• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2007

This study investigates differences by type of caregiving using data on three groups of caregivers, 177 from home stay situations, 189 from day care centers, and 138 from nursing homes. First, the result shows that characteristics of both caregivers and elders differ by type of caregiving. Second, caregivers in the home stay situation have the highest caregiving burden of the three groups. Third, from examination of the related variables, the caregiving burden of home stay caregivers is affected by family income, caregivers' health, type of job, and whether or not the elder has symptoms of dementia. Also, the study reveals that emotional services for elders reduce the aggravation of family relations and economic burden, but that instrumental services highly increase economic burden. It reveals that caregivers of elders in day care centers, especially those who are in bad health, are more likely to experience feelings of constriction, aggravation of family relations and economic burden. On the other hand, caregivers who receive more emotional services have better experiences in family relations, including relations with the elder. In case of the elders of nursing homes, if the main caregiver is a daughter-in-law, aggravation of family relations is higher than if the main caregiver is a spouse. Finally, the caregiver's burden is affected by their own health and income, and by whether the elder has symptoms of dementia or stroke.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.351-362
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was designed to examine fear of falling, depression, physical fitness, and physical activity and further to identify the factors that predict physical activity among community dwelling elders. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional descriptive survey. Participants were 153 community dwelling elders from G city. Data were collected using structured questionnaires and were analyzed using descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and multinominal logistic regression analysis. Results: Activity levers were coded as inactive, minimal activity and enhancing physical active. Thirty-three point three percent reported inactivity, forty-seven point seven percent reported minimal activity and nineteen percent reported health enhancing physical activity. There were significant differences in physical activity relative to gender, age, falling experience, perceived health, and living situation. Further, there was significant difference in fear of falling, depression, and physical fitness by physical activity. For instance, Fear of falling (OR=1.04, p=.014) was a significant predicting factor for physical activity, In contrast for the enhancing physical active the variables of gender (OR=0.28, p=.046), age (OR=0.86, p=.021), perceived health (fair: OR=13.61, p=.006), fear of falling (OR=1.04, p=.026), and two-minute step (OR=1.04, p=.049) were significant. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that physical activity intervention programs are needed to increase physical activity for community dwelling elders. Physical activity intervention programs should be developed and evaluated.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.125-145
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• 1994

The objectives of this study were to characterize the health status, the requirement of home nursing care, and dependency of daily life of the elderly so that the result could be used to provide basic data necessary for establishing home nursing care practices. The study subjects were 249 elders over 65 years old who resided at home in low income areas of three districts in Pusan. The field survey was conducted from December 27, 1993 through January 27, 1994, with a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis was done by X²-test and Student's T-test using SPSS/PC/sup +/ program. The result were as follows; 1. Alcohol drinking rate was 50.0% for men and 27.7% for women, and cigarette smoking rate was 77.8% for men and 27.1% for women. 92.9% of elders aged 65-75 exercised regularly as compared to 81.9% of elders aged 75 and over(p<0.05). 2. 63.9% of male and 85.9% of female elders had chronic diseases showing singnificant differences(p<0.01), and both sexes had 1.7 kinds of chronic diseases in average; musculoskeletal diseases were the most common in 25.7%, while 6.8% of the elderly had cardiovascular diseases. 3. Partially movable elderly was 6.9% for men and 6.8% for woman, showing 47.1% of causes being cerebrovascular accidents. 4. The home nursing requirement was the highest for medication(66.3%), intramuscular injection(53.8%), and measurement of blood pressure·body·temperature·pulse rate(47.0%). 5. Among Physical Activities of Daily Life, bathing(10.4%) and movement(4.0%) showed high dependency rates, and among Instrumental Activities of Daily Life, phone calling(25.3%), shopping(24.5%), going out by bus(22.5%) showed high dependency rates. 6. For five categories of home nursing showing high requirements such as physical health examination, blood pressure·temperature·pulas rate measurements, medication, and intravascular injection, the requirements were different by age groups, education, and marital status(p<0.05).

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2007

Analysis of elders' behavioral characteristic during showering provides important fundamental data when developing an automatic showering system. We recorded showering behavior of 37 elders' at the front, back, left and right view using four CCTV cameras. The photographic data were analyzed by counting the frequencies of body scrub and identifying zones where hands could reach. And we measured their body sizes, and conducted questionnaire of showering for 302 peoples. Analysis was done according to the analysis criteria established. The human body was divided into 14 zones from a body, and the numbers of body scrub for each zone were counted. The average total numbers of body scrub were 170.8 excluding the head, the face and the neck. The average numbers of body scrub with right hand were 70.2, left hand were 88.2, and both hands were 81.8. The percentages of body scrub frequencies were 16.3% (breast), 12.2%(crotch), 8.8% (abdomen), 7.5% (waist), 8.8% (shoulder), 7% (hips), 0.4% (back), 15.2% (arm), and 23.9% (leg). Elders scrubbed the breast, crotch and abdomen more frequently than the back and hips. According to the video analysis and questionnaire results, the distribution of shower heads (or nozzles) at the front side should be arranged at the ratio of 40% of the trunk(breast, shoulders, abdomen), 20% of the thighs, the calves, and the crotch, respectively. The distribution of shower heads (or nozzles) of the back side were arranged at the ratio of 20% of the waist and the arms, 20% of the back, the thighs, the calves, and the hip, respectively.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.317-326
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of an exercise program on muscle strength, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), health perception, and depression among post-stroke elders. Methods: Nonequivalent control group design with pretest and posttest was used. A total of 23 post-stroke elders who met inclusion criteria were recruited. Muscle strength in upper and lower extremities, ADL, health perception, and self-rated symptoms of depression were measured. The exercise program consisted of deep breathing, range of motion, and muscle strengthening exercises using Thera-band, 30~40 min/day, three days a week, for 12 weeks. Results: Muscle strength of right shoulder (U=11.50, p=.001), right leg (U=13.50, p=.002), and health perception (U=24.00, p=.010) in the experimental group was significantly higher compared to the control group at 12 weeks of post-intervention. Depression scores were significantly lower in the experimental group compared to the control group at 6 weeks (U=28.00, p=.021), at 12 weeks (U=22.00, p=.006) of an exercise program. Conclusion: By applying this program, post-stroke elders showed increases in muscle strength and a decrease in depression as well as improvement of health perception. Further study is needed to verify the effects of the exercise program on cardiovascular physiologic variables through long-term follow-up.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.126-136
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• 2003

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze related factors for major nursing diagnoses used in caring for institutionalized elders. Method: This study was a descriptive study. The participants were 92 residents in a long-term care facility in Wonju, selected by convenience sampling. The instrument was a checklist designed on the basis of the related factors suggested by NANDA (1997) and a literature review. Data was collected by chart review, observation, and interviews with the participants. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with the SPSS WIN program. Result: The most frequent nursing diagnosis was 'risk for injury', 'self-esteem disturbance', 'activity intolerance', 'impaired phyical mobility', and 'powerlessness'. The most frequent component for related factors for the five component for each nursing diagnosis was the physical component, followed by the social component. Common related factors for the nursing diagnoses were 'pain', 'change of emotional state/disorder', 'cognitive disorder', 'change of physical structure and function', and 'physical impairment', and 'immobility'. Conclusion: The results of this study can contribute to the development of appropriate nursing intervention programs for elders (eg. 'Injury Prevention Programs', 'Self-esteem Improvement Programs' etc.). Clinical guidelines that gerontological nurses can use to accurately assess health problems and select appropriate nursing interventions may be developed.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.145-153
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to find out apartment residents' consciousness and needs of their community facility by age group as to provide basic data for future community facility planning. For this study, 12 national rental apartment complexes in the Seoul Metropolitan area were selected, and the residents of diverse age groups were surveyed including children, adolescents, adults, and elders regarding their attitude, satisfaction, and necessity of using the community space, and their requests for programs and locations of the community space. As for the analysis method, statistical software, SPSS for Windows 14.0, was used, and total of 891 questionnaires were analyzed for the survey. The findings of this study are as follows. 1) As to major activities in national rental apartment community facilities, older residents tended to show more interest in health, while younger residents tended to show more interest in leisure. 2) The residents' satisfaction about community facilities was the highest among children, and was the lowest among adults in general. Particularly, the facilities that were designed for specific age groups of users showed high satisfaction among users. Therefore, community facilities need to be planned in consideration of each age group of users. 3) Residents' requests for community facilities, in general, were found more among adults and elders than among children and adolescents. Elders made requests for the green environment, and adults made requests for facilities for family uses. 4) As to the results of surveying the requests about community facility programs, children, adolescents, and adults all made requests for programs regarding leisure activities. However, elders made requests for programs related to health or communication with neighbors. Therefore, the purposes and requests of using community facilities need to be identified precisely and then plan them accordingly and effectively.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.539-547
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 낙상 예방을 위한 12주간의 수중 운동 수행 후 장애물 보행의 특성을 운동학 및 운동역학적으로 분석하는 것이다. 여성 노인 8명이 참여하였으며, 대상자들은 수중 운동 전 후에 네 높이의 장애물(0, 2.5, 5.1, & 15.2cm)을 자기선호 속도로 넘었다. 수중 운동 수행 후 고관절의 최대각, 최소각, ROM(Range Of Motion)이 유의하게 증가하였으며, Swing 과 Stance 국면에서 소요시간은 줄어들었다. 수중 운동 후 모든 높이에서 보폭은 유의하게 증가하였고, 보간은 줄어들었다. 수중 운동 후 장애물을 넘는 순간 장애물과 오른발 사이의 수직 최단거리는 증가하였고(15.2cm 장애물 제외), 장애물을 넘는 속도는 증가하였다. 수중 운동 수행 후 제동력, 추진력, 제동 운동량, 추진 운동량은 통계적으로 유의하게 변화하였다. 12주간의 수중 운동은 여성 노인의 근력과 평형성을 향상시켰으며 이는 낙상과 관련된 장애물 보행의 운동학 및 운동역학적 변인의 변화를 가져와 여성 노인들이 장애물을 안전하고 신속하게 넘을 수 있었다. 따라서 노인에게 보행 능력 향상과 낙상 예방 운동으로 수중 운동이 추천된다.

• 대한정형도수물리치료학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-4
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• 2015

Background: This study was conducted in order to see if muscle strength is different according to fall experience in female elders by comparing their muscle strength of waist and knee, which is one of factors inducing fall. Method: For this study, 22 female elders aged over 65 sampled from senior centers in D City were surveyed on their fall experiences using a questionnaire asking clinical history. Then, 8 elders with fall experience (FE) and another 8 without (NFE) were selected and participated in the research. Isokinetic muscle strength was measured with isokinetic equipment BIODEX SYSTEM 3 PRO, and the peak torque was obtained from the highest of 9 measurements at angular velocity $60^{\circ}/sec$ according to the method recommended in the manual. Measured items were waist flexion and extension, and knee flexion and extension. Results: The FE group showed higher extensor and flexor muscle strength of the waist, but the difference was not significant (p<.05). In addition, no difference was observed in extensor muscle strength of the knee (p<.05). In flexor muscle strength, however, the FE group was significantly higher than the NFE group (p<.05). Conclusion: The application of regular exercise programs for improving muscle strength, endurance, etc. to those with fall experience will be effective in preventing falls among them.

• 지역사회간호학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.446-457
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyse researches on nursing intervention for elderly health promotion. Method: A literature review of 38 researches was carried out using guidelines developed by the present researchers. Result: The research papers studied in this research were theses written for doctoral or master's degree and published between 1994 to 2004. These researches applied nursing intervention for health promotion of elders and used experimental study design. The average period of nursing intervention was about 9 weeks and the average frequency was three times per week. As for major characteristics of subject groups, most of them were over 65 years old (76.3%) and resided in community (65.8%), and each group consisted of 10 to 29 elders. The dependent variables used in these studies included physiological variables (blood pressure, blood cholesterol level, pulmonary function, fasting blood sugar, blood cortisol level, body mass etc.), psychologic variables (depression, quality of life, life satisfaction, loneliness, anxiety etc.), cognitive variables (perceived benefits, perceived barriers, self-efficacy, self-concept, subjective health status etc.), activities of daily livings, health promotion behavior, pain, risks of fall, and variables related to Trans Theoretical Model. The majority of these studies (78.9%) applied exercise programs for health promotion including exercise motivating programs (15.8%). Conclusion: We suggest that more various nursing interventions must be applied to promote elders' health and to take care of their chronic diseases.