• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제58권1호
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• pp.27-33
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• 1982

Populs alba${\times}$P. glandulosa의 우수(優秀)한 교잡종(交雜種)을 육성(育成)하기 위해서 형질(形質)이 우량(優良)한 교배양친수(交配兩親樹)를 선발(選拔)해야 하므로 이들 양친수(兩親樹)에 대한 유전분산(遺傳分散)과 유전력(遺傳力)을 조사(調査)한 결과(結果) 교배모수간(交配母樹間)에 유전분산(遺傳分散)은 크고 유전력(遺傳力)은 83%로서 높은 편이었다. 즉, P. alba(토착종(土着種))보다는 P. alba(토착종(土着種))${\times}$alba (이태이(伊太利))의 형질(形質)이 우수(優秀)하고 화분수(花粉樹)인 P. glandulosa는 유전변이(遺傳變異)가 좁고 유전력(遺傳力)도 17% 밖에 되지 않았다. 즉 화분수(花粉樹)의 두 개체(個體)(A와 B)는 같은 형질(形質)을 나타내고 수목원(樹木園)(C)에 있는 것은 다소 형질(形質)이 다른 것으로 나타났다. 또한 삽목발근률(揷木發根率)에서도 위의 결과(結果)와 같이 교배모수간(交配母樹間)에 차이(差異)가 있고 화분수간(花粉樹間)에는 큰 차이(差異)가 없었다. P. alba(토착종(土着種))가 P. alba(토착종(土着種))${\times}$ alba(이태리(伊太利))를 교배모수(交配母樹)로 한 것보다 삽목발근률(揷木發根率)이 높고 화분수(花粉樹)인 P. glandulosa의 두 화분수(花粉樹)(A와 B)는 같으나 수목원(樹木園)(C) 것은 약간 떨어지는 편으로 두 화분수(花粉樹)와는 형질(形質)이 다소 다른 것 같다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.120-131
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• 2005

Statement of problem. More than 70% of patients who need the implant supported restoration are parially edentulous. The principles of design for implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region are many and varied. Jurisdiction for their use is usually based on clinical evaluation. There are several areas or interest regarding the design of implant supported fixed partial denture in mandibular posterior region. 1) Straight and tripod configuration in implant placement, 2) Two restoration types such as individualized and splinted restorations. Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the amount and distribution of stress around the implant fixtures placed in the mandibular posterior region with two different arrangements and to evaluate the effects of splinting using the photoelastic stress analysis. Material & methods. 1) Production of study model: Mandibular partially edentulous model was waxed-up and duplicated with silicone and two models were poured in stone. 2) Fixture installation and photoelastic model construction: Using surveyor(Ney, USh), 3 fixtures(two 4.0 $\times$13 mm, one 5.0$\times$10 mm, Lifecore, USA) were insta)led in straight & tripod configurations. Silicone molds were made and poured in photoelastic resin (PL-2. Measurements group, USA). 3) Prostheses construction: Four 3-unit bridges (Type III gold alloy, Dongmyung co., Korea) were produced with nonhexed and hexed UCLA abutments and fitted with conventional methods. The abutments were tightened with 30 Ncm torque and the static loads were applied at 12 points of the occlusal surface. 4) Photoelastic stress analysis : The polarizer analyzer system with digital camera(S-2 Pro, Fujifilm, Japan) was used to take the photoelastic fringes and analysed using computer analysis program. Results. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed different stress patterns between two implant arrangement configurations, but there were no stress transfer to adjacent implants from the loaded implant in both configurations. However splinted restorations showed lesser amount of stresses in the loaded implants and showed stress transfer to adjacent implants in both configurations. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration with tripod configuration developed higher stresses in anterior and middle implants under loading than implants with straight configurations. Splintied 3 unit fixed partial dentures with tripod configuration showed higher stress development in posterior implant under loading but there were no obvious differences between two configurations. Conclusions. The tripod configuration of implant arrangement didn't show any advantages over the straight configuration. Splinting of 3 unit bridges with nonhexed UCLA abutments showed less stress development around the fixtures. Solitary hexed UCLA restoration developed tilting of implant fixture under offset loads.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 1996

이 연구에서는 질편모충의 단백질 분해효소를 부분정제하고 그 특성을 관찰하였다. 질염환 자에서 얻은 질편모충 분리주 KT-9을 sonicator로 분쇄 원심분리하여 상청액을 얻어 bacitracin-sepharose affinity chromatography로 부분정제하였고 합성기질 인 Bz-Pro-Phe-Arg-Nan로 효소의 활성을 측정하였다. 정제한 효소는 pH 7에서 최적 활성을 보였고 Dn를 넣었을 때에는 pH 6 및 pH 9이었다. 최적 온도는 $37^{\circ}C$이었지만 높은 온도에서도 활성이 나타났다. 정제한 효소는 cysteine계열의 저해제인 E-64, antipain, leupeptin에 의해, 그리고 $Hg^{2+},{\;}Zn^{2+}$ 이온에 의해 활성이 저해되었고. DTF와 cysteine에 의해서는 효소의 활성띠 2~3배 증가하였다. 등전점(pl)은 7.2이었고, gelatin SDS-PAGE에서 정제한 효소는 gelatin을 분해하였으나 cysteine계열 저해제인 I-64. iodoacetic acid(IAA), leupeptin, antipain과 반응한 후에는 gelatin을 분해하지 못하였고, PMSF나 EUfA는 영향을 미치지 못했다. 정제한 효소는 SDS-PAGE에서 분자량이 60 kDa이었고 면역이적법에서 면역 혈청과 반응하여 항원성을 나타내었다. 이상의 결과로 보아 60 kDa의 정제한 단백질 분해효소는 항원성을 갖는 cysteine계열 분해효소로 숙주-기생충 상호 관계에서 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.501-519
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• 1996

There are two kinds of commercially available ginseng root, red ginseng and white ginseng processed from fresh ginseng root Those ginsengs are primary product from fresh ginseng root and have the characteristic of keeping their original root shape Processed ginseng products are made from either red ginseng or white ginseng by way of complicated process of pulverization. Extraction. Condensation, fettering, sterilization, etc. Among them there are extracts. extract powder, powder, capsules tablets, Candy, drinks, nectar, jelly, gums. chicken soup. tonic. etc. to meet the demand for consumer's pretheronce . The 200 kinds of processed secondary products are approximately produced in the form of 20 kinds of ginseng products by about 60 domestic companies. In spite of about 213.000 million won of domestic market in 1993. it seems like that the ginseng market of the future has not a good prospects The total market sale of white ginseng in Korea has been continuously decreased since 1991 And 963 tons of white ginseng was consumed in domestic market in 1993 The domestic market sales of white ginseng in origina1 root shave. was 90, 000 million won in 1993 and market price of the fine root used as a source of processed products has not been changed in these ten years. The total market sale of red ginseng and its processed products was 58, 000 million won in 1993 9.800 mi11ion won of red ginseng in original root shape and 48.000mi11ion of processed red ginseng product. Ginseng products such as extracts, drinks, teas and tonics etc atre mostly exported to south-east Asia. And the total exports of ginseng pi.oducts (extracts, drinks teas) decreased to 54 million dollars in 1994, compared with 85 million dollars in 1992. Despite of extensive knowledge about ginseng little is still known about the development of new processed ginseng pl.oducts because of "Know-How". Some papars have presented the effects of extracting method(amounts of solvent. time. temperature, equipment. etc.) on the quality and yields of ginseng extr acts. Also. some researchers have carried out a few studies on the poriflcation of the extracts and the amounts of precipitation in the drink at variotas pH during the storage for preventinly drink from precipitation. A fell studies on the preservation of Korean ginseng powder. tea. Extract powder by irradiation and ozone treatment have been reported by some researcher for the improvement hygienic quality of ginseng products There are also some reports about the effects of ginseng components on the acid production by lactic acid bacteria or acetic acid bacteria. and alcohol production by yeast for the development of new ginseng products processed by fermentation. To make ginseng more able to contribute to the health of mankind in the future. consistent and considerable efforts should be focussed on improving the taste of ginseng and developing various new product as a health food or a function food.tion food.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.72-78
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• 1993

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) 의 immediate early(IE) 유전자의 promoter/enhancer 부위에 cAMP response element가 있다는 것으부터 caMP 가 HCMV 의 증식에 관여할 것이라고 생각할 수 있다. 이러한 가능성을 알아보기 위해 8-bromoadenosine 3', 5'-cyclic monophosphate (BrA) 와 papaverine 같은 세포내 cAMP 농도를 변화시키는 약제를 사용하여 HCMV 의 증식, DNA 합성 및 IE 유전자 발현에 대한 영향을 알아보았다. HCMV 증식과 DNA 합성은 papaverine 에 의해 억제된 반면, BrA 는 HCMV 의 증식에는 큰 영향을 주지 않았고 DNA 합성은 오히려 촉진시키는 것을 알 수 있었다. HCMV IE promoter 에 의해 작동되는 CAT 유전자를 함유한 plasmid pCMVIE/CAT 을 세포내로 transfection 시켰을 때, papaverine 을 처리한 세포에서는 CAT 효소 활성도가 감소한 반면 BrA 를 처리한 세포에서는 증가하였다. HCMV 에 감수성이 없는 HeLa 세포에서는 CAT 활성도가 감소성 세포인 HEL 세포에서보다 높게 나타난 반면, Vero 세포에서는 낮게 나타났다. 이들 비감수성 세포인 HEL 세포에서 보다 높게 나타난 반면 Vero 세포에서는 낮게 나타났다. 이 들 비감수성 세포에서의 CAT 활성도는 BrA 를 처리하여 주었을 때 모두 증가하였다. 이상과 같은 결과로부터 cAMP 는 HCMV 증식과 IE 유전자 발현에 어느 정도 관여한다는 것을 알 수 있다.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.189-194
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• 2005

Protein, lipid classes, and fatty acid composition, including n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (HUFAs), were analyzed in the soft parts, which we differentiated as the adductor muscles and 'other portions,' from the cultured pearl oyster after the pearl was harvested and before the nucleus was grafted to evaluate the nutritional qualities of the soft parts. Total lipid content was higher in the other portions of the soft parts ($1.25-1.26\%$) than in the adductor muscles ($0.58­0.65\%$) in both pearl oyster samples, whereas protein content was higher in the latter ($15.5­18.7\%$) than in the former ($11.2-13.9\%$; P<0.05). The percentage of total lipids (TLs) consisting of phospholipids (PLs) was higher in the adductor muscles ($60.4-68.3\%$) than in the other portions ($40.6-47.0\%$), but the percentage of nonpolar lipids (NLs) was higher in the other portions of the soft parts. The prominent lipid classes were free sterol (FS) and triglyceride (TG) in the NLs and phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the PLs. The adductor muscles contained high levels of FS and all PL classes, while the other portions contained high levels of all NL classes, especially TG (but not FS; P<0.05). The prominent fatty acids were 22:6n-3 ($17.2-24.9\%$), 16:0 ($8.35-15.8\%$), 20:5n-3 ($7.95-14.9\%$), 18:0 dimethyl acetal (DMA, $4.79-13.5\%$), 18:0 ($4.50-6.16\%$), and 20:4n-6 ($4.36-5.43\%$). The percentages of 22:6n-3, 20:4n-6, and 18:0 DMA were higher in the adductor muscles than in the other portions of both pearl oyster samples, while those of 20:5n-3 and 16:0 were higher in the other portions (P<0.05). The levels of these food components were similar to those of other bivalves or were higher, especially the protein content, indicating that the soft parts of pearl oysters, which are currently wasted, have food value.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1998년도 Advances in Ginseng Research - Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Ginseng -
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• pp.231-243
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• 1998

In the present study, we provide evidence that ginsenoside $Rh_2$ (G-$Rh_2$) as well as staurosporine induces apoptosis of human hepatoma SK-HEP-1 cells by caspase 3-mediated processing of $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ in the early stage of apoptosls. Immunoblottings showed that G-$Rh_2$ as well as statrosporine induced the processing of caspase-3 to an active form, pl7. In stable Bcl-2 transfectants however, G-$Rh_2$ induced DNA fragmentation, while staurosporine did not. In the early stage of apoptosis, $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ was detected to undergo proteolytic processing specifically conducted by caspase-3. $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ translated in vitro was cleaved into a p14 fragment, when incubated with cell extracts obtained from either G-$Rh_2$- or staurosporine-treated cells. Cleavage was equally inhibited in both cases by adding Ac-DEVD-cho, a specific caspase-3 inhibitor, but not by Ac-YVkD-cho, a specific caspase-l inhibitor. Similarly, $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ was efficiently leaved by recombinant caspase-3 overexpressed in E. coli. Moreover, the endogenous $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ of untreated-cell extracts was also cleaved by recombinant caspase-3. Mutation analysis allowed identification of two caspase-3 cleavage sites, $DHVD^{112}$/L and $SMTD^{149}$/F, which are located within, or near the interaction domains for cyclins, Cdks, and PCNA. Taken together, these results show that G-$Rh_2$ as well as staurosporine increases caspase-3 activity, which in turn directly cleaves $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ resulting in elevation of Cdk kinase activity in the early stages of apoptosis. We propose that proteolytic cleavage of $p21^{WAFI/CIPI}$ is a functionally relevant event that allows unleashing the cyclin/Cdk activity from the inhibitor seen in the earlier stage of apoptosis, the event of which may be associated with the triggering mechanism for the execution of apoptosis.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.164-167
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 HVPE을 이용하여 sapphire(001) 기판 위에 직경 2 inch, 두께 약 1.5 mm인 bulk GaN를 성장하고, 이를 mechanical polishing을 통해 $10{\times}10,\;15{\times}15$ mm 크기의 free-standing GaN template을 제작하여 그 특성을 평가하였다. 성장된 GaN 단결정의 X-ray diffraction pattern 결과 (002) 및 (004) 면으로부터의 회절에 의한 peak가 나타났으며, (002) 면의 DCXRD(Double crystal X-Ray diffraction) rocking curve peak의 반치폭(FWHM)은 98 arcsec으로 나타났다. 제작한 GaN template는 363 nm 파장에서 sharp한 PL spectrum을 나타내었으며, 불순물 defect에 의한 yellow 영역에서의 broad peak은 관찰되지 않았으며, 제작된 GaN template표면의 etch-pit 밀도는 $5{\times}10^6/cm^2$으로 매우 낮았다. 이러한 분석결과를 통하여 성장된 GaN template는 LED 및 LD 등의 청색 발광소자 및 고온, 고출력 소자용 기판재료로 응용이 가능할 것으로 생각 된다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지SD
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.11-17
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• 2000

저압 유기금속화학기상증착법을 이용하여 효율적인 청색 발광을 하는 InGaN/GaN multiple quantum wells(MQWs)을 성장시키고, InGaN/GaN MQWs의 광학적 및 계면 구조 특성을 고찰하였다. 보다 효율적인 청색 발광을 하는 InGaN/GaN MQWs을 성장시키기 위하여, MQWs의 성장온도 및 InGaN 우물층과 GaN 장벽층의 두께를 변화시켜 최적 조건을 확립하였다. 특히, GaN 장벽층의 두께 변화가 InGaN 우물층과 GaN 장벽층간 계면의 구조적 특성에 지대한 영향을 미침을 확인하였다. X-ray 회절분석결과와 고분해능의 투과전자현미경 사진 분석으로부터 MQW 구조의 InGaN 우물층과 GaN 장벽층간의 계면이 매우 급준함을 발견할 수 있었다. 또한, 상온 PL 스펙트럼에서 72.6meV의 매우 좁은 반치폭을 갖는 단일 피크가 463.5nm에서 확인되었다.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2010

스핀코팅 방법으로 제작된 ZnO 박막의 두께에 따른 구조적 및 광학적 특성에 관한 연구를 수행하였다. ZnO 박막의 두께가 두꺼워짐에 따라 줄무늬 모양의 폭과 밀도가 증가하고, 두께가 450 nm 일 때 줄무늬 모양은 사라지며 표면이 매끄러워졌다. ZnO 박막의 표면이 매끄러워졌을 때 orientation factor ${\alpha}_{(002)}$가 급격히 증가하였고, (002) 회절 피크의 FWHM (full width at half maximum)는 감소하였다. ZnO 박막의 NBE (near-band edge emission) 피크의 위치는 두께와 표면 형태의 영향을 거의 받지 않았으나, 매끄러운 표면을 갖는 ZnO 박막의 DLE (deep level emission) 피크의 위치는 청색편이 하였다. ZnO 박막의 두께가 증가함에 따라 DLE 피크에 대한 NBE 피크의 발광세기 비율이 증가하는 경향을 보였고, NBE 피크의 FWHM은 감소하는 경향을 보였다.