• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.318-327
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• 1999

Oral medication is one of the most frequent treatment in clinical care. and frequently refused by children. Children's refusal spends unuseful time and require nurses'Patience. So this study was attempted to develop token economy Program which Promote children's medication. and to evaluate its' effect to construct the experimental ground. This study was a quasi experimental study under the nonequivalent control group non-synchronized design. The subjects of this study were 48 children who were aged 3-12 years and admitted pediatric ward because of their respiratory disease. Token economy program was consisted of cartoon record paper with stickers which expresses the better medication is taken the more germs die, and gift was given for back up reinforcer. To evaluate this Program. time spent for oral medication was measured six time to both experimental group and control group. and measured the perceived effectiveness of this program by nurses. To determine the effect of the program, the data were analyzed by the SAS 6.12 Program with t-test and mean, standard deviation. The results of this study were as follows: 1 In experimental group, time spent for oral medication was significantly shorter than in control group(t=5.24. p=0.0001). Therefore, the hypothesis of this study was strongly accepted. 2. Nurses perceived this program as an effective one(mean=3.125～3.792). The effectiveness occurred before. during and after medication as well as in parental responses, especially in using verbal dissatisfaction after medication. In conclusion. it was found that the token economy program for admitted children was effective in inducing the children's behavior of oral medication. There was no effectiveness in very highly anxious children Whereas, it is recommended that this program should not be used for such children until they settle down. If the token economy program was made in various situation with creative thinking, it will be very useful nursing measurement, especially in caring for children. To improve the qualify of nursing care, the various programs, which can give joyfulness to stressed patients should be developed.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.70-77
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• 2013

Construction industry is broadly agreed as one of the most important sectors of any economy around the world. In this paper, time series data of Korean construction industry and Korean economy are examined. The Bon's proposition will be inspected for Korean context using both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. The analysis of the longer than four decades national account statistic of the Korean macro economy verify Bon's proposition of an inverted U-shaped relationships. The verified U-shaped relationships for Korean context exist not only in terms of the construction share in total GDP but also in terms of total construction volume as an economy develops from LDC to NIC and then to AIC eventually with time. The results of the thesis show that the contribution towards the macro economy has varied across different stages of development.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.44-51
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• 2020

Since the mid-to-late 1990s, there have obviously been many changes in the North Korean economy. Since the change has been more pronounced since Kim Jong Un took power in 2012, the purpose of the paper is to track the trend of economic policy by timing. In this paper, I use LDA Topic Modeling, a text-mining analyzer method, to analyze the economics journal "Economic Research," which is a representative literature in the economic field published in North Korea. An in-depth analysis of the "economic research," which has an unrivaled position as an economic journal produced in North Korea, can be said to be an essential task in tracking the reality, limitations facing the economy and alternatives that North Korean authorities are aware of. Through the "Economic Research," where various topics of debate on the North Korean economy are hidden, the North Korean leader's economic policy flow is examined and the contents of the "change" intended by the current Kim Jong-un regime are analyzed.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.1-64
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• 2014

This paper attempts to search the driving forces of the Korean economy after 2000 by analyzing an estimated DSGE model and observing the degree of implementation regarding non-systematic parts of both the monetary and fiscal policy during the global financial crisis. Two types of trends, various cyclical factors and frictions are introduced in the model for an empirical analysis in which historical decompositions of key macro variables are quantitatively assessed after 2000. While the monetary policy during the global financial crisis have reacted systematically in accordance with the estimated Taylor rule relatively, the fiscal policy which was aggressively expansionary is not fully explained by the estimated fiscal rule but more by the large magnitude of non-systematic reaction.

• East Asian Journal of Business Economics (EAJBE)
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-108
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• 2022

Purpose - This study attempts a multifaceted analysis utilizing the Chinese test takers' results of the Economy & Business Aptitude Test. Since Chinese students study socialist theories of economics along with market-based ones, comparing Chinese university students' basic knowledge of economics and business and its application to those of Korean test takers is also very meaningful from the perspective of economics education research. Research design, data, and methodology - This study investigates the results on the test of economy and business understanding between Korea and China. For comparison of the result, we conducted MK-TEST for two universities in China. Result - This study finds that the average correct answer rate of Korea is higher than one of China according to the overall results. The average difference rate is about 15% between Korea and China. More concretely, the correct answer rate of business area is higher than one of economy area, identifying them by subject area. Conclusion - According to the results, this study can infer that there are no or little differences in the ability of examinee to solve applied questions between Korea and China and the differences of the scope and emphasis point in an academic curriculum between both countries might bring these kinds of results. Finally, Chinese students shows higher correct answer rate to the questions about the economy issues and policies related to China than one of Korea examinee.

• Journal of Koreanology Reviews
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.19-26
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• 2023

This study analyzes the historical events that shaped South Korean Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) and its value to businesspeople. Chapter 2 reviews South Korean FDI literature, highlighting critical studies and a research gap. Chapter 3 strategically separates findings into four major historical events. Every event-from economic liberalization to technical advances-is studied. Chapter 5 offers valuable insights and guidance on how these events affect practitioners. The following chapters aim to promote FDI dynamics understanding and enable businesses and governments to make strategic decisions in South Korea's dynamic economy. Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) history in Korea is significant for practitioners. These events have impacted the nation's economy from the 1960s economic liberalization to modern technology advances. Practitioners must understand these events' far-reaching implications to make informed decisions. The opening up of the economy, chaebols' involvement, financial crises, and high-tech industry emphasis provide excellent lessons. This understanding helps practitioners navigate the global economy, adapt, and be resilient for sustainable economic growth in the Republic of Korea. Thus, practitioners should actively advocate for FDI and economic growth policies with government agencies. Collaboration ensures that the government's strategic vision matches industry practitioners' requirements and goals. By working together, practitioners help create policies that make Korea more appealing to international investors.

• Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.187-206
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• 2020

Under the on-going evolution of the COVID-19 pandemic, estimating the economic impact of the pandemic is highly uncertain and challenging. This situation makes it difficult for policymakers, governors, and economic entities to formulate appropriate responses and decision makings. To provide useful information about the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Korean economy, this study examined macroeconomic impact analysis stemming from the pandemic shocks with different scenarios for the Korean economy. Based on three scenarios using the growth rate of 2020 GDP and consumer expenditure patterns, the 2021 GDP by industry sector was forecast with two new approaches. First, the recovering process of the Korean economy from the shock was analyzed by applying a Flex-IO method. Second, a new forecasting approach combined with an IO coefficient matrix was applied to forecast the future GDP changes. The findings of this study are summarized as follows: First, the total GDP growth rate under the Pessimistic Scenario demonstrates less rebound from the shock than that of the Base Scenario. Second, agriculture, culture, and tourism-related sectors that are suffering from the severe losses of COVID-19 showed lower resilience than other different industries. Third, information and communications technology (ICT) industry maintains a stable growth trend and is expected to take the leading role for the Korean economy in the post-COVID-19 and the Industry 4.0 eras. The findings deliver that it needs to analyze how government expenditure responding the shock into the forecasting model, which can be more useful and reliable to simulate the resilience from the pandemic.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.607-607
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• 2005

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-120
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• 2000

In the Step of preliminary ship design a designer should decide a economic ship. The economic ship has the least building cost to a annual freight amount satisfying a given design condition That is RFR is minimum among alternatives.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.198-206
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• 2016

Fuel economy label will be used as a national indicator in energy management, leading to the development of car technology manufacturer and plays a role in providing consumer vehicle purchase information. But the government's fuel economy label is continued consumer complaint is different and diminishing fuel economy were introduced by the government to measure the exact fuel economy label than resetting the 5-cycle test method in the US for the domestic vehicle standards. Originally two test mode in order to reduce the impact of the sharp increase in the resources required but methods of calculating a measured result value by driving all of the five test mode a variety of environmental conditions and the running pattern is reflected to the fuel economy label (city( FTP-75 mode), highway(HWFET mode)) and using 5-cycle correction formula for calculating a fuel consumption value and the equivalent value to calculate the result of the 5-cycle test. The compensation was calculated expression 30s, 5-Cycle Test Method of vehicles in 2011 was considered necessary to review the existing 5-cycle correction formula for the New Type car due to the recent rapid development of automotive technology. In this study, recent technology is targeting 14 units New Type car applied over the same test method and the existing check test mode specific fuel economy properties and, as a result of analyzing the corrected expression differences that have already been developed with the existing test vehicle resulting large did not show the difference was found to correction formula also not getting the existing fuel correction expression significant effect on the improvement of the current automobile technology as a maximum error of less than 1.5%.