• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.73-83
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to compare and analyze the differences and satisfaction of each purchase behavior by classifying cosmeceutical and medical cosmetics. A total of 861 questionnaires were distributed to males in their 20s to 50s (from 1 march 2017). A total of 446 respondents with experience using cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics used as the final analysis material. According to the study, the term recognition for cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics was very low. The differences in each purchase behavior were not statistically significant. but cosmeceutical cosmetic products have been found to have a significant impact on quality, price, container design, and service satisfaction among purchase preference factors (p<0.05, p<0.01, p<0.001), In particular, it was found that satisfaction with quality was the greatest. Medical cosmetics have been found to have a significant positive (+) effect on brand image, price, and container design among purchase preference factors (p<0.01, p<0.001), It was also found to have the biggest satisfaction with the brand image. Based on the results of this study, The features of cosmeceutical cosmetics and medical cosmetics are subdivided. It has been deemed necessary to develop differentiated products according to each purchase behavior and preference.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to examine the tendency of certified organic cosmetics market and the certification standards and regulations they are under, compare one of the most commonly used COSMOS-standard AISBL with the Korea Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) organic cosmetic standard regulation. And then examining their differences and any potential issues is to present suggestions to be made as data for certification standard for natural & organic cosmetics in Korea regulation. This contents of study will be used as good research and development to promote the sustainable growth of the natural & organic cosmetic ingredients which have been grown by organic farmers certified. Also certified organic ingredients may help to growth the organic industry. I believe these are actual comparative for application to develop of natural and organic cosmetics in Korea as well the strengthening of the competitiveness of organic cosmetics certified in the world.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.84-100
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to classify men's fashion leadership into groups and analyzed the differences for the actual conditions of cosmetics purchasing and evaluation criteria. Questionnaires are being administered from 163 men in their 20's and 30's living in Deagu Metropolitan City and Kyungbook. Frequency, factor analysis, reliability analysis, cluster analysis, ANOVA, Duncan-test, and $X^2$-test are all used for data analysis. Our findings are as follows. Men's fashion leadership is being categorized into fashion opinion leadership, innovative communicator and fashion innovator. Cosmetics evaluation criteria are service/aesthetic, ostentatious, function, and economy. Men's fashion leadership is classified into three groups: fashion laggards, fashion leaders, and fashion followers. Males show no significant differences in the function of cosmetics evaluation criteria by the groups but they show significances in service/aesthetic, ostentatious, and economy. Groups display distinctions between the sub-variables in the actual condition of cosmetics purchasing such the place of purchase, companionship when buying cosmetics, and average monthly purchase amount. Although the cosmetic markets for men show high average growth rates per year, cosmetic interests at the age of twenties and thirties are generally low, and cosmetics are not actively used. The customers' experience of using merchandise not only provide the opportunities of trying beforehand, but also lead to the role of information transfer, thus, it can be positively applied to active marketing. In addition, it can be expected that the low-priced cosmetic markets are guaranteed to obtain loyal customers through repurchasing and maintain long-term relationships by providing fashion followers with several promotional events.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.73-87
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• 2019

Purpose - This research aims to investigate the effects that the selection of oriental medicine cosmetics and brand asset attributes have on consumers' economic, emotional and social values in order to shed light on the forms and characteristics of consumption within the globally developing oriental medicine cosmetics market, and in the end positively verify how such perceived values affect purchase intention. In addition, it proposes research outcomes by comparing the differences between national and cultural consumer purchase behavior based on the comparisons of consumer groups in South Korea and China, the major markets for oriental medicine cosmetics. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on advanced research a total of 9 hypotheses were designed and questionnaires consisting of 16 questions to identify six major variables were conducted. Research was carried out centered on Seoul, South Korea, and its surrounding metropolitan area as well as Beijing and Shanghai, China, and a total of 577 sets of significant data were collected. A comparison analysis was then conducted on the data from 285 Koreans and 292 Chinese. A regression analysis and path analysis were also carried out based on a structural equation model to suggest results. Results - Research results show brand value assets had a more crucial impact on consumers' perceived value than consumer selection of oriental medicine cosmetics, while emotional value had a bigger effect on purchase intension than social or economic values. For Chinese consumers in particular, social, economic and emotional values affected purchase intention, while emotional value was the most crucial factor for Korean consumers. Conclusions - With oriental medicine cosmetics, brand characteristics and images that helped express emotional desire proved to be more effective in marketing than the performance aspect of cosmetics, including their functions and ingredients. In the end, products that highlight individual desire and emotion should be introduced instead of those that emphasize price, functions and social characteristics in order to expand the global market of oriental medicine cosmetics.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.271-279
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• 2022

Functional cosmetics containing various ingredients that improve skin health are currently being developed. In addition, technologies that help increase the absorption rate of such cosmetics have recently gained significant attention. Sonophoresis is a method to increase the transdermal absorption of cosmetics using ultrasound. A skin-mimicking phantom was fabricated using polydimethylsiloxane, Strat-M^TM membrane, and thermochromic pigments. Gel-type cosmetics used in skin mask packs and epidermal-growth-factor-based nano-cosmetics were tested for their absorption rates at ultrasound frequencies of 1, 3, and 10 MHz in the single frequency mode, and 1/3 and 3/10 MHz in the dual frequency mode. The gel-type cosmetics and epidermal-grow-factor-based nano-cosmetics showed the highest absorption rate at 3/10MHz dual frequency. The size of the cosmetic particles decreased by 5-9 %. Furthermore, the temperature rise caused by ultrasound could be visually recognized by the thermochromic pigment in the phantom turning white. We presented a skin-mimicking phantom. The device can be customized according to the size of the ultrasound probe and has the advantage of quantitatively evaluating the transdermal permeability of cosmetics at a low cost. The development of the skin-mimicking phantom will be useful for determining the suitable conditions required to increase the absorption rate of cosmetics using ultrasound.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.611-621
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• 2009

As fashion is a visual symbol that reflects age and culture, cosmetics and beauty are other products of fashion that move the time. A dominant designer of 20th century Chanel does not merely stand for a design innovation of fashion industry that created a vogue. With liberation from corsets that cruelly exaggerated and suppressed female body, meaning of style in modern fashion could be found not only in clothing but also in make-up and hair style. Simplest possible comfort was aimed for, and philosophical concepts of minimalism, modernism and dandyism were incorporated with clothing, cosmetics, perfume, make-up and hair style to establish aesthetical concept of total fashion. Chanel thought of cosmetics as an accessory with essential role and although her philosophy on cosmetics and beauty is not as well known as her clothing style, the authors believe that understanding such philosophy will become an important stepping stone for accurately understanding Chanel style. The purpose of this study is to firstly illuminate the idea that cosmetic beauty can be studied with artistic and philosophical background in addition to its functional side and to secondly investigate the reason why Chanel style is being loved by women with such durability over time and space and with what tempo fashion is connected with cosmetic beauty culture and develops. Third, by studying the ways in which characteristics of Chanel's fashion philosophy are expressed in cosmetics and beauty culture, this study aims to accurately understand Chanel's philosophy on cosmetics and beauty. The meaning of this study can be found by showing the evidence that globalization of Korean fashion beauty culture can be achieved only when cosmetics and beauty culture moves with an intimate connection to clothing culture.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.343-355
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• 2013

E-reviews, electronic reviews, are generally perceived as trustworthy and credible by the consumers, because it is based on the experiences of other consumers who are independent of the marketers. Therefore, consumers may rely more on the review information as an important cue than direct experience or advertising. This paper explored the structural equation model to investigate the relationships among search motives of e-reviews, attributes of e-review, trust, and purchase intention for cosmetics. A self-questionnaire was developed based on previous researches. Data were collected from 300 female university students experienced purchasing cosmetics at the Internet and were analyzed by AMOS 20.0. Results showed that e-review attributes consisted of three factors: expertise/visuality, quality/functionality and advertising/design. Utilitarian and hedonic search motives were significantly related to expertise/ visuality attributes of e-review and then influenced the purchase intention for cosmetics, mediated by the trust of e-review. However, quality/functionality attributes related by utilitarian motive did not have a significant effect to trust of e-review and purchase intention for cosmetics. Regardless of search motives and trust of e-review, advertising/design attributes of e-review directly related to purchase intention of cosmetics. As predicted, the trust of e-review was an important mediated variable to stimulate the purchase intention of cosmetics at internet. The implications of findings for research and practice are discussed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.32 no.7
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• pp.1034-1045
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• 2008

The objectives of this study were to group female consumer types according to cosmetics benefits sought at online and off-line cosmetic shopping malls, and to investigate the differences in consumer values, cosmetic purchase behaviors, and demographic variables according to the consumer types. Subjects were 451 females residing in Seoul, of whom 212 were online shoppers and 239 were off-line shoppers. Five dimensions of cosmetics benefits sought were derived by factor analysis. These were functionality, economy, brand, fashion, and practicality. The female consumers were classified into four benefits sought types by cluster analysis of the five dimensions: T.1 'practicality sought type', T.2 'economy sought type', T.3 'brand function sought type', and T.4 'economic function sought type'. Economy sought consumers purchased cosmetics much more from online shopping malls than from off-line. The cosmetics expenses of practicality sought online consumers were low and many of them were in their 20's and middle-class. Economy sought online consumers preferred domestic brand, their cosmetics expenses were low, and many of them were career women. Practicality sought off-line consumers were high in independent value. Economy sought off-line consumers were low in independent value and social approval value, preferred domestic brand, and distributed more in college students than in career women. Brand function sought off-line consumers purchased cosmetics at department store and regarded social approval value as important. Economic function sought off-line consumers were distributed in middle-class and in diverse age range.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.597-612
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• 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine the building process of industrial competitiveness of the Korean cosmetics industry in the global production network. For this study, cosmetics industry in Korea is selected as a research subject. Secondary data and the Korea Health Industry Statistics are analyzed to examine the overall changes of the cosmetics firms under the changes of global economy overtime. In-depth interviews of the case firms are also conducted to understand the old and new corporate strategies which locate with the sustainability and competitive advantages under an uncertain environment. As a result of the restructuring processes, the Korea cosmetics industry has upgraded its position as an innovative power in the world cosmetics industry. In addition, during the restructuring processes, cosmetics industry is overwhelmingly concentrated in the Capital Region, reflecting intensification of agglomeration economies.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.1273-1281
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• 2014

As a variety of industrial technology advances with various materials developed, cosmetics industry in general is witnessing many kinds of new cosmetic products. At the same time, Cosmetics Act becomes effective, and cosmetics ingredient labeling is implemented. Concerns with life pattern such as life management, biorhythm, right posture, and stress symptoms are on the increase in order to seek high-quality life as well. These life patterns are closely connected not only with life quality and health but with skin management, and thus this paper conducts a survey on the connection between functional cosmetics awareness and life pattern. Results show that out of 16 questions concerning cosmetics awareness, responses to question number 3, 5, 6 and 11 have relevant differences among colleges. Furthermore, the results of cross analysis with life pattern show that there are relevant differences between the year of responses and stress symptoms and between the year of responses and right posture. Lastly, it is shown that answers to questions regarding gender and biorhythm, gender and right posture, and gender and stress symptoms are relevantly different. Further research is needed to reveal the differences between college students and ordinary people at large.