현재 지역사회 보건사업의 치매 노인을 위한 활동으로 정서적 지지를 포함하는 통합적 중재 활동 프로그램 운영을 제언한다. 셋째, 농촌지역 주민을 통한 돌봄 제공자의 농번기 활동에 대한 부담감을 해소하기 위한 방안을 세울 것을 제언한다.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.218-229
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• 2021

코로나19 유행에서 건강마을 위원들을 대상으로 주요 건강문제, 건강리더의 역할, 필요한 사업, 비대면 사업 추진을 위한 디지털 환경을 조사하여 코로나 장기화에 따른 농어촌 주민 대상 건강마을 사업의 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 2020년 11월 30일부터 12월 21일까지 건강마을의 건강위원 총 585명을 전화면접조사 하였다. 주민들이 인식하는 건강문제는 코로나19 감염우려(48.5%), 우울(32.5%), 의료서비스 이용 어려움(9.4%), 운동 부족(7.7%)의 순이었다. 코로나 상황에서 건강위원회의 역할은 방역수칙을 지키도록 격려하였다가 91.3%로 가장 많았다. 필요한 건강마을 사업으로 건강물품 제공, 정신건강사업 요구도가 높았다. 가정 내 인터넷이 연결된 컴퓨터나 스마트 기기가 있다는 17.9%, 인터넷 정보의 접근과 이용에 문제가 발생한 경우 쉽게 도움 받을 사람이 마을 내 있다는 42.2%였다. 주민 공공시설에 동영상 시청은 36.9%, 인터넷 사용 가능은 22.2%였다. 코로나 방역과 치료로 농어촌 주민들에 대한 보건의료 서비스 제공이 원활하지 않은 공중보건 위기 상황에선 마을 내 건강리더를 통한 건강관리와 방역이 필요하며, 비대면 환경에서 주민 참여형 건강마을 사업을 할 수 있는 디지털 환경 인프라 구축이 요구된다.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.143-160
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• 2019

국내의 약국 시장은 의약분업이라는 분기를 기점으로 커다란 변화를 겪었다. 의약분업과 함께 이전에 약국을 찾던 환자들이 병 의원으로 이동하게 되었고, 약국은 병 의원에 대한 의존도가 높아지자 약국은 처방조제 이외의 활로를 모색하기 위한 다양한 활동들을 시작하였다. 이때를 전후해 유통의 중요성이 강조되고, 약국의 경쟁력 강화에 대한 필요가 늘어나면서 프랜차이즈 시장으로 급격히 성장하였다. 약국 프랜차이즈 기업들은 가맹 약국을 위한 주요 제품의 자체브랜드화, 약국 취급 품목의 다양화, 소비자 중심 진열기법 활용과 더불어 일반 프랜차이즈와는 차별화되는 약국 시장에 맞추어 약사 직능의 전문성 강화를 위한 약학 경영학 강의 등을 지속적으로 시행하며 시장 경쟁력을 강화시켜나가고 있으나, 이를 뒷받침해줄 학술적 연구와 조사는 미흡한 상황이다. 이에 도움을 주기 위한 연구로서 약국 프랜차이즈 시장의 외형적 규모 유지 및 확대에 영향을 주는 재계약의도와 추천의도에 미치는 요인을 분석한 결과 재계약의도와 추천의도는 브랜드 신뢰에서 긍정적인 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났고, 브랜드 신뢰는 브랜드 약속, 직원 진정성, 독창성, 제품 우수성, 브랜드 명성, 브랜드 동일시, 교육 만족도의 영향을 받는 것으로 확인되었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권6호
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• pp.229-236
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• 2018

Liver cancer is one of the highest incidents in the world, and the mortality rate is the second most common disease after lung cancer. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic ability of deep learning in the classification of malignant and benign tumors in CT images of patients with liver tumors. We also tried to identify the best data processing methods and deep learning models for classifying malignant and benign tumors in the liver. In this study, CT data were collected from 92 patients (benign liver tumors: 44, malignant liver tumors: 48) at the Gil Medical Center. The CT data of each patient were used for cross-sectional images of 3,024 liver tumors. In AlexNet and VggNet, the average of the overall accuracy at each image size was calculated: the average of the overall accuracy of the $200{\times}200$ image size is 69.58% (AlexNet), 69.4% (VggNet), $150{\times}150$ image size is 71.54%, 67%, $100{\times}100$ image size is 68.79%, 66.2%. In conclusion, the overall accuracy of each does not exceed 80%, so it does not have a high level of accuracy. In addition, the average accuracy in benign was 90.3% and the accuracy in malignant was 46.2%, which is a significant difference between benign and malignant. Also, the time it takes for AlexNet to learn is about 1.6 times faster than VggNet but statistically no different (p > 0.05). Since both models are less than 90% of the overall accuracy, more research and development are needed, such as learning the liver tumor data using a new model, or the process of pre-processing the data images in other methods. In the future, it will be useful to use specialists for image reading using deep learning.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.67-75
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• 2019

Background: Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is an involuntary leakage of urine from the urethra when intra-abdominal pressure increases, such as from sneezing, coughing, or physical exertion. It is caused by insufficient strength of the pelvic floor and sphincter muscles, resulting from vaginal delivery, obesity, hard physical work, or aging. The pelvic floor electrical stimulator is a conservative treatment generally used to relieve the symptoms of urinary incontinence. it recommended to applied before surgery is performed. Objects: The purpose of this study was to determine if the transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TCES) would be effective for the physiological symptoms and psychological satisfaction of women with SUI for an 8-weeks intervention. Methods: Easy-K is a specially designed user-friendly TCES. Five female who were diagnosed with SUI by a gynecologist but who did not require surgical intervention were included in this study. Intervention was implemented over an 8-week period. Outcome measures included vaginal ultrasonography, Levator ani muscle (LAM) contraction strength, incontinence quality of life (I-QOL), and female sexual function index (FSFI) questionnaires. Results: The bladder neck position significantly decreased across assessment time. Funneling index and urethral width significantly decreased after 8 weeks of intervention (p<.05). The bladder necksymphyseal distance and posterior rhabdosphincter thickness statistically increased and the anterior rhabdosphincter thickness showed a tendency to increase. All participants demonstrated a significant increase in the LAM contraction score across three assessment times (p<.05). Although the total score of the I-QOL did not show significant improvement, it steadily increased and among I-QOL subscales, only the "avoidance" subscale showed statistical improvements (p<.05). The total score of the FSFI statistically improved and the "desire" score significantly changed (p<.05). Conclusion: The TCES is recommended for women who want to apply conservative treatments before surgery and who have suffered from SUI in aspects of sexual function and quality of life.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제42권6호
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• pp.448-459
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• 2019

The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K/AKT/mTOR) signaling pathway is a promising target for gastric cancer (GC) treatment; however the efficacy of PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors in GC has not yet been maximized. Additionally, the effect of autophagy regulation by PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitors has not been clearly elucidated in GC treatment. We aimed to show that our newly developed PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, when combined with an autophagy inhibitor, chloroquine (CQ), potently induces effective cancer cell death in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated gastric cancer (EBVaGC) cells, where both the PI3K/AKT/mTOR and autophagy pathways play important roles in disease pathogenesis. EBV- and mock-infected AGS and NUGC3 GC cell lines were treated with CMG002 +/- CQ. PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway mediators, cellular apoptosis and autophagy markers were confirmed by Western blot assay. Cell viability was assessed using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. CMG002 effectively blocked the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway by markedly decreasing phosphorylation of AKT and its downstream mediator S6. CMG002 induced G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and enhanced apoptotic cell death in AGS and NUGC3 cells, particularly EBV-infected cells compared with mock-infected cells, as confirmed by flow cytometric analyses and TUNEL (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling) assays. The combination of CMG002 plus CQ synergistically increased apoptotic cell death in EBV-infected GC cell lines when compared with CMG002 alone (P < 0.05). Our results suggest that the new PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor, CMG002, when used in combination with the autophagy inhibitor, CQ, provides enhanced therapeutic efficacy against EBVaGC.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.1409-1419
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• 2021

A growing number of healthy dietary ingredients in fruits and vegetables have been shown to exhibit diverse biological activities. Phloretin, a dihydrochalcone flavonoid that is abundant in apples and pears, has anti-inflammatory effects on ulcerative colitis (UC) mice. The gut microbiota and metabolism are closely related to each other due to the existence of the food-gut axis in the human colon. To investigate the interplay of faecal metabolites and the microbiota in UC mice after phloretin treatment, phloretin (60 mg/kg) was administered by gavage to ameliorate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Gut microbes and faecal metabolite profiles were detected by high-throughput sequencing and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) analysis, respectively. The correlations between gut microbes and their metabolites were evaluated by Spearman correlation coefficients. The results indicated that phloretin reshaped the disturbed faecal metabolite profile in UC mice and improved the metabolic pathways by balancing the composition of faecal metabolites such as norepinephrine, mesalazine, tyrosine, 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole, and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. Correlation analysis identified the relations between the gut microbes and their metabolites. Proteus was negatively related to many faecal metabolites, such as norepinephrine, L-tyrosine, laccarin, dopamine glucuronide, and 5-acetyl-2,4-dimethyloxazole. The abundance of unidentified Bacteriodales_S24-7_group was positively related to ecgonine, 15-KETE and 6-acetyl-2,3-dihydro-2-(hydroxymethyl)-4(1H)-pyridinone. The abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group was negatively related to the levels of 15-KETE and netilmicin. Stenotrophomonas and 15-KETE were negatively related, while Intestinimonas and alanyl-serine were positively related. In conclusion, phloretin treatment had positive impacts on faecal metabolites in UC mice, and the changes in faecal metabolites were closely related to the gut microbiota.