• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.84-87
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• 2009

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.316-320
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• 2016

Cosmetic lateral canthoplasty, in which the size of the eye is increased by extending the palpebral fissure and decreasing the degree of the eye slant, has become a prevalent procedure for East Asians. However, it is not uncommon for there to be complications or unfavorable results after the surgery. With this in mind, the authors have designed a surgical method to reduce complications in cosmetic lateral canthoplasty by preserving the lateral canthal angle. We discuss here the anatomy required for surgery, the surgical methods, and methods for reducing complications during cosmetic lateral canthoplasty.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.104-111
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• 1998

This study was performed to investigate the contents of preservatives in cosmetic lotions and creams. The 55 kinds of creams and the 45 kinds of lotions were tested, and the 6 kinds of preservatives such as sorbic acid (SA), benzoic acid (BA), methlparaben(MP), ethylparaben(EP), propylparaben(PP) and butylparaben(BP) were determined for domestic and foreign cosmetics by high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). The recovery rates of methanol extraction and distillation method were respectively the range of 84.82 - 99.62% and 17.47 - 79.91% for the spiking concentration of 1.2% in the cosmetic lotions. Excellent isolation was showed at the wavelength of 230nm for 6 kinds of preservatives. Preservatives were detected for all tested samples and their concentration were not exceeded in cosmetic combination limits. Paraoxybenzoate esters(MP, EP, PP, BP) were used in the 98.0% of samples and not less than 2 kinds of preservatives were used in samples.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.105-136
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• 2015

Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are products of condensed ethylene oxide and water that can have various derivatives and functions. Since many PEG types are hydrophilic, they are favorably used as penetration enhancers, especially in topical dermatological preparations. PEGs, together with their typically nonionic derivatives, are broadly utilized in cosmetic products as surfactants, emulsifiers, cleansing agents, humectants, and skin conditioners. The compounds studied in this review include PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate, PEG-40 hydrogenated castor oil, and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oil. Overall, much of the data available in this review are on PEGylated oils (PEG-40 and PEG-60 hydrogenated castor oils), which were recommended as safe for use in cosmetics up to 100% concentration. Currently, PEG-20 glyceryl triisostearate and PEGylated oils are considered safe for cosmetic use according to the results of relevant studies. Additionally, PEG/PPG-17/6 copolymer should be further studied to ensure its safety as a cosmetic ingredient.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.353-359
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• 2005

In this research, we propose a Unified Fuzzy rule-based knowledge Inference Systems (UFIS) to help the expert in cosmetic brand detection. Users' preferred cosmetic product detection is very important in the level of CRM. To this purpose, many corporations trying to develop an efficient data mining tool. In this study, we develop a prototype fuzzy rule detection and inference system. The framework used in this development is mainly based on two different mechanisms such as fuzzy rule extraction and RDB (Relational DB)-based fuzzy rule inference. First, fuzzy clustering and fuzzy rule extraction deal with the presence of the knowledge in data base and its value is presented with a value between 0 -1. Second, RDB and SQL (Structured Query Language)-based fuzzy rule inference mechanism provide more flexibility in knowledge management than conventional non-fuzzy value-based KMS (Knowledge Management Systems).

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.51-55
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• 2012

Formaldehyde is commonly present in cosmetic products as an ingredient intended to preserve cosmetic raw materials or as a liberated product from other formaldehyde-releasing preservatives. Since even low level of formaldehyde can elicit a dermatological reactions in sensitized individuals, there has been a tendency to restrict and regulate the use of formaldehyde in cosmetic products. In this study, we determined formaldehyde content in 114 commercial cosmetic products such as packs and masks. Formaldehyde was detected at the level ranging from 0.3 to $9.7{\mu}g/mL$ (ppm) in 36 % of the tested cosmetic products. We investigated formaldehyde content of twelve products specifying to contain formaldehyde-releasing preservatives on their labels. In eleven of ten imidazolidinyl urea-containing and two 1,3-Dimethylol-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DMDM hyantoin)-containing products, average of $1.7{\mu}g/mL$ (ppm) formaldehyde level was detected. The formaldehyde levels detected in our tested products are low when compared with the maximum authorised concentration 0.2 % (2000 ppm) of formaldehyde in cosmetics according to the Korean Food and Drug Administration notice.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.381-388
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• 2019

Recently, the importance of individual skin characteristic is emphasized for customized beauty products. There are many studies on the concept of the syndrome differentiation, related to individual cosmetics in Korean Medicine. However, skin characteristic according to Yin deficiency syndrome (YDS), which is associated with aging, are yet to be clarified. The objective of this study was to evaluate the skin characteristic and questionnaire of female with YDS compare to with non-YDS. 218 healthy females between 40 and 59 years of age were assessed for the skin hydration, elasticity, brightness (L^* value), redness (a^* value), pore, pigmentation, wrinkle, and sebum by Corneometerr^®, Cutometerr^®, and Janus lll. Independent t-test showed lower hydration, lower elasticity, and higher redness in the YDS group compared to the non-YDS group (all p < 0.05). There was significant difference on the facial fever, insomnia, decreased amount of urine, and skin sensitive checklist. These results suggested that using the questionnaire associated with YDS and skin characteristic could separate skin types and apply to customized beauty products.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.610-613
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• 2012

In this study, plant extracts including 25% Saururus chinensis, 20% Morus bombycis stem and 20% Morus papyrifera stem were tested to use as possible cosmetic agent. As cosmetic effect test, cell toxicity test, elastase inhibition assay, tyrosinase inhibition assay, anti-oxidation assay and temperature stability test were done as cosmetic assays. Plant extract showed low cell toxicity, excellent elastase inhibition and anti-oxidation effect, however, tyrosinase inhibition effect was lower. Skin, lotion and essence formulation was made using plant extracts and temperature stability test was done. Skin and essence indicated good stability, however, lotion showed phase separation and severe viscosity variation, which means lotion formulation change. From the research, plant extracts including Saururus chinensis, Morus bombycis stem and Morus papyrifera stem were suitable for possible cosmetic agent.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to analyze the total phenol and total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of steam-treated leaves and rhizomes of Polygonatum sibiricum Redoute. In addition, we aimed to confirm their potential use as cosmetic materials by investigating their anti-aging and skin-whitening activity. Methods and Results: The leaves and rhizomes of P. sibiricum were treated with steam at different temperatures for different durations, and the antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activity) and total phenol and total flavonoid contents of each sample were tested. The steam temperature and treatment duration siginificantly affected the antioxidant activity and, total phenol and total flavonoid content of the leaves and rhizome of P. sibiricum. Treating the P. sibiricum samples with steam at 120℃ for 12 h, yielded higher total phenol and total flavonoid contents. Comparatively, the samples treated with steam at 120℃ for 12 to 24 h showed significantly higher antioxidant activity. Further, the steamed samples of P. sibiricum demonstrated collagenase and tyrosinase inhibition activity, which indicated their anti-aging and skin-whitening properties. The samples steamed at 120℃ for 12 h, exhibited higher collagenase and tyrosinase inhibition activity. Conclusions: Leaves and rhizomes of P. sibiricum steamed at 120℃ for 12 h, showed highest antioxidant activity and, total phenol and total flavonoid contents than all other samples. Our results indicate the potential of using P. sibiricum as a cosmetic material by confirming its excellent anti-aging and whitening activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.57 no.9
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• pp.97-109
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• 2007

This study is to examine the relation between self-consciousness and appearance management behavior; to grasp the appearance management behavior depending on self-consciousness which older women feel personally; to understand their needs more deeply; and to give support in planning and conducting marketing strategies effectively in the beauty and fashion market. The subjects of this study were aged women ranging 55 to 69 in age, living in Daegu and Geongsangbukdo. 500 questionnaires were distributed and 397 questionnaires out of 440 returned were used in the data analysis. The results through statistic analyses are following: 1. Among older women, the higher social self-consciousness group appeared to pursue six types of appearance management behavior(i.e., weight body-shape care, skin care, cosmetic behavior, hair care, cosmetic surgery, and clothing behavior) much more than the lower social self-consciousness group. 2. Compared with the lower private self-consciousness group, the higher private self-consciousness group appeared to care for not only weight body-shape care but also skin care, cosmetic care, and cosmetic surgery, clothing behavior with more interest in ordinary times. In terms of hair care, though, there was no significant difference between the higher private self-consciousness group and the lower private self-consciousness group. 3. There was no statistically significant difference between the higher social anxiety group and the lower social anxiety group in weight body-shape care, skin care, cosmetic behavior, hair care, cosmetic surgery, and clothing behavior.