• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 1977

Flowering dates of 389 plant species in the Hongneung Arboretum, Seoul, had been recorded from 1968 through 1975. The thermal analysis on the air temperature as the key factor determining the first flowering date, with climatological data obtained in the Arboretum, were undertaken by Nuttonson's Index (1948) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (1956). The results and conclusion in this study are as follow; Peak in the bell shape distribution curve of the species and first flowering dates, largely, was early May. Flower spans of most species were 10 to 20 days, neverthless, some species flower only a few days while others may stay flowering a hundred days even more. Increase-curves of summation temperature from early spring through late-summer showed almost the same mode in both Nuttonson;s Index (Tn) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (T1). These Indices manifested the exponential curve, increasing slowly at the beginning of spring chiefly but rapidly from the middle part of April. The equation of the linear relationahip between Tn and Tl as far as in thisstudy is as follow. Tl=230Tn It appears that the distribution of summation temperature, below Tn=400°C·day, affects the first flowering, even though it could be modified somehow by the distribution of precipitation, day length and others. Nuttonson's Index (Tn.f) and Lindsey & Newman's Index (Tl.f) upon the thermal amount first flowering dates have been respectively simulated as follow. Tn.f=θa + C Tl.f=230θa + 230C where θ is air temperature 10°C, a and C are a constant.

• 복식
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• 제63권7호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristic of a functional design for a commercial outdoor brand jacket based on 3 types of functions : windproof, waterproof, and cold proof. To analyze the design and fabric characteristics of outdoor jackets by function, 903 men's and women's outdoor jacket images were selected from the catalogues during S/S 2009 - F/W 2011 of the 6 brands: The North Face, Columbia Sports Wear, Kolon Sports, K2, Arcteryx and Mont-Bell. These brands were selected based on their high market share and brand awareness of the outdoor brands in Korea. In this study, design elements analysis was conducted as following 8 elements: hood/collar height/central front flap/waistline/pocket location/ventilation for the body part/sleeve patterns/cuff for the sleeve part. Fabrics were analyzed by the frequency of fabric types used in the 3 jacket types. According to the result derived from the analysis of the six brands of outdoor wear jacket design trends by year, detachable hood and a co-use of velcro and elastic bands have been mainly designed for all of windproof, waterproof, and cold proof jacket to all in order to respond quickly to changes in the external environment. For reinforced storage function on trekking, the number of pockets has been gradually growing, and a function was being developed to connect an electronic device to a pocket. The method, result, and collateral observations relevant to each of these phases are described. Outdoor jacket design characteristics were investigated for outdoor brands, which can provide data to suggest more accurate functional design, and satisfy functional design needs. In this regard, this research was significant in the sense that it suggested preliminary data to reconsider competitiveness of the brand products.

• 척추신경추나의학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.127-152
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• 2007

Objectives : To research the trend of the study related to Chuna(推拿) and to establish the direction of further studies into the Chuna(推拿). Methods : We reviewed and analyzed all theses published by Korean research institution. And these theses were classified by research institutions, published year, field of study, subject, research methods, thesis types, illness and symptoms. Results : The following results were obtained in this study. 1. Classified by the major field of study, oriental medicine accounted for 59 papers, followed by 18 in physical education and 2 in the science of nursing and medicine. 2. Upon classifying theses according to research method and thesis types, research related to clinical trial accounted for nearly half of all theses. It was followed by consideration of documents. 3. After 1998 deals with the effects of the Chuna on variable illnesses such as: ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, chronic coccyalgia, entrapment neuropathy, low birth weight infant, Bell's palsy, stress incontinence, paramenia, Parkinson disease, Bertolloti syndrom, TMJ (because of scoliosis) etc. 4. Two most widely cured illnesses using the Chuna therapy are scoliosis and HNP of L-spine. However, when considering the fact that several clinical tests and casuistics did not include research into Lumbago (including HNP of L-spine), it can be concluded that most of the Chuna therapies have been concentrated on Lumbago. Conclusion : As it can be seen in the above results, the possibility of curing illness through Chuna and the usefulness of Chuna have been shown factually and clinically through various consideration of documents, clinical trial & casuistics. Based upon such facts, it is regarded that further scientific research along with additional clinical approaches involving the Chuna should be performed.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TE
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2005

액체 밸브는 실린더 부분과 액체부분으로 분리 또는 일체형 구조로 되어 있으며, 불소수지 Packing에 STS(stainless) 축을 삽입하여 실린더 머리에 연결된 구조로 되어있어 액체를 주입과 차단시 상하왕복 작동으로 인해 불소수지 패킹과 STS 축 사이에 마찰로 인해 액체의 누설로 인해 작업 환경 저하와 각 부품교체로 인한 작업능률의 저하로 생산성이 목표치에 이르지 못하고 있다. 이에 따라 액체밸브 설계에서부터 재질, 구조변경 등의 필요성이 있으며, 설계, 재질선택, 구조변경 등을 연구하였다. 본 논문은 기존의 문제점을 근본적으로 해소하고자, 피스톤과 연동되는 진동의 개발로 피스톤이 쉽게 마모되는 것을 방지하여 장 수명을 충족시키고 누설방지를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 액체 토출후 노즐 팁에 액체가 잔류하는 것을 방지할 수 있도록 피스톤이 후퇴 시 이를 흡입시킬 수 있는 기능을 부가하여 방울 맺힘을 방지함을 목적으로 하고 있다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.302-312
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• 2010

In order to describe the performance of a wedge type jellyfish excluder device, a series of fishing experiments was carried out in the coastal areas of Yokji Island, southern Korea in 2009, using a trawl net with a cover net. The body size and weight of each individual (fish or jellyfish) caught in the experimental fishing were measured. In the case of giant jellyfish the bell diameter and weight were measured. The catch species was composed of giant jellyfish (Nemopilema nomurai), silver croaker (Pennahia argentata), yellow croaker (Larimichthys polyactics), finespotted flounder (Pleuronichthys cornutus), largehead hairtail (Trichiuruslepturus), melon seed (Psenopsisanomala) and so on. The weight ratio and individual ratio of total fish escaped through the outlet of the excluder device were 0.322 and 0.320, respectively. The weight ratios of giant jellyfish excluded from the trawl net ranged from 0.740 to 0.921 (average 0.852/haul). It means that the wedge type jellyfish excluder device performed well and allowed the most of the giant jellyfish to exclude through the trawl net. The approximately 70% of fish entered in trawl net was caught. The wedge type excluder device needs some improvements to minimize the fish escape from the trawl nets in the future.

• 약학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.534-539
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• 1998

Effect of recombinant human epidermal growth factor (rhEGF, DWP401) on fetal external, visceral and skeletal malformation during organogenesis was examined. Pregnant Sprauge-Daw ley rats were administered with 0.2, 1 and 5mg/kg/day subcutaneously on gestation day 6 through 16. Dams were sacrified at 20th day of gestation. Materal body weight, food consumption and clinical observation were not changed. Significant dose-dependent increase of relative and absolute liver weight were observed in the treatment group, whereas other organ weights were not changed. Placental weight of 1 and 5mg/kg/day group and number of resorption in 5mg/kg/day treatment group were significantly increased. External and visceral malformation of fetuses were not observed with treatment. However, skeletal variations(increase of asymmetry sternebrae, decrease of dumb-bell and asymmetry sternbrae at 5mg/kg/day, and fused stemebrae at 5mg/kg/day) were observed. These results showed that rhEGF (DWP401) may not have embryo and/or fetal developmental toxicity effect in rats.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.385-396
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• 2005

이 논문에서는 온라인 서명 검증에 대한 새로운 접근 방법으로, 서명을 필기의 기본 구성 요소들로 표현하는 구조적인 접근 방법을 제시한다. 속력의 국부 극소점을 분할점으로 하여 얻어지는 부분을 원시 패턴으로 정의하였고, 서브패턴으로서 방향 변화에 의해 얻어지는 단순 회전형 성분, 첨형 성분, 종형 성분의 세 가지 종류를 정의하여 서명을 구조적으로 표현하였다. 그리고 서브패턴을 기본 단위로 한 동적 계획정합 알고리듬을 제시하였다. 또한, 학습 샘플로부터 국부적인 부분에 대한 변화도와 복잡도를 추출하여 참조 패턴의 학습과 진위 판단 임계치를 설정하였다. 실험을 통하여, 함수적 접근과 매개변수적 접근 그리고 제안된 구조적 접근 방법을 동일 조건에서 검증률, 처리시간, 메모리의 측면에서 비교하였다. 제안된 방법에서는, 서명의 국부적인 가중치를 적용하고 복잡도를 판단임계치의 설정에 사용함으로써 평균 오류율이 14.2%에서 4.05%로 검증률이 크게 향상되었다. 또한, 시간과 메모리의 측면에서 함수적 접근 방법에 비해 효과적이면서도 함수적 접근 방법의 최고 성능에 근접한 검증률을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.148-152
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• 2008

A new cost-effective atomic layer deposition (ALD) technique, known as Proximity-Scan ALD (PS-ALD) was developed and its benefits were demonstrated by depositing $Al_2O_3$ and $HfO_2$ thin films using TMA and TEMAHf, respectively, as precursors. The system is consisted of two separate injectors for precursors and reactants that are placed near a heated substrate at a proximity of less than 1 cm. The bell-shaped injector chamber separated but close to the substrate forms a local chamber, maintaining higher pressure compared to the rest of chamber. Therefore, a system configuration with a rotating substrate gives the typical sequential deposition process of ALD under a continuous source flow without the need for gas switching. As the pressure required for the deposition is achieved in a small local volume, the need for an expensive metal organic (MO) source is reduced by a factor of approximately 100 concerning the volume ratio of local to total chambers. Under an optimized deposition condition, the deposition rates of $Al_2O_3$ and $HfO_2$ were $1.3\;{\AA}/cycle$ and $0.75\;{\AA}/cycle$, respectively, with dielectric constants of 9.4 and 23. A relatively short cycle time ($5{\sim}10\;sec$) due to the lack of the time-consuming "purging and pumping" process and the capability of multi-wafer processing of the proposed technology offer a very high through-put in addition to a lower cost.

• 정보처리학회논문지B
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• 제11B권2호
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• pp.241-246
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• 2004

본 논문에서는 언어모델의 언어처리 단위로 VCCV(vowel consonant consonant vowel) 단위를 제안하구 기존의 언어처리 단위인 어적 형태소 단위와 비교한다. 어절과 형태소는 어휘수가 많고 높은 복잡도를 가진다. 그러나 VCCV 단위는 작은 사전과 제한된 어휘를 가지므로 복잡도가 적다. 언어모델 구성에 smoothing은 반드시 필요하다. smoothing 기법은 정확한 확률 예측이 불확실한 데이터가 있을 때 더 나은 확률 예측을 위해 사용된다. 본 논문에서는 형태소, 어절, VCCV 단위에 대해 언어모델을 구성하여 복잡도를 계산하였다. 그 결과 VCCV 단위의 복잡도가 형태소나 어절보다 적게 나오는 것을 볼 수 있었다. 복잡도가 적게 나온 VCCV를 기반으로 N-gram을 구성하고 Katz. Witten-Bell, absolute, modified Kneser-Ney smoothing 등의 방법을 이용한 언어 모델에 대해 평가하였다. 그 결과 VCCV 단위의 언어모델에 적합한 smoothing 기법은 modified Kneser-Ney 방법으로 평가되었다.

• 응용통계연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.335-350
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• 1998

X11ARIMA는 1965년 미국 센서스국에서 개발된 X11분석 방법에 기초한 시계열 분석방법으로 Dagum(1975)에 의해 개발되었다. 이 기법은 Dagum(1988)에 의하여 북미지역의 174개의 경제지수를 바탕으로 일부 기본모형이 수정·보완되어 오늘날에 이르고 있다. 최근에는 회귀 모형과 ARIMA모형을 동시에 고려하여 특이치와 추세 변환효과(outlier arid Trend-change effects), 계절변동(seasonal effect), 그리고 달력효과(calendal effect) 등을 추정한 William 등(1995)과 Chen과 Findley(1995)의 X12ARIMA분석 방법이 소개되었다. 그러나 위의 모든 기법들은 주로 북미지역의 경제지수를 기초로 하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 우리나라의 산업중분류에서 산출되는 102개(생산(27), 출하(27), 재고(27), 가동률(21))의 지수에 대한 우리나라의 표준 ARIMA모형을 제시하고, 우리나라에 적합한 이동평균항수를 제공하고자 한다. 그리고 우리나라의 설, 추석 등의 명절효과를 태양력으로 전환함과 동시에, 최근에 논의되고 있는 X12ARIMA에서 사용되는 회귀모형과 ARIMA모형을 동시에 고려하는 명절효과를 도출하고자 한다.