• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.40-55
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to confirm the effects of external applications(CLANCHE SM A Clinic) containing herbal extracts on patient with atopic dermatitis. Methods : A total of 24 patients who visited Semyung Oriental Medical Center from January 15th, 2014 to February 20th, 2014 were included in the study. In this study, the patients were treated with external applications(CLANCHE SM A Clinic) containing herbal extracts. For 4 weeks of gross examination and instrumental assesment were made before and after the study. Results : 1. In the primary endpoint, SCORAD index showed a statistically significant decline. 2. In the secondary endpoint, index of skin hydration and index of TEWL showed statistical significance. 3. In the secondary endpoint, index of skin pH showed no statistically significant result. 4. To evaluate the safety of the products for the human body, vital sign check were conducted and showed no statistically significant result. And There were no severe adverse events during this study. Therefore, it is suggested that the safety of the products, if used for certain period, should be safe for the human body. 5. In global assesment of efficacy, both experimenter and subjects evaluated external applications were effective. Conclusions : According to the above experiments, it is suggested that external applications(CLANCHE SM A Clinic) containing herbal extracts should be effective for the atopic dermatitis.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.1478-1483
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• 2009

A solid-state culture based on grain materials was attempted to produce a fibrinolytic enzyme for blood circulation improvement using Bacillus subtilis BK-17. The spore, rather than vegetative cell inoculation, of B. subtilis BK-17 on the solid-state culture was effective in the production of a fibrinolytic enzyme. Maximum spore production was obtained with a SFM medium (0.8% nutrient broth, 0.05% yeast extract, $10^{-1}$ M $MgCl_2$, $10^{-3}$ M $FeCl_3$, $10^{-4}$ $MnCl_2$, $10^{-5}$ M dipicolic acid, pH 6.5). Optimal pH and temperature were pH 6 and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The spore production reached a maximum at 60 hours of incubation. Bacillus subtilis BK-17 on the mung bean solid-state culture produced greater fibrinolytic activity, and less activity was seen in other grains such as kidney bean, soybean and corn. Protein and lipid contents of fermented soybeans were about 10 - 30% more than those of unfermented soybeans. Amino acid content was also 5 - 20% more than that of unfermented soybeans. These results indicated that fermented solid-state culture medium, fermented soybean in this case, can be utilized as a food supplement.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.198-205
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• 2017

In this study, graviola leaf extracts (GLE) was investigated for the effect of antioxidant, antibacterial, whitening, anti-wrinkle. The antioxidant effect of GLE was measured by an electron donating ability assay. As a result, GLE increased the electron donating ability in a concentration-dependent manner. The antibacterial effect of GLE was found to show the higher antibacterial effect in Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus CCARM3115 compared with that of ampicillin by a paper disc method. The whitening effect of GLE was also measured by tyrosinase inhibition assay, and it was found that the tyrosinase activity of GLE decreased as the concentration increased. The inhibition activity of tyrosinase involved in hydroxylation reaction which is related to converting L-tyrosine to (DOPA) was higher than that of arbutin's at the concentration ranging from 125 to $250{\mu}g/mL$. In addition, GLE reduced melanin contents of B16-F10 melanoma cells in a dose-dependant manner and decreased to about 76.7% at a concentration of $100{\mu}g/mL$ Regarding wrinkling formation of GLE, an elastase inhibition assay was performed. As a result, GLE and ursolic acid were 10.5% and 56.5%, respectively under the identical concentration. These results suggest that GLE has significant antioxidant and whitening activities, and also may be potentially used as a therapeutic agent for hyperpigmentation treatment as an ingredient of whitening cosmetics.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.1271-1274
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• 2006

We investigated the effects of aqueous extracts from twelve medical herbs on ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cell. The cells were incubated with ${\alpha}$-MSH and aqueous extracts 5 days and 2 days and then analysed melanin amount and tyrosinase activities, respectively. Nine aqueous extract of herbs examined at 1 mg/m${\ell}$ level decreased melanin synthesis in B16F10 cell, especially in Agastache rugosa, Leonurus siviricus and Murus bombycis. The significant decrease of released extracellular melanin were also observed in treated cells with aqueous extract from Leonurus siviricus, Murus bombycis and Ledebouriella seseioides. The ${\alpha}$-MSH-induced activation of tyrosinase was inhibited in cells treated with aqueous extract from Cuscutae semen, Angelica tenuissima and Agastache rugosa. These results suggest that herbs inhibiting melanogenesis through tyrosinase activity may apply to develop whitening drugs and cosmetics.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.2021-2026
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• 2011

AgNPs (silver nanoparticles) has been widely used for the commercial products, which have antimicrobial agent, medical devices, food industry and cosmetics. Despite, AgNPs have been reported as toxic to the mammalian cell, lung, liver, brain and other organs and many researchers have investigated the toxicity of AgNPs. In this study, we investigated toxicity of the AgNPs to the liver cell using metabolomics based on HRMAS NMR (High Resolution Magic Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) technics, which could apply to the intact tissues or cells, to avoid the sample destruction. Target profiling and multivariative statistical analysis were performed to analyze the 1D $^1H$ spectrum. The results show that the concentrations of many metabolites were affected by the AgNPs in the liver cell. The concentrations of glutathione (GSH), lactate, taurine, and glycine were decreased and most of amino acids, choline analogues, and pyruvate were increased by the AgNPs. Moreover, the levels of the metabolites were recovered upto similar level of metabolites in the normal cell by the pre-treatment of NAC, external antioxidant. The results suggest that the depletion of the GSH by the AgNPs might induce the conversion of lactate and taurine to the pyruvate.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.77-83
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• 2007

This study is conducted on spontaneous ignition temperature and activation energy of Hydroxypropyl Methyl Cellulose(HMC) powder. HMC is a kind of cellulose derivative and used as additives for building material, surface coating, printing ink, adhesives, cosmetics and medical supplies. So this material has been widely used as important additive in the chemical industry fields and a mount of production has increased year by year. Therefore, it is very important to find out the thermal ignition characteristics of its danger and the critical ignition temperature. This study was performed by the Spontaneous Ignition Tester(SIT) and so on. Based on the data of the SIT-II, the critical ignition point of HMC is about $186^{\circ}C$ which is slightly lower than normal cellulose.

• Korean Journal of Bronchoesophagology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.33-38
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• 2010

Titania nanomaterials are widely used as cosmetics and dyes, however the impacts on human health are uncertain, We investigated the biodistribution of inhaled titania nanoparticles in rats, Methods Eight weeks-old SD rats were intubated and inhaled with 3 mg titania nanoparticles, twice a week, for 2 weeks, After inhalation, the rats were sacrificed and tissues or heart, lung. intestine, brain, and liver were obtained, We investigated the tissues with optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (EM), scanning EM, And to analyze titania concentration of each tissue, we lysed the tissues with radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RlPA) lysis buffer or acid. Results Granulation tissues in lung were confirmed on the optical microscope, however the other organs had no abnormalities in OM images, In EM images, the rats which inhaled titania nanoparticles showed calcium deposition at heart, brain, and intestine, Titania concentration in lung was increased on the inhaled rat sacrificed I month after last exposure. Conclusion Inhaled titania nanoparticles is thought to be deposited and make inflammatory reaction in lung, and the deposition was not efficiently cleared over a month. However inhaled titania nanoparticles may rarely pass through the alveolus-blood barrier and distribute to other organs of the bod.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.117-123
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• 2017

Maple tree is a useful medical plant for obtaining bioactive materials such as pharmaceutics, cosmetics, food additive, etc., and there are 16 species of native maple trees in Korea. In this study, we evaluated the antioxidant activity of sap and crude extracts of Acer mono Max, a representative maple species. The crude extracts were obtained by solvent extraction (water, ethanol, and ethyl acetate) from its branches (bark and xylem). The phenolic contents and radical scavenging capacities of the extracts and the sap were evaluated in terms of half maximal effective concentration ($EC_{50}$) and kinetics by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The ethanol extracts showed the highest extraction yield, phenolic contents and antioxidant activity, and bark extracts showed better antioxidant activity than xylem extracts. The antioxidant activity of the sap was very low, but the $EC_{50}$ of ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts ranged from 68 to $79{\mu}g/mL$, similar to that ($60{\mu}g/mL$) of the control, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). The DPPH radical scavenging rate ($220{\sim}760{\mu}M/min$) and the second-order reaction rate constant ($6.48{\sim}7.04L/g{\cdot}min$) of these extracts were better than those of BHT ($55{\sim}370{\mu}M/min$ and $3.60L/g{\cdot}min$). These results suggest that A. mono Max. is one of the useful bioresources for obtaining antioxidant biologically active substances, and it is possible to obtain physiologically active substances from by-product of its pruning while minimizing the effect on the growth of the tree.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.445-453
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• 2016

Seahorse Hippocampus abdominalis a marine teleost fish, has long been used as one of the essential materials in traditional Chinese medicine. However, the uses of seahorse have been limited due to its high cost, despite its beneficial biological activities. Seahorse has not been widely explored for its biofunctional properties and active components. In the present study, the enzymatic hydrolysates of seahorse were prepared by using two digestive enzymes (trypsin and pepsin) and five food grade enzymes (neutrase, protamex, alcalase, kojizyme, and flavourzyme). The enzymatic hydrolysates indicated higher hydrolysis yields than its water extract. Among them, the distilled water-pepsin hydrolysate (DP) which was obtained by distilled water extraction followed by pepsin hydrolysis, showed the highest yield and protein content as well as the highest alkyl radical scavenging activity. Also, it provided protective effects against oxidative stress induced by AAPH in vero cell and zebrafish. Further fractionation based on the molecular weight was carried out to identify it’s active components, and < 5 kDa (less than 5 kDa) molecular weight fraction was confirmed to have the highest antioxidant activity. In conclusion, this study suggests that DP of seahorse has antioxidant properties, and might be a novel and useful material from the marine origin for healthy functional foods and cosmetics.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2010

The object of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70~90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm concentration of it. Limonene derived from citrus in jeju using conventional synthetic detergents can be replaced with the development of environmentally friendly natural detergent investigated the possibility. Mostly due to ocean dumping, disposal and cause environmental problems by recycling natural citrus cleaner alternative to the research conducted on the possibility. Cleaning efficiency with temperature did not affect the largest concentrations were able to identify the difference between cleaning efficiency. At least 10% of the d-limonene oil could be from the cleaning performance, increasing the concentration of the cleaning efficiency was increased in size. Ultrasonic is very high removal efficiency under the conditions shown in the cause of pure self-generated ultrasonic cleaning power as co-effects of d-limonene oil appears to chemical cleaning effect of ultrasonic cavitation occurs in the physical cleaning effect due to a combination of synergistic stability is maximized by low concentrations of d-limonene oil in a short time showed an excellent cleaning ability. Having the ability of cleaning at the same time, considering the side recycling in the junk citrus peels reflects possibility of basic materials utility eco-friendly in the skin soap, bath soap, cosmetics etc, through ability of exclusion a contaminant in based cleaning effect(EC) it can prospect substitution effect environmentally in the pre existence synthetic detergents.