• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.300-307
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• 2013

This study was conducted to determine the occurrence of leaf rot and leaf ring spot, caused by Rhizoctonia solani in Chinese cabbage under seedling nursery and cultivation greenhouses. Symptoms of leaf rot and leaf ring spot were found in three Chinese cabbage cultivars, Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis, 'Ryeokgwang', 'Daetong', and 'CR mat'. In Hwacheon, the disease incidence was 73.8% in the seedling stage of the Chinese cabbage. In Icheon, the symptoms were observed on the upper leaves of the Chinese cabbage cultivar, 'Norangmini' with 20.5% of disease incidence. The symptoms appeared as primary lesions consisting of small, circular necrotic ring spots with gray color, 1.4-3.0 mm in diameter, accompanied by secondary rot lesions with large irregular borders of leaves. The color of mycelial mat of 20 isolates was dark brown and light brown. The average hyphal diameter of all the isolates was within 5.01-11.12 ${\mu}m$. Among the 20 strains isolated from Chinese cabbage, 16 isolates and four isolates anastomosed with the AG-1 (IB) and AG-1 (IC), respectively. Twenty isolates tested were only virulent on foliage parts of Chinese cabbage leaves but were avirulent on stem parts of the plants. Based on the mycological characteristics and pathogenicity test on host plants, the fungus was identified as Rhizoctonia solani.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.359-365
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• 2017

Biochar has the ability to mitigate climate change, improve crop productivity, and adsorb various contaminants. The aim of this work was to confirm the effect of biochar as a soil amendment on growth of Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) using a pot experiment. Biochar was produced from residual-wood burnt at a pyrolytic temperature of $400^{\circ}C$ and consisted of 51.6 % carbon (C) by mass. The biochar was added to the soil at 0, 1, 3, and 5% by weight, which represent about 0, 18, 54, and $90t\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. The Chinese cabbage was grown for 49 days in a glasshouse in pots filled with sandy loam soil. Experimental results showed that the residual-wood biochar used for the experiment was slightly alkaline (pH 7.5). The fresh weights of Chinese cabbage were 86.22 g, 84.1 g, 63.23 g and 70.87 g, respectively, for biochar applications at 0, 18, 54, and $90t\;ha^{-1}$. Compared with the control (i.e., no biochar), biochar application increased soil pH and electrical conductivity (EC). Addition of biochar (54 and $90t\;ha^{-1}$) to sandy loam soil had no effect on growth of Chinese cabbage. This might be due to excessive increase of soil pH from the biochar application, leading to reduced availability of plant nutrients. Based on these results, the authors conclude that an excessive addition of biochar may have negative effects on the healthy growth of Chinese cabbage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.622-633
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• 2018

Chinese cabbage grown during autumn season is confronted with drought conditions for a certain period, especially during the early growth stage. In this study, we investigated the effects of drought stress on plant growth characteristics, as well as free amino acid, carotenoid, and proline in Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage seeds (Bulam Plus) were germinated, and all the seedlings were transplanted into plastic containers (28 cm diameter ${\times}$ 22 cm high) containing a commercial growth medium. The soil water content was measured and maintained at 10% for the drought-stressed plants and at 30% for the control plants, for three weeks. The results revealed that plant growth parameters were lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants. The total free amino acid content tended to decrease in both drought-stressed and control plants with time. The total free amino acid content was found to be lower in the drought-stressed plants than in the control plants and the proline content was unaffected. Moreover, at three weeks after treatment, carotenoid content in drought stressed plants was significantly higher than that in the untreated plants. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because the effects of drought stress on plant growth parameters, free amino acid, carotenoids, and proline accumulation in autumn growing cultivar of Chinese cabbage have not been widely studied in Korea, and our study provides valuable information in this regard, as Chinese cabbage is consumed throughout the year in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.613-618
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• 2011

To develop clubroot resistant Chinese cabbage inbreds, IT 033820, a clubroot resistant turnip, was cross pollinated with a Chinese cabbage inbred of BP 079. From 2005, conventional breeding and microspore culture method performed using these F1 plants as parental materials. In 2007, conventional breeding method resulted in 21 F3 inbreds. After inoculation of clubroot race 4, one inbred showing 83% resistant was selected and registered as 'onkyo 20036ho' in 2008. From 2005, we scanned hybrid cultivars using micro spore culture and developed many doubled haploid (DH) lines in Chinese cabbage. Using Chinese cultivar of 'oong-baek 2ho' we developed 26 DH inbreds in 2007. After inoculation of clubroot race 4, one DH inbred showing 77% resistant and yellow inner leaf color was selected and registered as 'onkyo 20034'in 2008. We found conventional breeding method was effective using introduced germplasm showing low germination. However, when using hybrid cultivar as starting material, microspore culture method was powerful for developing various inbred in short time.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.149-165
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• 1996

In order to get some basic datas on environmental friendly funtion against soil and water pollution and safe vegetable production by organic farming, chemical characteristics of soils cultivated by the conventional farming, greengouse cultivation and organic farming and acumulation of NO3--N in chinese cabbage and lettuce were analysed. The highest value of NO3--N in 0-30cm subsoil of organic farming was found among the 3 different farming systems, and it was 3.6 and 6.6 times higher than those of conventional farming in chinese cabbage and lettuce respectively. P2O5 also show high accumulation in the rhizosphere of organic farming compared to convnetional farming. The accumulation of NO3--N and P2O5 in the rhizosphere of organic farming were simial to those of greenhouse cultivation. The NO3- accumulation in chinese cabbage and lettuce by organic farming reach 3224ppm in chinese cabbage and 2543ppm in lettuce and it were 4.7 and 6.4 times higher than those of convnetional farming. It is urgently necessary to introduce the basic standard of IFOAM, EU and FAO/WHO Codex on organic agriculture into korean organic agriculture for operation of environmental friendly system and production of safe vegetable in terms of NO3-.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2000.11c
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• pp.792-802
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• 2000

The coagulation of Chinese cabbage juice can be accomplished by applying the combine method of the formic acid with rate of 3% and in four hours the propionic acid with rate of 1 % in the juice. The separation of coagulation into the protein paste and the brown juice completed in 6.5 hours by set up method in special storage. The protein paste can be stored safely for 30 days in anaerobic condition.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 1997

This study aims to find out the devices to minimize the amount of nitrate ingested from kimchi, the main way of vegetable intake for Koreans, and the basic data to deliver to calculate the total daily intake for Korean, investigating the year-round changes of nitrate content in vegetables for Kimche raw material, and changes of nitrate content by salting of chinese cabbage, and stewed kimchi through the use of different cooking methods. The results obtained were summarized as follow: over between 205-6655mg/kg f.w. in chinese cabbage, 480-3970mg/kg f.w. in chinese radish, 157-5820mg/kg f.w. in lettuce and 29-520mg/kg f.w. in cucumber respectively. Therefore it was strongly adviced to introduce the nitrate limit value of vegetables in Korea if the nitrate content in Kimchi should be reduced to meet the nitrate ADI(Acceptable Daily Intake, 219mg60kg b.w) of FAO.WHO, because the nitrate content in Kimchi reflects the nitrate content in vegetables. In order to keep the low nitrate content in Kimchi. it was adviced to remove the outer leaf which contains 2-3 times higher nitrate content compare to the inner leaf at the time of preparation, i.e. chinese cabbage, before the soaking treatment in salt solution for Kimchi making process. The dehydration by soaking treatment in salt solution occurred at 0.9%~4.7% in leaf midrib and more than 13%~24% in leaf blade. The nitrate content after soaking in salt solution was increased 107%~123% compared with before soaking, increasing rates of nitrate content in the outer and inner leaf midrib were higher than those in leaf blade. The increase of nitrate content in salt solution after soaking due to the dehydration of chinese cabbage by soaking treatment. The Kimchi stew(Kimchi JJige) was processed with and without animal oil, but the amount of nitrate in kimchi stew did not decrease both treatments, but it increased after the processing since the water in Kimchi stew has got low by boiling.

• Plant Biotechnology Reports
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.19-25
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• 2007

To develop an efficient screening method for detection of the transgene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa spp. pekinensis) utilizing Basta spray, optimal conditions for Basta application were examined in this study. Two transgenic Chinese cabbage lines were obtained through Agrobacterium-mediated transformation and used as transgenic positive controls in the Basta screening experiment. Differential concentrations of glufosinate-ammonium were sprayed into three different growth stages of 12 commercial Chinese cabbage cultivars. The results showed that no plants could survive higher than 0.05% glufosinate-ammonium, and plants at the 2-3 leaf stage were most vulnerable to glufosinate-ammonium. On the other hand, no damage was observed in the transgenic control plants. Reliability of the Basta spray method was proven by showing perfect co-segregation of the tolerance to glufosinate-ammonium and the presence of the bar gene in T₁ segregating populations of the transgenic lines, as revealed by both PCR and Southern blot analyses. Using the developed Basta screening method, we tried to investigate the transgene flow through pollen dispersal, but failed to detect any transgene-containing non-transgenic Chinese cabbages whose parents had been planted adjacent to transgenic Chinese cabbages in field conditions. However, the transgene was successfully detected using Basta spray from the non-transgenic plants bearing the transgene introduced by hand-pollination. Since the Basta spray method developed in this study is easy to apply and economical, it will be a valuable tool for understanding the mechanism of gene flow through pollen transfer and for establishing a biosafety test protocol for genetically modified (GM) Chinese cabbage cultivars.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.173-178
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the quality changes of Chinese cabbage with various storage methods. The V/H ratio, as reference of withering, of Chinese cabbage in PE film was high. Ethanol contents of Chinese cabbage packed with 0.06mm and 0.1mm PE film pouch were greater than that with 0.03mm PE film pouch. Organic acid and sugar contents in the Chinese cabbage were gradually decreased during storage. Chinese cabbage packed with 0.03mm PE film pouch was more adaptable than 0.06mm PE film pouch in winter Chinese cabbage during storage. The CO$_2$ contents in PE film pouch was increased hums 15days of storage, and then not changed during storage. The change of O$_2$ contents in PE film Pouch was opposed to tendency of CO$_2$ change. The 0.06mm and 0.1mm PE film Pouch high CO$_2$ contents and low O$_2$ contents during the storage, were less adaptable than 0.03mm PE film pouch in the winter Chinese cabbage storage.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.259-264
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• 1993

Allelopathic chemicals exudated from plants stimulate or inhibit crops directly or indirectly. To prove the effects of allelochemics, we isolated and identified the compounds by bioassays on the monoculture and crosscropping cultre systems. p-Coumaric acid were exudated on all of the test crops such as tomato, red pepper, lettuce, chinese cabbage and sesame, but pyrogallol and phenylacetic acid on tomato. hydroquinone on red pepper and egg plant, pyrogallol on lettuce, and vanillic acid on chinese cabbage. The highest total concentration of allelochemics was $5,883{\mu}g$ on tomato, lowest was $220{\mu}g/g$ dry plant weight on sesame. On the cross-cropping culture of tomato-egg plant, tomato-red pepper, chinese cabbage-egg plant, chinese cabbage-red pepper and chinese cabbage-sasame, the plant height, aerial dry weight and total dry weight of the tomato and the chinese cabbage were inereased contrast with monoculture, but decreased greatly on red pepper and sesame. Growth rate of both crops on the cross-cropping culture of tomato-chinese cabbage declined, while that of chinese cabbage was increased but lettuce decreased on the chinese cabbage-lettuce cross-cropping culture contrast with monoculture.