• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.598-609
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• 2001

Purpose: This study investigated the effect of transformational leadership and individual characteristics on nurses' job involvement. Method: The sample for this study consisted of 594 nurses from 8 large Korean hospitals. The factor analysis was drawn from the Cronbach's alpha analysis, the Pearson correlation analysis, the multiple regression analysis, and the hierarchical multiple regression analysis. Result: This study found that; (1) charisma dimension of transformational leadership has positive influence on job involvement; but intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration did not showed significant effects on job involvement (2) nurse individual characteristics (age, marital status, educational level, tenure, position) moderated the effect of transformational leadership on job involvement. Conclusion : Therefore, to improve job involvement nurses are required to apply the charisma dimension of transformational leadership in hospital organization.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.701-706
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• 1994

Holonic manufacturing system is a new approachto the organization and architecture of decentralized, autonomous and cooperative manufacturing system. The new paradigm combines the concepts of hierarchical systems and the integration of autonomous elements in distributed system. Today's scheduling and control techniques are mostly based on a centralized structure. Only little work has been done on scheduling and control of decentralized, autonomous and cooperative manufacturing system. This paper proposes a new approach IPM(Interactive Prediction Method) for scheduling and control of holonic manufacturing system.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.27-44
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• 2019

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to develop a tractable general-equilibrium model of examining the impact of human resource management on intra-industry trade. Commonly, managers of Korean firms are promoted internally. It necessitates a study of human resource management and its impact on an industrial equilibrium. Design/methodology - This paper relies on theoretical analysis. We build a model in firms are hierarchical; an entrepreneur, managers, and workers. All individuals have heterogeneous managerial talents, which are the main source of managerial quality. Firms search talents for prospect managers, and eventually delegate them to supervise workers. The searching incurs a sunk cost. Findings - Our finding is as follows. Country 1, relatively abundant of managerial talents, can gain more from trade than Country 2, relatively scarce of managerial talents. This is because the higher searching cost leads to the lower survival rate of firms in Country 2. Implicatively, good jobs are destroyed, and aggregate income falls in Country 2. Originality/value - According to our study, relative abundance of managerial talents affects distribution of firm size and determines trade gain. This study can contribute to the literature of organization management and trade.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2021

Purposes: In this study, we examined the factors which silenced the organizing members and how the factors affects deprivation of employment about the organization culture, the organizational silence, and the turnover intention. Methodology: In order to research, we carry out a survey on 400 employees of small and medium hospitals. Among them, 321 questionnaires were used for actual analysis, excluding insincere respondents, non-responders or duplicate respondents. In order to verify the hypotheses in this study, we conduct the covariance Structural Equation Model(SEM). Finding: We obtained results using following hypotheses. First, ''The organization culture has an effect on the turnover intention.'' Second, ''The organization culture has an effect on the organizational silence'' Third, ''The organizational silence has a influence on the turnover intention.'' Finally, ''When the organization culture mediates the organizational silence, the adaptation relationship of the ornization effectiveness is different.'', as the key hypothesis, showed that the agreement culture, rational culture, and hierarchical culture of the organization culture type were statistically significant. The organizational silence as a parameter has the partial mediating effects(-) because it has direct and indirect effects. Practical Implications: The results of this study showed that the reason for the organizational silence of the organizing members is that the organization culture by a grade of rank is the largest and these the organizational silence affects the turnover intention.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.279-291
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• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among nursing work environment, job embeddedness, and turnover intention in order to provide basic data for efficient management of human resources in nursing organizations. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study design was conducted with 177 nurses who had worked for more than 6 months in five general hospitals on Jeju Island. A self-report questionnaire was used for data collection. Results: About 88% of the participants reported that they were considering a turnover plan because of overload in their jobs and poor salaries. Nursing work environment was significantly related to job embeddedness and turnover intention. Job embeddedness was significantly related to turnover intention. Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed that factors affecting turnover intention were the organizational embeddedness factors of organization fit and organization sacrifice. Conclusion: The results indicate that nurses' turnover intention is associated with nursing work environment and job embeddedness. To reduce nurses' turnover intention and improve nurses' retention, nurse managers should improve the nursing work environment and consider job embeddedness, particularly in relation to the organization fit and sacrifice.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.131-144
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of degrees of freedom on the multi-synergies in two hierarchies of human hand system during force production and releasing tasks. Method: In this study, the constrained movements of the aiming and releasing actions using both hands and fingers during archery-like shooting were implemented as experimental tasks. The participants produced a pulling force holding the customized frame (mimicking an archery bow, with a set of force transducers) and kept it consistently for about 5 seconds, and released fingers as quickly as possible in a self-paced manner within the next 5 seconds. An analytical method based on the uncontrolled manifold hypothesis was used to quantify the stability index (synergy index) in two hierarchies including two hands (upper hierarchy) and individual fingers (lower hierarchy). Results: The results confirmed that the positive synergy pattern showed simultaneously at the upper and lower hierarchies, and the kinetic degrees of freedom were associated with the increment of hierarchical synergy indices and the performance indices. Also, the synergy indices of both hierarchies showed significant positive correlations with the performance accuracy during the task. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the human control system actively uses extra degrees of freedom to stabilize task performance variables. Further increasing the degree of freedom at one level of hierarchy induces positive interactions across hierarchical control levels, which in turn positively affects the accuracy and precision of task performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.7
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• pp.71-81
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• 2016

Purpose - Because creativity, which is an intangible resource embedded within the company, can offer a competitive advantage, most companies have an interest in promoting creativity among their employees and division(e.g., marketing organization). Creativity renders a sustainable competitive advantage to a firm because it is a strategic resource that is valuable, flexible, rare, and imperfectly imitable or substitutable. Although most companies broadly recognize the importance of creativity, the methods for developing creativity remain elusive. Therefore, the present study investigates how to structure incentives to motivate employees to be more creative and how to develop tools to facilitate creativity. In detail, the present study aimed to examine the relationship between the regulatory focus of marketing organizations(e.g., promotion focus vs prevention focus) and creativity of marketing organizations. In addition, the present study set out to examine the moderating role of interaction of financial reward and creative training in addition to investigating the direct relationship between creativity and regulatory focus in New Product Development(NPD) context. Research design, data, and methodology - The data used to test the hypotheses are drawn from a survey of full time NPD project members(including project manager, designer, engineer, and marketer). The present study utilized data obtained mainly from a database compiled by the Korea Investors Service-Financial Analysis System which provides comprehensive corporate and financial information on firms listed on the Korea Stock Exchange. A study population comprising 1,000 South Korean firms was obtained from this database. We selected 864 firms from the database, and the firms have experiences of new product development project. We collected a total of 162 responses, for a 18.8% response rate. After we excluded 14 questionnaire because of incomplete responses, a total of 148 questionnaire remained(final response rate: 17.1%). Working with a sample of 148 responses in South Korea, hierarchical moderated regression is employed to test research hypotheses(

The relationship between promotion focus and creativity of marketing organization,

The relationship between prevention focus and creativity of marketing organization,

The moderating effect of joint influences(interaction between financial rewards and creativity training) on the relationship between promotion focus creativity of marketing organization,

The moderating effect of joint influences(interaction between financial rewards and creativity training) on the relationship between prevention focus creativity of marketing organization). SPSS 18.0 and AMOS software were used in the data analysis. Results - The empirical study confirmed that promotion focus of marketing organization is positively related to creativity of marketing organization. Also, prevention focus of marketing organization is positively affected to creativity of marketing organization. In addition, the interaction between financial rewards and creativity training moderated the relationship between regularity focus(e.g.), promotion focus vs prevention focus) and creativity of marketing organization. These results suggest that managers can improve the performances of their creative efforts by providing the use of financial rewards and creativity training in combination. Conclusion - Based on results of this study that examine the effects of regulatory focused creative efforts on creativity of marketing organization, promotion focus is helpful with marketing organizations to enhance their service innovation and performance. Prevention focused organization should allow monetary rewards and creativity training to increase their creativity for innovation of new products.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.249-258
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• 2011

As the elderly population are rapidly growing, the elderly who needs special care and nursing homes for them are also growing. However, many nursing homes were planned without considering the hierarchial space organization such as division of housing unit and nursing unit based on the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of the elderly or accessibility and supportiveness of the staff. This study was to examine the hierarchial characteristics in space organization of nursing homes by using Space Syntax. The subjects were 8 nursing homes in Busan. First, spaces in nursing homes were divided into five areas based on the literature review. Then the hierarchy of space organization for the access layer and layers of living floors was grasped by using G-graph. The access layer has a tree-type hierarchical structure and high visuality. Also, average depth of the space was 5. Then the full integration was analyzed. Mobile area, such as elevator, hallways, or living rooms has a high accessibility and the middle corridor type has commonly been characterized. The nursing stations were analyzed through the control degree and it was low in three nursing homes such as B, C, and G. The low clarity was showed in B, D, and F. The low clarity means that it is relatively difficult to recognize the whole space organization of nursing home. Even though the hierarchy of their living floors was tree-type structure with a high visuality, they has a type of grouping spaces around hallways and spreading, or a ring type.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.61 no.1
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• pp.239-262
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• 2009

The purpose of this dissertation is to positively analyze the characteristics of job center consultants' interorganizational relations and factors that influence this linkage in order to better understand the employment service of South Korea. The material utilized for analysis was collected by surveying consultants and managers of 38 job centers and 364 middle managers while applying the method of hierarchical regression. The following is the summary of the research results. First, there is a difference in the influence factor between the number of consultant's organization linkage and frequency of contact. As seen from this result, if the number of organizations a consultant links is affected by the organization's objective working conditions such as the organization structure, position, and primary responsibilities, then the frequency of contact which indicates intimacy by frequent contact depends on the professional ability of the person in charge rather than objective conditions. Second, the analysis result of influence factors according to the type of organization also displayed different influence factors based on the type. Public organizations and economics related organizations are existent in all areas in the form of municipal offices, public corporation, the Chamber of Commerce and Industry, and labor organizations. Therefore, rather than the personal ability of the person in charge or the influence of other work environments, information of the organization and the actual activities of the head are more influential. On the other hand, private organizations embrace service organizations, employment target related organizations, corporations; they are differentially distributed, which is why they are more influential in organizational reform, decentralization, communication, and the professional ability of the person in charge is significantly influential.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-168
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• 2014

From a complex systems perspective, ecohydrological systems in forests may be characterized with (1) large networks of components which give rise to complex collective behaviors, (2) sophisticated information processing, and (3) adaptation through self-organization and learning processes. In order to demonstrate such characteristics, we applied the recently proposed 'process networks' approach to a temperate deciduous forest in Gwangneung National Arboretum in Korea. The process network analysis clearly delineated the forest ecohydrological systems as the hierarchical networks of information flows and feedback loops with various time scales among different variables. Several subsystems were identified such as synoptic subsystem (SS), atmospheric boundary layer subsystem (ABLS), biophysical subsystem (BPS), and biophysicochemical subsystem (BPCS). These subsystems were assembled/disassembled through the couplings/decouplings of feedback loops to form/deform newly aggregated subsystems (e.g., regional subsystem) - an evidence for self-organizing processes of a complex system. Our results imply that, despite natural and human disturbances, ecosystems grow and develop through self-organization while maintaining dynamic equilibrium, thereby continuously adapting to environmental changes. Ecosystem integrity is preserved when the system's self-organizing processes are preserved, something that happens naturally if we maintain the context for self-organization. From this perspective, the process networks approach makes sense.