• Molecules and Cells
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.466-473
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• 2015

Over the last 30 years, Hanwoo has been selectively bred to improve economically important traits. Hanwoo is currently the representative Korean native beef cattle breed, and it is believed that it shared an ancestor with a Chinese breed, Yanbian cattle, until the last century. However, these two breeds have experienced different selection pressures during recent decades. Here, we whole-genome sequenced 10 animals each of Hanwoo and Yanbian cattle (20 total) using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencer. A total of approximately 3.12 and 3.07 billion sequence reads were mapped to the bovine reference sequence assembly (UMD 3.1) at an average of approximately 10.71- and 10.53-fold coverage for Hanwoo and Yanbian cattle, respectively. A total of 17,936,399 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were yielded, of which 22.3% were found to be novel. By annotating the SNPs, we further retrieved numerous nonsynonymous SNPs that may be associated with traits of interest in cattle. Furthermore, we performed whole-genome screening to detect signatures of selection throughout the genome. We located several promising selective sweeps that are potentially responsible for economically important traits in cattle; the PPP1R12A gene is an example of a gene that potentially affects intramuscular fat content. These discoveries provide valuable genomic information regarding potential genomic markers that could predict traits of interest for breeding programs of these cattle breeds.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제31권7호
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• pp.1902-1906
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• 2010

A microchip electrophoresis (ME) method was developed using a programmed field strength gradients (PFSG) for the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) based fast identification of cattle breeds. Four different Korean cattle (Hanwoo) and Holstein SNP markers amplified by allele-specific polymerase chain reaction were separated in a glass microchip filled with 0.5% poly(ethyleneoxide) ($M_r$ = 8 000 000) by PFSG as follows: 750 V/cm for 0 - 14 s, 166.7 V/cm for 14 - 31 s, 83.3 V/cm for 31 - 46 s, and 750 V/cm for 46 - 100 s. The cattle breeds were clearly distinguished within 45 s. The ME-PFSG method was 7 times and 5 times faster than the constant electric field ME method and the capillary electrophoresis- PFSG method, respectively, with a high resolving power ($R_s$ = 5.05 - 9.98). The proposed methodology could be a powerful tool for the fast and simultaneous determination of SNP markers for various cattle breeds with high accuracy.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2004

본 연구는 축우의 모색발현에 관여하는 MC1R, MGF 및 TYRP1 3종류의 모색 유전자의 PCR-RFLP marker를 이용하여 쇠고기 품종 판별기술을 개발하고자 수행하였다. MC1R 유전자의 104번째 아미노산을 지정하는 codon에 GGT 염기를 갖고 있는 Holstein 젖소와 Angus 육우는 제한효소 인지부위가 존재하여 537 bp증폭산물이 절단되어 329와 208bp 두개의 band가 검출되었으나 한우에서는 GTG로 G 염기가 T염기로 치환됨으로써 제한효소 인식부위가 소실되어 537 bp의 단일 bind 만이 검출되었다. 따라서, 이처럼 MC1R 모색유전자의 품종 간 특정 염기서열의 차이가 곧 특정 제한효소의 염기 서열상의 인지 부위 차이를 가져와 한우와 Holstein 젖소 및 Angus 육우 품종간의 RFLP 유전자형 출현에 확실한 차이가 인정되어 한우 품종에 특이적인 MC1R 유전자의 RFLP marker를 이용한 한우육 판별이 가능하였다. 또한, MGF 유전자의 RFLP 유전자형 출현빈도에서 한우는 r/r형이 75％로 출현율이 매우 높은 유전자형으로 분석된 반면 Hereford종은 R/R 형이 80％로 출현율이 매우 높았고 Holstein종과 Angus종은 R/r형이 100％ 출현함으로써 한우와 Holstein 및 수입육우 품종간의 MGF 유전자형 출현빈도에 뚜렷한 차이가 인정되었다. 한편, TYRP1 유전자의 RFLP유전자형을 분석한 결과 모든 품종에서 동일한 RFLP type이 검출되어 TYRP1 모색 유전자를 이용한 쇠고기 품종 구별은 불가능한 것으로 나타났다. 따라서, 소 모색 관련 MC1R과 MGF 두 유전자의 품종 특이적 PCR-RFLP 유전자형은 한우육과 국내산 Holstein젖소고기 및 Angus 수입육간의 품종을 식별하는데 매우 유용한 DNA marker로 이용될 수 있음이 확인되었다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.275-281
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• 2007

Neospora caninum (N caninum) is an intracellular protozoa parasite, and its infection is one of the important diseases because it can cause abortion in cattle. This study was conduct to gain epidemiological data for more effective control of the disease. Bloods were collected from 2,162 cattle on 90 farms from February to September 2006. Serums were tested for antibodies to N caninum using ELISA CherdCheck, IDEXX). The dairy breed presented a higher proportion of seropositive results than that of Hanwoo. The estimated proportion of N caninum-positive dairy farms was 71.1 %, but the overall seroprevalence was estimated as 22.8%. The seroprevalence of dairy cattle and Hanwoo were 31.0% and 4.9%, respectively. There was no significant difference in the seroprevalence by age, but the not-intensive managed farms had a high seroprevalence (OR=1.91, p-value<0.01). The antibody rate of cattle with dog(s) was greater than that of those without dogs (OR=2.13, p-value<0.01). There was a significant difference in abortion rate between seropositive cattle and seronegative ones (OR=6.2, p-value<0.01).

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.189-203
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• 1999

To determine sex of bovine embryos using hamster histocompatibility Y(H-Y) antibodies, bovine compact morulae were incubated for 6 hours in TCM199 supplemented with 10% hamster H-Y antiserum and the embryos with developmental arrest were diagnosed as male embryos, while the embryos showing development during the incubation as female embryos. This presumptive embryo sexing was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction(PCR)method. 1. In the result of hamster sperm cytotoxicity test to measure H-Y antibody titer, the rate of dead sperm was considerably lower in H-Y antiserum absorbed with hamster male splenocytes than in H-Y antiserum absorbed with hamster female splenocytes or H-Y antiserum unabsorbed with splenocytes(p<0.01). 2. The rate of oocytes fertilized in vitro and the rate of blastocysts of the fertilized oocytes were 58.5% and 32.4%, respectively. The rate of blastocysts on day 8 was 15.9%, denoting the highest rate during whole culture period posterior to in vitro fertilization (IVF). 3. The bovine 16 cell and compact morulae embryos incubated in the medium supplemented with hamster H-Y antibodies showed 37.1% and 48.9% of developmental arrest which were diagnosed as male, respectively, and rates of redeveloped embryos from the arrested were 24.1% in 16 cell and 44.3% in compact morulae embryos, respectively, denoting higher rate of sex determination and rate of redevelopment in compact morulae than 16 cell embryos. 4. Bovine compact morulae of Korean cattle and Holstein were treated with hamster H-Y antibodies for sex determination and the rates of developmental arrest(diagnosed as male) were 48.4% for Korean cattle and 47.9% for Holstein, respectively. The rates of redeveloped embryos to blastocyst after treatment were 42.6% for Korean cattle and 41.8% for Holstein, respectively, showing no significant differences of sex determination and redevelopment between both breed. 5. The sex determination of bovine embryos(Korean cattle and Holstein) using hamster H-Y antibodies was diagnosed by PCR for confirmation, denoting the rates of 86.1% for Korean cattle and 85.9% for Holstein male embryos, respectively, and the rates of 91.9% for Korean cattle and 90.1% for Holstein female embryos, respectively, with no significant differences of sex determination between both breed. These results indicated that hamster H-Y antibodies can be usable for sex determination of bovine embryos of Korean cattle and Holstein, the viability of bovine embryos was sustained while being cultured in the medium supplemented with hamster H-Y antibodies of appropriate titer and sex determination of bovine embryos by PCR can be feasible for confirmation.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2024

Bovine borreliosis, caused by Borrelia theileri which is transmitted via hard tick bites, is associated with mild clinical symptoms, such as fever, lethargy, hemoglobinuria, anorexia, and anemia. Borrelia theileri infects various animals, such as cattle, deer, horses, goats, sheep, and wild ruminants, in Africa, Australia, and South America. Notably, no case of B. theileri infection has been reported in Korean cattle to date. In this study, 101 blood samples were collected from a Korean indigenous cattle breed, among which 1.98% tested positive for B. theileri via nested PCR. The obtained sequences exhibited high homology with B. theileri strains identified in other regions. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA confirmed the B. theileri group affiliation; however, flagellin B sequences exhibited divergence, potentially due to regional evolutionary differences. This study provides the first molecular confirmation of B. theileri infection in Korean livestock. Further isolation and nucleotide sequence analyses are necessary to better understand the presence of B. theileri strains in cows in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권11호
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• pp.1548-1553
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• 2014

Four Korean native cattle (KNC) breeds-Hanwoo, Chikso, Heugu, and Jeju black-are entered in the Domestic Animal Diversity Information System of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and population structure of these KNC breeds (n = 120) and exotic breeds (Holstein and Charolais, n = 56). Thirty microsatellite loci recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics/FAO were genotyped. These genotypes were used to determine the allele frequencies, allelic richness, heterozygosity and polymorphism information content per locus and breed. Genetic diversity was lower in Heugu and Jeju black breeds. Phylogenetic analysis, Factorial Correspondence Analysis and genetic clustering grouped each breed in its own cluster, which supported the genetic uniqueness of the KNC breeds. These results will be useful for conservation and management of KNC breeds as animal genetic resources.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1223-1228
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• 2012

The population sizes of three Korean indigenous cattle populations have been drastically reduced over the past decades. In this study, we examined the extent to which reduction in populations influenced genetic diversity, population structure and demographic history using complete mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences. The complete mtDNA control region was sequenced in 56 individuals from Korean Black (KB), Jeju Black (JEB) and Korean Brindle (BRI) cattle populations. We included 27 mtDNA sequences of Korean Brown (BRO) from the GenBank database. Haplotype diversity estimate for the total population was high (0.870) while nucleotide diversity was low (0.004). The KB showed considerably low nucleotide (${\pi}$ = 0.001) and haplotype (h = 0.368) diversities. Analysis of molecular variance revealed a low level of genetic differentiation but this was highly significant (p<0.001) among the cattle populations. Of the total genetic diversity, 7.6% was attributable to among cattle populations diversity and the rest (92.4%) to differences within populations. The mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests revealed that KB population was in genetic equilibrium or decline. Indeed, unless an appropriate breeding management practice is developed, inbreeding and genetic drift will further impoverish genetic diversity of these cattle populations. Rational breed development and conservation strategy is needed to safeguard these cattle population.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.349-353
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• 2016

This study was carried out to evaluate the influencing factors that affect the reproductive performance of cows at the Monirampur upazila in Jessore district of Bangladesh. A total of 224 cows were brought to the upazila livestock hospital for artificial insemination (AI). The cows were inseminated between 12 to 18 hours from the onset of estrus and data was obtained from the owner. Out of 224 cows, 133 became pregnant and 91 were non pregnant. In this study, the overall pregnancy rate was 59.29%. Among the age variability, the highest pregnancy rate (70.27%) was at the age of 4 years old. In case of breed variation, the highest pregnancy rate was observed in local breed (69.07%) compared with other crossbred cows. Hence the breed variations significantly influence the conception rate of cows. According to the parity, we found that the pregnancy rate was increasing with their parity but decreasing after 4th parity. The highest conception rate was observed in 3rd parity (67.74%) which was significantly higher than that of heifers (Parity-0). Here we also found that the types of bull semen used for AI had no significant effect for pregnancy rate. The skills of AI technician for AI to cows were significantly affecting the pregnancy rate. However, this study is not enough for rating and comment about the reproduction performance of cows. Therefore, further extensive study is needed for rating and recommendation for the cattle up gradation at that particular area.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.464-470
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• 2017

성염색체에 위치하는 5 개의 초위성체 마커(INRA30, TGLA325, UMN0803, UMN0905, UMN0929) 를 이용하여 재래소 3품종과 외래소 7품종(칡소, 한우, 제주흑우, 홀스타인, 일본화우, 샤롤레, 앵거스, 헤어포드, 시멘탈, 한우X 샤롤레 교잡종)의 유전적 특징을 확인하였다. 상업적으로 판매되는 소고기의 잘못된 원산지 표기를 통해 부당한 경제적 이득을 취하고자 하는 문제를 해결하기 위한 방법으로 소고기 샘플을 빠르고 저비용으로 확인 하기 위한 방법으로 사용하기 위해 좌위 또는 품종 특이적 대립유전자를 탐색하고 좌위별 대립유전자수, 대립유전자빈도, 이형접합도 그리고 다형정보량(PIC)을 구하여 이들 10품종의 유전적 다양성을 평가하였다. STRUCTURE 분석을 통한 군락의 분류 및 유전적 균일성 분석에서 재래소 품종과 외래소 품종으로 두개의 주요 그룹으로 나뉘어진다. 이러한 결과들은 재래소와 외래소 품종의 특이적인 유전적 차이를 나타낸다. 또한 Nei's 표준 유전적 거리로 나타난 neighbor-joining tree에서도 독립적인 계통유전학적인 위치를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 국내 재래종과 외래품종 사이의 유전적 거리, 품종의 역사 및 그들의 지리적 기원 사이에 명백한 차이를 나타내는 증거로 사료된다. 이러한 결과들로 이들 성염색체의 초위성체 마커들에 의해 소 품종들의 유전적 다양성과 연관성은 과학적인 기초자료로 활용되고 재래소와 외래품종 소고기를 구별할 수 있는 DNA 마커들로 이용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 그러므로 이러한 마커들은 효율적인 이력추적 시스템을 만드는데 사용되어 원산지 표시 위반을 억제하는데 유용할 것이다.